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Heat Exchanger Design Calculations

The document outlines the design and calculations for a shell and tube heat exchanger using a glycol-water mixture and saturated steam. It includes specifications for fluid properties, heat transfer calculations, and dimensions of the exchanger. Key results include a required heat transfer area of 1.122 m² and calculated overall heat transfer coefficients for both tube-side and shell-side flows.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
10 views11 pages

Heat Exchanger Design Calculations

The document outlines the design and calculations for a shell and tube heat exchanger using a glycol-water mixture and saturated steam. It includes specifications for fluid properties, heat transfer calculations, and dimensions of the exchanger. Key results include a required heat transfer area of 1.122 m² and calculated overall heat transfer coefficients for both tube-side and shell-side flows.

Uploaded by

iviwemgxobane
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Sample Calculations

Selection of Heat Exchanger Type

 Type: Shell and tube heat exchanger

 Tube material: Copper

 Shell material: Carbon steel

 Layout: Square pitch

 Tube passes: 2

 Fluids:

Tube side: Glycol–water mixture (30:70)

Shell side: Saturated steam (3 bar)

Specification

Fluid 1 (Glycol–Water 30:70):

 Flow rate = 0.55 kg/s

 Supply temperature = 18 °C

 Target temperature = 60 °C

Q = mCp ΔT

=( 0.55 kg/s) ( 3.7 kJ/kg·K)( 60 °C - 18 °C)

= 88.47 kW

Fluid 2 (Saturated Steam at 3 bar):

 Inlet: saturated vapor

 Outlet: saturated liquid

 Supply temperature = 133.6 °C (steam tables at 3 bar)

 Target temperature = 133.6 °C

 Heat of vaporisation H fg =−2163.8 kJ/kg (steam tables)

Q −88.47 kg
msteam = = = 0.04
H fg −2163.8 s
ΔT1= Tsteam – ΔTcold,out

= 134-60

= 134 – 60 = 74 ℃

ΔT2 = Tsteam – Tcold,in

= 134 – 18

= 116 ℃

3. Physical Properties

Fluid 1 (Glycol–Water):

 Density = 1047 kg/m³

 Specific heat capacity = 3.7 kJ/kg·K

 Thermal conductivity = 0.256 W/m·K

 Viscosity = 3.5 × 10⁻³ kg/m·s

Fluid 2 (Steam/Condensate):

 Density = 1.65 kg/m³

 Thermal conductivity = 0.02 W/m·K

 Specific heat capacity = 3.82 kJ/kg·K

 Viscosity = 1.35 × 10⁻⁵ kg/m·s

Overall Coefficient (Assumed)


U ass =1000 W/m ²

5. Exchanger Type and Dimensions

 Number of passes = 2

 Correction factor F=1

 Log mean temperature difference Δ T m=93.025 °C

 Tube length = 1 m
 Tube thickness = 1.6 mm
Heat Transfer Area

Q=88.47 k W

ΔT 2−ΔT 1
LMTD = ΔT 2
ln ⁡( )
ΔT 1

=
116−74
116
ln ⁡( )
74

= 93.43 ℃

Arequired = = = 0.9510 m2
Q 88.47 kW
U LMTD 1000(93.43)

7. Layout and Tube Size

 Tube size: 20 mm (OD), 16 mm (ID)

 Tube layout: Square pitch


Pt =d 0 +c=6.4 +20=26.4 m m

 Tube length: 1 m

Surface Area per tube:

 At=πDL=3.14(20×103) (1) =0.0628m²

Number of Tubes

Nt = = = 0.000201 m2
A required 0.9510
At 0.0628

Cross-sectional area per tube:


π
Ac , tube = ¿
4

Total tube area:


Ac , total=16 ×0.000201=0.00322 m ²
Tube velocity (one pass):
0.55
U= =0.1631 m/ s
1047 × 0.00322

Velocity after passes:


