Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. There are 38 questions in the Question paper. All questions are compulsory.

2. The question paper has Four Sections - A-History, B-Geography C-Political Science, and D-Economics.
3. Each Section is of 20 Marks and has MCQs, VSA, SA, LAs and CBQ.

4. Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSA), carry 2 marks each. Answers to each question should not exceed 40

words.

5. Short Answer Type Questions (SA), carry 3 marks each. Answers to each question should not exceed 60 words.

6. Long answer type questions (LA), carry 5 marks each. Answers to each question should not exceed 120 words.

7. There are case based questions (CBQ) with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each. Answers to each

question should not exceed 100 words.

8. The map-based questions, carry 5 marks with two parts- Q9. In Section A-History (2 marks) and Q19. In Section

B -Geography (3 marks)

9. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few
questions.

Only one of the choices in such questions must be attempted.

Section A

a)

c) (a) - (II), (b) - (I), (c) - (IV), (d) - (III) d) (a) - (I), (b) - (IV), (c) - (III), (d) - (II)

2. Who among the following organized Depressed Classes Association in 1930? [1]

a) Mahatma Gandhi b) E.V. Periyar

c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar d) Jyotiba Phule

3. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct option: [1]
I. Napoleonic wars
II. The Treaty of Vienna
III. Greek Struggle for Independence
IV. Slav Nationalism in Ottoman Empire

a) I, II, III and IV b) IV, II, III and I

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 c) IV, III, II and I d) III, II, I and IV

4. Study the picture and answer the question that follows: [1]

Which of the following option best describe the given image?

a) Royal workshop in the sixteenth century b) Royal palace in the sixteenth century

c) Royal coronation in the sixteenth century d) Royal wedding event in the sixteenth
century

5. Describe the steps taken by French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French [2]
people?
OR
Define the term Romanticism. How did it facilitate the promotion of nationalist sentiment?
6. How did Mercier describe the impact of printed word and power of reading on himself? [3]
OR
How did print help connect communities and people in different parts of India? Explain with examples.
7. Explain the measures introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst
[5] the people during the French Revolution.
OR
In the administrative field Napoleon had incorporated revolutionary principles. Explain the statement.
8. Read the given text and answer the following questions: [4]
The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left
governmentcontrolled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their
legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice
Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power–
something that usually only Brahmans had access to. The effects of non-cooperation on the economic front
were more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge
bonfires. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from Rs. 102 crore to
Rs. 57 crore. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian
ones, the production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

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 i. What role did the Justice Party play in boycotting council elections?
ii. How were the effects of non-cooperation on the economic front dramatic? iii. Explain the
effect of the Boycott movement on the foreign textile trade.

9. Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them and write their correct
[2] names on the lines marked on the map.
a) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.
b) The place where the Jallianwala Bagh incident occurred.

Section B
10. Which one of the following is the irrigation system in Meghalaya? [1]

a) To remove water from soil. b) To irrigate land only during rainy season.

c) To use bamboo drip irrigation system. d) To use large volumes of water for irrigation.

11. The teacher is asking about the ways to solve the problems of land degradation. She is also giving clues. The
[1] teacher asked the students to identify the incorrect clues on ways to solve the problems of land
degradation.
Identify the incorrect clues.
i. Deforestation
ii. Proper management of grazing
iii. Planting of shelter belts of plants, control of overgrazing
iv. Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes

a) Clue ii b) Clue iii and iv

c) Clue i and ii d) Clue i

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12. India’s bauxite deposits are mainly found in the Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills, and the plateau region of
[1] Bilaspur-Katni. Identify the share of the state covered in the region mentioned here from the table
below.

Gujarat

a)

c) 8 d) 24

13. Which of the following options has been proven successful through the Chipko Movement? [1] i. Preserving
the genetic diversity of plants.
ii. Community afforestation with indigenous species.
iii. Diversified crop production. iv. Revival of traditional conservation methods.

a) Statement i and ii are correct. b) Statement ii, iii & iv are correct.

c) Statement i, ii, & iii are correct. d) Statement ii is correct.

14. ________ is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India. [1]

a) wheat b) jowar

c) maize d) rice

15. The government planned to initiate a comprehensive land development programme. Which of the following
[1] options can be considered a relevant step in this context?
i. Providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.
ii. Provision for crop insurance against untoward incidents. iii. Providing special weather bulletins and
agricultural reports. iv. Promoting zamindari system in the rural areas.

a) Statement ii, iii & iv are correct. b) Statement ii is correct.

c) Statement i, ii, & iii are correct. d) Statement i and ii are correct.

