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Electric Charges, Fields & Current Concepts

The document covers key concepts in electrostatics and current electricity, including formulas for electric force, electric field, capacitance, and resistance. It outlines important laws such as Gauss's Law and Ohm's Law, along with definitions and units for various electrical terms. Additionally, it provides derivations for potential due to dipoles and energy stored in capacitors.

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anupriyakumari190808
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7 views3 pages

Electric Charges, Fields & Current Concepts

The document covers key concepts in electrostatics and current electricity, including formulas for electric force, electric field, capacitance, and resistance. It outlines important laws such as Gauss's Law and Ohm's Law, along with definitions and units for various electrical terms. Additionally, it provides derivations for potential due to dipoles and energy stored in capacitors.

Uploaded by

anupriyakumari190808
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 1 — Electric Charges & Fields

⭐ Key Formulas
Concept Formula SI Unit

Force between 2 1 q1 q 2
F= N
charges 4 π ϵ 0 r2

F
Electric field E= N/C
q

Electric flux Φ=⃗


E ⋅⃗
A=EA cos ⁡θ Weber (Wb)
1 9
Permittivity =9 ×10 —
4 π ϵ0

q enclosed
⭐ Gauss Law (Very Important) : ∮ ⃗
E ⋅d ⃗
A=
ϵ0

⭐ Coulomb’s Law ⭐Electric Field ⭐Flux

1 q1 q 2 F
E= =
1 Q
F= Φ=EA cos ⁡θ
4 π ϵ 0 r2 q 4 π ϵ 0 r2

important Results
Case Formula
λ
Infinite line E=
2 π ϵ 0r

σ
Infinite sheet E=
2 ϵ0

Uniform sphere 1 Q
E=
(outside) 4 π ϵ 0 r2

Qr
Uniform sphere (inside) E= 3
4 π ϵ0 R

Chapter 2 — Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance


⭐ Key Derivations
1 p cos ⁡θ
Potential due to dipole on axisV =
4 π ϵ0 r 2
ϵ A
Capacitance of parallel plates C= 0
d
With dielectric C ' =κC
1 2
Energy stored U = C V
2
1 q
Potential V =
4 π ϵ0 r
1 p cos ⁡θ
Dipole Potential V=
4 π ϵ0 r 2
ϵ0 A '
Capacitance C= , C =κC
d
1 2
Energy Stored U= C V
2
1 1
Series Capacitance = +⋯
Cs C1
Parallel Capacitance C p=C 1+C 2 +⋯

Chapter 3: CURRENT ELECTRICITY — Exam REVISION SHEET


⭐ Key Definitions + SI Units
Term Definition SI Unit

Current (I) Rate of flow of charge Ampere (A)

Avg. velocity of electrons towards +


Drift Velocity (vₑ) m/s
terminal

Resistance (R) Opposition to flow of current Ohm (Ω)

Resistivity (ρ) Property of material → R ∝ L/A Ω·m

Conductivity (σ) σ = 1/ρ S/m

EMF (ε) Work done per unit charge by battery Volt (V)

Potential Difference
Work done to move unit charge Volt (V)
(V)

⭐ Most Important Formulas


Name Formula
Q
Current I=
t

Ohm’s Law V =IR

L
Resistance of a wire R=ρ
A

Drift velocity relation I =neA v d


2
V
2
Power P=VI =I R=
R

Series resistance R s=R1 + R2 +.. .

1 1 1
Parallel resistance = + +.. .
R p R1 R2

Σ Potential drop = Σ Potential


Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule
rise

Wheatstone Bridge P R
=
condition Q S

Rx l
Meter Bridge =
R 100−l

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