U t =2 ×0.1631=0.326 m/ s

9. Bundle and Shell Diameter

Db = 20(16/0.156)1/2.291

Clearance (floating head): 88 mm


Ds =Db +clearance=200+ 88=288 m m Ds =11.34 in≈ 12 in

Baffle spacing: 0.2 × D s=57.6 mm


Tube pitch: 1.25 ×20=25 mm

Flow area:
(Pt −d 0 )D s Lb (25−20)× 288 ×57.6
A s= = =3317.76 mm²=0.003317 m²
Pt 25

10. Tube-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient

Reynolds number:
−3
ρUD 1047× 0.326 ×16 × 10
ℜ= = −3
=1560.329
μ 3.5 ×10

Prandtl number:
−3
Cpμ 3.78 ×3.5 × 10
Pr= = =51.68
k 0.256

Nusselt number:
0.8 0.4
Nu=0.023 R e Pr =39.960

Tube-side heat transfer coefficient:


Nu ×k 39.960 ×0.256
hi = = =639.365 W/m² K
d 16 ×10
−3

11. Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient


Shell-side equivalent diameter:
2 2
De =1.27 /d 0 (Pt −0.785 d 0 )=19.75 mm

Mass velocity:
0.040886
Gs = =12.36 kg/s
0.003317

Velocity:
12.36
U s= =7.49 m/s
1.65

Reynolds number:
G s D e 12.36 ×19.75
ℜ= = −5
=18082.22
μ 1.35× 10

Prandtl number:
3 −5
Cpμ 2.20 ×10 × 1.35× 10
Pr= = =1.485
k 0.02

Heat transfer factor: j h =1.35

Nusselt number:
1/ 3 −3
Nu= j h ReP r =(4.2 ×10 )(18082.22)¿

Shell-side heat transfer coefficient:


Nu × k 86.645× 0.022
h s= = =2820.2693 W/m² K
De 19.75 × 10
−3

12. Overall Coefficient (Calculated)

U= A R
1
ref eq

R=
1
hA

Rmixture = =
1 1
2
hA 639.65 W /m K A

Rsteam =
1
2
2820.2693W /m A
= 0.0004
2
m K
W

Rshell = 0.0002
2
m K
W

U=
1
A ref ( R mixture + R steam+ R tubes+ R shell)
1

= A ref (
2 2
1 1 m K m K
+ +0.0004 +0.0002 )
639.65 W 2820.2693 W W W
A A
m2 K m2 K
1

= 0.9510 m (
2 2
2 1 1 m K m K
+ +0.0004 +0.0002 )
639.65 W 2820.2693 W W W
(0.9510) (0.9510)
m2 K m2
U calc =1.65

ΔP_tube = Np[9Jf(L/di)+2.5]

= 2[9(6.6*10-1)(1/16*10-3)+2.5]*1047(0.326) ^2/2

=41.587 kPa

ΔP_shell = 8Jf(Ds/de)(L/lb) pu^2/2

= 8*4.4*10-1(288/19.75) (1/57.6*10-3)1.65(7.49) ^2/2

= 41.244 kPa
Modified Calculations
1. Selection of Heat Exchanger Type

Type: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger


Tube Material: Copper
Shell Material: Carbon Steel
Tube Layout: Square Pitch
Tube Passes: 2

Fluids:

 Tube Side: Glycol–water mixture (30:70)

 Shell Side: Saturated steam (3 bar)


Specification

Fluid 1 (Glycol–Water 30:70):

 Flow rate = 0.55 kg/s

 Supply temperature = 18 °C

 Target temperature = 60 °C

Q = mCp ΔT

= (0.55 kg/s) (3.7 kJ/kg·K) (60 °C - 18 °C)

= 88.47 kW

Fluid 2 (Saturated Steam at 3 bar):

 Inlet: saturated vapor


 Outlet: saturated liquid

 Supply temperature = 133.6 °C (steam tables at 3 bar)

 Target temperature = 133.6 °C

 Heat of vaporisation H fg =−2163.8 kJ/kg (steam tables)