16. Describe any three main features of Alluvial soil found in India. [2]
17. "Conservation of minerals is the need of the hour" support the statement with five facts. [5]
OR
"Nuclear energy is expected to play an increasingly important role in India." Give arguments to support this
statement.

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18. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
NTPC shows the way
NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification for EMS (Environment
Management System) 14001. The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment
and resources like water, oil, gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants. This has been possible
through-
Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose
vehicles for afforestation.
a. Which is the major power providing corporation in India? (1)
b. Name the institution which issues ISO certification for Environment Management System. (1)
c. Explain the pro-active approach of NTPC for preserving the natural environment. What does NTPC stand for?
(2)
19. On the same outline map of India locate and label the following with suitable symbols: [3]
I. Any one of the following:
i. An iron and Steel Plant in Jharkhand named after Jamshedji Tata.
ii. Thermal Power Plant in Andhra Pradesh named after Dr. NT Rao.
II. Any two of the following:
iii. Ahmedabad - Cotton Textile Centre
iv. Noida - Software Technology Park
v. Kochi - Sea-port
Section C
20. Which of the following statements reflects a lack of internal democracy within a political party? [1] Statement i:
Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational meetings.
Statement ii: They fail to conduct internal elections regularly.
Statement iii: Top party leaders assume greater powers and make all the major decisions in the name of the
party.
Statement iv: The opinions of those who disagree with the leadership are considered and given due importance.

a) Statement i and ii are right. b) Statement iii is right.

c) Statement i, ii and iii are right. d) Only statement iv is right.

21. Which of the following options best signifies this cartoon? [1]

a) Poverty and Hunger in India b) Sharing of Powers between State and Union
Government

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 c) Power sharing as per Dynastic Succession. d) The States Plead for More Powers

22. Which of the following statements will be considered as the criteria for judging any democratic country? [1]
Statement i: Expectations from democracy.
Statement ii: Complaints from democracy.
Statement iii: A public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy.
Statement iv: Equal recognition of all individuals in a democracy.
a) Statement iii is right. b) Statement i, ii and iii are right.

c) Only statement iv is right. d) Statement i and ii are right.

23. Assertion (A): Gandhiji said that religion can never be separated from politics. [1]
Reason (R): Religion was not any particular religion but moral values that inform all religions.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A.
correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

24. How is the ethnic composition of Belgium very complex? Explain. [2]
25. Transparency is the most important feature of a democracy. Support the statement. [2]
26. "Democratic government is a legitimate government." Explain. [3]
27. Political parties have become omnipresent in democracies all over the world. Explain the statement with [5]
examples.
OR
What is a political party? Explain any four characteristics of a political party.
28. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
This new system of local government is the largest experiment in democracy conducted anywhere in the
world. There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and municipalities etc., all over
the country. This number is bigger then the population of many countries in the world. Constitutional status
for local government has helped to deepen democracy in our country. It has also increased women's
representation and voice in our democracy. At the same time, there are many difficulties. While elections are
held regularly of Panchayats and people participate enthusiastically in it but meetings of gram sabhas are not
held regularly.
i. Why is Indian decentralisation considered as the largest experiment in democracy? (1)
ii. Analyse how constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in India? (1)
iii. Explain any two steps taken by the Indian Government for decentralisation. (2)
Section D
29. Starting around 1991, the Indian government made far-reaching changes in policy to encourage ________ [1]
competition.

a) Regional b) Global

c) Local d) Domestic

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30. Rajiv obtained a loan of ₹ 8 lakhs from a bank for his business. The loan carries an annual interest rate of 10
[1] percent and is to be repaid in monthly installments over a period of 5 years. As collateral, the bank
retained
Rajiv's valuable equipment until the loan and interest are fully repaid. Which of the following statements is true?

a) Rajiv will repay the loan in a lump sum after b) Rajiv had to provide the bank with his
5 years. personal bank statements to secure the loan.

c) The bank will return Rajiv's valuable d) The loan has a fixed interest rate of 5 equipment as soon as he
submits his percent per month. business plan.

