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Metallurgical Engineering Tutorial: Volume & Bonding

This document is a tutorial for Metallurgical & Materials Engineering students at Birla Institute of Technology, focusing on various calculations and concepts related to crystal structures, atomic packing, bonding types, and interplanar spacing. It includes problems on FCC, BCC, and HCP unit cells, calculations involving atomic radius, and sketches of planes and directions within cubic unit cells. Additionally, it covers vacancy calculations and bonding types for different materials.

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4 views3 pages

Metallurgical Engineering Tutorial: Volume & Bonding

This document is a tutorial for Metallurgical & Materials Engineering students at Birla Institute of Technology, focusing on various calculations and concepts related to crystal structures, atomic packing, bonding types, and interplanar spacing. It includes problems on FCC, BCC, and HCP unit cells, calculations involving atomic radius, and sketches of planes and directions within cubic unit cells. Additionally, it covers vacancy calculations and bonding types for different materials.

Uploaded by

sacedo1143
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Metallurgical & Materials Engineering (PE 214)

B. Tech in Production & Industrial Engineering and Mechanical Engineering


(Semester III)
Birla Institute of Technology Mesra

Monsoon 2024 Semester

Tutorial 1 (Module 1)

1. Calculate the volume in terms of the atomic radius R and the atomic packing fraction of (a)
FCC, (b) BCC and (c) HCP unit cells.

2. If the atomic radius of aluminum is 0.143 nm, calculate the volume of its unit cell in cubic
meters.

3. For the HCP crystal structure, show that the ideal c/a ratio is 1.633.

4. Draw a schematic explaining the ionic bonding between magnesium and chlorine to form
MgCl2.

5. The accompanying figure shows a unit cell for a hypothetical metal.

a. To which crystal system does this unit cell belong?

b. What would this crystal structure be called?

6. List the equivalent point coordinates for all atoms that are associated with the FCC unit
cell.
7. List the point coordinates of the titanium, barium, and oxygen ions for a unit cell of the
perovskite crystal structure.

8. What type(s) of bonding would be expected for each of the following materials: brass (a
copper–zinc alloy), rubber, barium sulfide (BaS), bronze, nylon, and aluminum phosphide
(AlP)?

9. Sketch within a cubic unit cell the following planes: (a) (011 ̅̅̅̅), (b) (102), (c) (1̅22),
(d) (110), (e) (013), (f) (122), (g) (131), (h) (112), (i) (102), (j) (1̅23̅)
̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅ ̅ ̅

10. Draw the following directions within a cubic unit cell (a) [110], (b) [1̅10], (c) [11
̅̅̅̅0], (d)
[1̅22], (e) [123
̅̅̅̅], (f) [1̅03], (g) [133
̅̅̅̅], (h) [01̅2], (i) [11
̅̅̅̅1], (j) [11̅0]

11. Determine the indices for the directions shown in the following cubic unit cell:

(a) (b)

12. Draw the (a) [12̅1] direction and (b) (210) plane in a cubic unit cell.

13. Draw the (11̅1) plane and identify the six <110> directions that lie in that plane in a cubic
lattice.

14. Draw the plane in a cubic system that passes through the coordinates 1, 1, 0; 0, 0, 1; and 0,
1, 0. What are the Miller indices of this plane? State the index of a plane parallel to it.

15. Calculate the interplanar spacing between the following planes in gold (lattice parameter
of gold is 4.0786 Å).

(a) (124̅) (b) (201) (c) (11̅2) (d) (3̅21)

16. Show that the radius ratio for an atom or ion that just fits into a tetrahedral interstitial site
without disturbing the surrounding atoms or ions is 0.225.
17. Show that the radius ratio for an atom or ion that just fits into a triangular interstitial site
without disturbing the surrounding atoms or ions is 0.155.

18. Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter for copper at 1000 °C. The
energy for vacancy formation is 0.9 eV/atom; the atomic weight and density (at 1000 °C)
for copper are 63.5 g/mol and 8.4 g/cm3, respectively.

19. Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for lead at its melting temperature of
327 °C (600 K). Assume an energy for vacancy formation of 0.55 eV/atom.

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