Q −88.47 kg
msteam = = = 0.04
H fg −2163.8 s

ΔT1= Tsteam – ΔTcold,out

= 134-60

= 134 – 60 = 74 ℃

ΔT2 = Tsteam – Tcold,in

= 134 – 18

= 116 ℃

3. Physical Properties

Fluid 1 (Glycol–Water):

 Density = 1047 kg/m³

 Specific heat capacity = 3.7 kJ/kg·K

 Thermal conductivity = 0.256 W/m·K

 Viscosity = 3.5 × 10⁻³ kg/m·s

Fluid 2 (Steam/Condensate):

 Density = 1.65 kg/m³

 Thermal conductivity = 0.02 W/m·K

 Specific heat capacity = 3.82 kJ/kg·K

 Viscosity = 1.35 × 10⁻⁵ kg/m·s


Overall Coefficient (Assumed)
U assumed =850 W/m²

5. Exchanger Type and Dimensions

 Number of passes = 2

 Correction factor F=1

 Log mean temperature difference Δ T m=93.025 °C

 Tube length = 1 m

 Tube thickness = 1.6 mm


Heat Transfer Area
3
Q 88.47 ×10
Q=UA Δ T m A= = =1.122 m ²
U Δ T m 850 ×93.025

Layout and Tube Size


Do =20 mm , Di=16 m mPt =1.25 Do=25 mm At =π Do L=π (0.02)(1)=0.0628 m²

Number of Tubes
A required 1.122
Nt= = =12 tube s

Total area:
At 0.0628

Ac , total=12× 0.000201=0.00241 m²
Velocity (one pass):
ṁ 0.55
U= = =0.216 m/s
ρ A c, total 1047 × 0.00241
Velocity after 2 passes:
U t =2 ×0.216=0.432 m/s Bundle and Shell Diameter
1 /2.291
12
Db =20( ) =129 mm ≈150 m m Ds =Db +clearance=150+88=238 mm
0.156
(Pt −Do )D s Lb
Baffle spacing=0.2 Ds =47.6 mm A s= =0.00268 m²
Pt
10. Tube-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient
ρU Di 1047(0.432)(0.016) C p μ 3.7 ×103 (3.5 ×10−3)
ℜ= = −3
=206 5 Pr= = =50.5
μ 3.5× 10 k 0.256

=747.5 W/m² K Shell-Side


Nu k 46.75 (0.256)
Nu=0.023 R e Pr =46.75hi = =
0.8 0.4
Di 0.016
Heat Transfer Coefficient
2 2
ṁs 0.0409
De =1.27 /d o (Pt −0.785 d o)=19.75 m mGs = = =15.26 kg/s\cdotpm²
A s 0.00268
Gs De 15.26 (0.01975) C p , s μ s 3.82 ×103 (1.35 ×10−5)
R e s= = −5
=22322P r s = = =2.58
μs 1.35× 10 ks 0.02
0.55 0.33
N u s k s 103.6(0.02)
N us =0.36 R e s P r s =103.6 h s= = =1049 W/m² K
De 0.01975

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (Calculated)

U= A R
1
ref eq

R=
1
hA

Rmixture = =
1 1
2
hA 747.5W /m K A

Rsteam =
1
2
1049W /m A

= 0.0004
2
m K
W

Rshell = 0.0002
2
m K
W

U=
1
A ref ( R mixture + R steam+ R tubes+ R shell)
1

= A ref (
2 2
1 1 m K m K
+ +0.0004 +0.0002 )
747.5 W 1049W W W
A A
m2 K m2 K
1

= 1.122m (
2 2
2 1 1 m K m K
+ + 0.0004 + 0.0002 )
747.5 W 1049 W W W
(1.122) (1.122)
m2 K m2
1 W
U calc = =856 2
0.001168 m K

ΔPtube= Np[9Jf( )+2.5]


2
L Pt V
di 2

=3[9(0.0419)( )+2.5]
2
2 1047(0.7634 )

= 5132.2 Pa
0.0148 2

ΔPshell= 8Jf( )( l ) ρu2/2


Ds L
de b

=8 (0.0419)( )( )1.65(0.432)2/2
238 2

= 593.57 Pa
19.75 1

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