31. Fill in the blank: [1]

Education, Administration, Transport

a) Communication, Technology, Information

c) Transport, Trade, Storage d) Eating out, Tourism, Shopping

32. Only income is not the proper indicator of the development of the country. Which of the following is not correct
[1] in the context of the above statement?

a) Money helps us buy only material goods b) Money cannot ensure a pollution-free and
services environment for individuals

c) Some people earn more than others do d) Money does not ensure respect and dignity
for individuals

33. Match the following: [1]

d) Form of money

a)

c) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i) d) (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)

34. Laxmi, owning about two hectares of unirrigated land-dependent only on rain and growing crops, like jowar and
[1] arhar. All five members of her family work in the plot throughout the year. Everyone is working, none
remains idle, but in actual fact, their labour effort gets divided. Each one is doing some work but no one is fully
employed.
Which situation is being faced by Laxmi and her family?

a) Frictional unemployment b) Disguised unemployment

c) Structural unemployment d) Seasonal unemployment

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35. Why had the Indian government put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment after independence?
[3] Analyse the reasons.
36. "Deposits with the banks are beneficial to the depositors as well as to the nation". Examine the statement.
[3]
37. "For development, people look at a mix of goals". Support the statement with three suitable examples. [3]
38. Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profits. Examine the statement with examples.
[5]
OR
Describe the employment conditions prevailing in the unorganised sector of the economy.

Solution
Section A

1.
(b) (a) - (IV), (b) - (II), (c) - (III), (d) - (I)
Explanation:
(a) - (IV), (b) - (II), (c) - (III), (d) - (I)

2.
(c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Explanation:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar organised the Dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930. He demanded separate electorates for
the Dalits in the Second Round table Conference.

3. (a) I, II, III and IV Explanation:

I, II, III and IV
Napoleon wars: 1797
Treaty of Vienna: 25 March 1815
Greek struggle for independence begins: 1821
Slav nationalism gathers force in the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires: 1905

4. (a) Royal workshop in the sixteenth century Explanation:

This is a royal workshop in the sixteenth century, much before printing began in India. In the image the text is being dictated,
written and illustrated. The art of writing and illustrating by hand was important in the age before print. Think about what
happened to these forms of art with the coming of printing machines.
5. The steps are taken to create a sense of collective identity
amongst French people by the French revolutionaries
included:
i. The ideas of fatherland (la patrie) and citizen (le citoyen) were spread to bring the notion of a united community
having equal rights and protected by a constitution.
ii. A new flag was chosen of tricolour to represent the nation and the royal standard was removed. iii. New hymns,
oaths and martyrs commemorated in the name of the nation.
iv. The Estates General became the National Assembly and its members were elected by a body of active citizens.
v. Uniform system of weights, measures were adopted and the abolition of internal customs.
vi. Promoting French as a common language of the nation.
OR
Romanticism was a movement in literature and arts, that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing subjectivity, inspiration
and the supremacy of the individual.
a. Critical approach towards science and reason: Glorification of reason and science was criticised by the romantic artists, rather
they favoured emotions, intuitions and mystical feelings.

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 b. Folk culture as the spirit of the nation: Romantics like the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that the true
spirit of the nation could be popularised through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances. He held the view that true German
culture could be discovered only among the common people, the Das Volk.
c. Emphasis on vernacular language: They gave emphasis on vernacular language to carry the modern nationalist message to a
large audience who were mostly illiterate and to recover the national spirit.
6. Louise-Sebastien Mercier, a novelist in 18th century France described the impact of the printed word, and the power of reading in
one of his books in the following way:
a. He compares himself to a man dying of thirst and gulping down some fresh, pure water.
b. He lighted the lamp and started reading page to page. A clock struck off the hours in the silence of the shadows and he heard
nothing
c. In spite of the oil being run out in the lamp, he kept on reading. He did not want to interrupt his pleasure of reading.
OR
Print connected communities and people in different parts of India through newspapers, by encouraging public debates on
important issues.
a. From the early nineteenth century, there were serious debates on religious, social and economic issues. Different people had
different opinions regarding the colonial society. Reformers offered a variety of new interpretations of the beliefs of different
religions. There were many who criticised the existing practices and campaigned for reforms while others countered.
b. New ideas emerged in SambadKaumodi published by Raja Rammohon Roy from 1821, which provoked debate on widow
immolation, Brahmanical priesthood, idolatary, by printing ideas in every language spoken by ordinary people. In retalitation,
Hindu orthrodoxy started Samachar Chandrika to oppose his opinions.
c. From the 19th century, the issue of caste discrimination began to be written. Jyotiba Phule, Dr B.R. Ambedkar, E. V.
Ramaswamy wrote extensively on the depressed classes and provided the depressed classes with a common platform.
d. In north India, Ulamas fearing colonial rulers will change Muslim personal laws published Persian and Urdu translations of holy
scriptures and printed religious newspapers and tracts. The Deoband Seminary published thousands of fatwas telling Muslim
readers how to conduct themselves in their everyday life and explaining Islamic doctrines. Hindus also published religious texts
in Vernacular languages. Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas came out in Calcutta in 1810. Naval Kishore Press at Lucknow and Shri
Venkateshwar Press in Bombay published numerous religious texts in Vernacular languages.
e. Newspapers conveyed news from one place to another, creating pan-Indian identities. Newspapers reported on colonial
misrule and encouraged nationalist activities.
7. The French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that created a sense of collective identity among the French
people:
i. They introduced the ideas of La Patrie (the fatherland) and Le Citoyen (the citizen) emphasizing the concept of a
united community enjoying equal rights under a Constitution.
ii. They choose a new French flag, the tricolour, to replace the Royal Standard. iii. Estates General was elected by
the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
iv. New hymns were composed and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation.
v. A centralised system of administration was introduced, uniform laws were made for all citizens.
vi. French language was spoken and written and became a common language in Paris.
OR
Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to
make the whole system more rational and efficient.
The Civil code of 1804 also known as Napoleonic code spread to all countries including Switzerland, Italy and Germany. The
Napoleonic code did away with privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to
property.
Napoleon simplified administrative divisions thereby abolishing feudal system. He freed the peasants and other sections of
society from serfdom and manorial dues. In the towns too, guild restrictions were removed.
Transport and communications network improved and peasants, artisans, workers and businessmen enjoyed freedom that
was gained due to Napoleon's uniform laws, standardized measures and weights, common currency system which
facilitated the movement and exchange of goods from one region to another.
8. i. Justice party (the party of non-Brahmans), wanted to contest elections to the council as it was one of the ways to gain some
power that usually only Brahmans had access to.
ii. Merchants refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
iii. As the boycott movement spread, the people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, the production
of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

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 9. (A) Chennai
(B) Amritsar
Section B
10.
(c) To use bamboo drip irrigation system.
Explanation:
To use bamboo drip irrigation system.

11.
(d) Clue i
Explanation:
Deforestation is not the way to solve the problems of land degradation.

12.
(c) 8
Explanation:
Chhattisgarh 8%

13.
(d) Statement ii is correct.
Explanation:
The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas has not only successfully resisted deforestation in several areas but has also
shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.

14.
(d) rice
Explanation:
Rice is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India. Our country is the second largest producer of rice in the world
after China.

15.
(d) Statement i and ii are correct.
Explanation:
In the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme was initiated, which included both institutional and
technical reforms. Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen
banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest were some
important steps in this direction.

16. i. Alluvial soil is widely spread over the northern plains by the three Himalayan river systems - The Indus, The Ganga and The
Brahmputra. Most fertile soil among all soil types.
ii. Alluvial soil is classified on the basis of age: Bhangar and Khader.
iii. It contains potash, phosphoric acid and lime. iv. Ideal for sugarcane, paddy, wheat, and other
cereal and pulse crops.
v. High fertility supports intensive cultivation and dense population.
vi. Alkaline soils in drier areas can be made productive with proper treatment and irrigation.
17. Conservation of minerals is the need of the hour:
a. Minerals are considered to be the backbone of the Indian economy.
b. Industry and agriculture sector depends on mineral deposits.
c. Total volume of workable mineral deposits is only 1% of the earth's crust.
d. Mineral resources are being consumed rapidly, and also requires millions of years to be created and concentrated.

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 e. The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to
the present rates of consumption
f. The rich mineral deposits of our country are extremely valuable but short-lived possessions.
g. Minerals resources must be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
h. By improvising the technology so that low-grade ores can be used profitably.
OR
Atomic energy is generated by splitting nuclear substances such as the atoms of uranium, thorium, Cheralite, Zirconium under
controlled conditions. Splitting of these atoms gives out a lot of energy which can be used for a variety of purposes such as
generating electricity. This energy is expected to play an increasingly important role in India due to the following reasons:
i. India has limited reserves of coal and petroleum. Nuclear energy minerals like Thorium is found in plenty in India.
ii. Hence, nuclear energy can compensate for the deficiency of fossil fuels. iii. Nuclear power stations can be established easily
and conveniently in those areas where other sources are not available.
iv. Nuclear power releases tremendous amounts of energy. India can utilize this energy for peaceful purposes such as the
generation of electricity that can be used to run machines in industries.
v. It is a non-conventional source of energy. After the initial expenses, it becomes very economical.
18. i. NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India.
ii. ISO 14001 sets out the criteria for an environmental management system that an organization can use to enhance its
environmental performance and issues ISO certification.
iii. The pro-active approach of NTPC for preserving the natural environment are:
i. Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing
equipment.
ii. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation. (any TWO points)
NTPC stands for National Thermal Power Corporation Limited.
19. i. Jamshedpur - Iron and Steel Plant ii. Vijayawada - Thermal Power Plant

Section C
20.
(c) Statement i, ii and iii are right.
Explanation:
Since one or few leaders exercise paramount power in the party, those who disagree with the leadership find it difficult to
continue in the party. More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important.

21.
(d) The States Plead for More Powers Explanation:
This cartoon is about the States Pleading for More Powers.

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22.
(b) Statement i, ii and iii are right.
Explanation:
Expectations from democracy also function as the criteria for judging any democratic country. The fact that people are
complaining is itself a testimony to the success of democracy: it shows that people have developed awareness and the ability to
expect and to look critically at power holders and the high and the mighty. A public expression of dissatisfaction with
democracy shows the success of the democratic project.

23. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Mahatma Gandhi used to say that religion can never be separated from politics because according to him religion was not any
particular religion like Hinduism or Islam but moral values that inform all religions. He believed that politics must be guided by
ethics drawn from religion.
24. The ethnic composition of a small country, Belgium is very complex. Ethnic is a social division based on shared culture. People
belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture.
i. Of the country's total population, 59% live in the Flemish region and speak the Dutch language.
ii. Another 40% of people live in the Wallonia and speak French. iii. Remaining 1% of the Belgians speak German.
iv. 80% of people speak French while 20% are Dutch-German speaking in the capital city Brussels.
25. i. Democracy ensures that decision-making will be based on norms and procedures. ii. A citizen who wants to verify if a decision
was made correctly can easily do so by determining the correct procedures.
iii. Citizens have the right and the means to examine the process of decision-making.
This is why transparency is meant to be the most important feature of democracy.
26. Yes, democratic government is a legitimate government because in legitimate government law and action of the government are
revealed to the people and there is transparency in functioning of government. Following features of a democratic government
make it a legitimate government.
i. There is a rule of law as laws are applicable to all the citizen whether rich or poor.
ii. In a democracy, there is political equality i.e. one person one vote one value.
iii. People have the right to challenge the policies and actions of the government. If the people are not satisfied with the working
of the government they have the right to change it.
27. Political parties have become so omnipresent in democracies all over the world because of their important role. The role played
by political parties makes them an essential component of a democracy. The rise of political parties is directly linked to the
emergence of representative democracies The key role played by the political parties in a democracy is listed below:
Political Parties contest elections. Those who win form the government and those parties that lose in the elections play the
role of opposition to the parties in power,
They offer different policies, schemes, and programs and the voters chose from them.
Political Parties play a decisive role in making laws for the country.
Parties form and run the government. The political executives of the political party in power take big policy decisions.
Political Parties shape public opinion. They provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes
implemented by governments.
For example, if there will not be any political party every candidate in the elections will be independent. So no one will be able to
make any promises to the people about any major policy changes. The government may be formed, but its utility will remain ever
uncertain. Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in the locality. But no one will be
responsible for how the country will be run.
OR
Political party: A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government.
Characteristics of political party are as follows:
i. Contest elections.
ii. They have their own programmes, policies and ideology.
iii. Political parties play a decisive role in making laws. iv. Political parties form and run governments.
v. Play important role of opposition.
vi. Parties shape public opinion.
28. i. The third tier of local government in India is the biggest in the world thanks to the decentralisation experiment. More than 35
lakh elected officials serve in panchayats and municipalities across the nation.

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 ii. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts granted constitutional status to the third branch of government. As a result,
the local government now operates more effectively and has more authority in a number of areas.
iii. Two steps taken by the government for decentralisation are as follows:
i. Establishing the panchayats as the third level of government and giving them the authority and means to function
effectively.
ii. Allowing for the reservation of one third of the seats. to the female members of local government to increase their
involvement in political discussions and decision-making.
Section D
29.
(b) Global
Explanation:
Starting around 1991, some farreaching changes in policy were made in India. The government decided that the time had come
for Indian producers to compete with producers around the globe.

30.
(b) Rajiv had to provide the bank with his personal bank statements to secure the loan.
Explanation: In the given scenario, it is mentioned that Rajiv had to provide the bank with his business plan and financial
statements in order to obtain the loan. However, there is no mention of Rajiv needing to provide his personal bank statements.
The requirement was specifically related to his business plan and financial statements, which would provide the bank with
information about his business's viability and financial stability.
31.
(d) Eating out, Tourism, Shopping Explanation:
Eating out, Tourism, Shopping

32.
(c) Some people earn more than others do Explanation:
Development goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. Income
criteria take into account only the economic aspect of life and ignore the social, aspect of life. Money in your pocket cannot buy
all the goods and services that you may need to live well. So, income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material
goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, normally, your money cannot buy you a pollution-free
environment or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines, unless you can afford to shift to a community that already has all
these things. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes
preventive steps.

33.
(c) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)
Explanation:
(a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

34.
(b) Disguised unemployment Explanation:
Laxmi and her family are facing the situation of underemployment. The situation of underemployment is referred to the
situation when people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential is called disguised
unemployment.

35. Reasons for putting trade barriers to foreign trade and investment by the Indian government after Independence are: i.
To protect local producers and goods from foreign competition.
ii. As the Indian economy was unstable and weak after the British left India, it was important to allow the economy to develop and
flourish itself in order to cope up with the high levels of development abroad.
iii. Industries needed protection so that they could grow and develop in order to be ready to compete with developed countries
later on. It imposed restrictions on the import of certain goods.

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 iv. Further, industries were coming up in the 1950s and 1960s and tough competition from imports at that stage would not have
allowed these industries to develop. Therefore, the number of imports was strictly regulated by the government for only
certain essential items such as machinery, fertilizers, petroleum etc.
36. The deposits with the banks are beneficial to the depositors because of the reason mentioned below: i. Safety
assurance.
ii. Depositors are able to save their money and earn interest.
iii. Payment can be made easily through cheques.

Benefits of bank deposits to the nation are as follows:

i. Availability of cheap loans (with more deposits) to a large number of people.
ii. Boost the industry by providing cheap loans.
iii. The interest rate provided on deposits adds to the income of the family, thus increasing overall income of the nation.
From the above points, it can be concluded that deposits with the banks are beneficial to the depositors as well as to
the nation.
iv. Deposits are lent out to borrowers. The loans are used for investment. Investment increase in GDP. Higher GDP leads to
more jobs.
37. It is true that for development, people look at a mix of goals. Income is not only an important factor leading to the
country's development. The other factors like freedom, respect, peace, harmony are as important as income. We can
understand this with the following example.
i. If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. So in this case other than the income
from the job, dignity is an important goal.
ii. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women, there would be more sharing of housework and greater
acceptance of women working outside.
iii. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. These are goals other
than income. Hence, the development goal is not only for better income but for other important things in life like an increase in
human value.
38. Industries and companies that comprises the private sector aims at maximizing their profits in any way.
They involves in high competition from the growing world that aims at establishing a secure connection and stay by earning
more profits.
It can be more related to the people working in the private sector who is bound to provide a service of more than the 9
hours a day to survive.
Industries and companies involved in this sector follow strict rules and regulations with minimal concern to workers pay
and health to survive the growing competition across the globe to earn profit.
It is also seen to have fired employees who is not reluctant and fruitful at their work thereby depicting that this sector has
got no time and utility to waste on people bringing no profit and are non-productive to the company and at work respectively.
They works for an secure establishment above all.
OR
Employment conditions in the unorganized sector:
i. There are rule and regulations but these are not followed.
ii. Jobs are not secured. iii. Jobs are low paid. iv. No provisions for over time, holidays, sick
leaves etc.
v. People can be asked to leave without any reason. vi.
They are largely outside the control of government.

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