What is STS?

Science, Technology, and Society - is the study of how science and technology
influences society. These influences can be positive and negative. Through this field,
society is analyzed on its reaction and incorporation of science and technology.
It examines deep cultural roots of our techno-scientific society and addresses
pressing public policy issues.

TECHNOLOGY?
application

group of people
knowledge

What is Science?
 - The word science has been derived from a Latin word “Scientia”
which means knowledge.
- The knowledge gained through “observations” and
“experimentations” is known as science.
- the human understands the world, with or concern for practical uses of that
knowledge.
- tries to discover facts and relationships and then tries to create theories
that make sense of these facts and relationships.

What is Technology?

- The word technology came from two Greek words “techne”, which means
skills, craftmanship, art and “logos” which means discourse, reason.
- Are things that are created by human that can make our lives easier or solve
problems.
- As a human activity, technology is on the same level as art, politics,
economics, and the like.

New - emerging
 Relationship Between Science and technology

Science explores for the purpose Science drives technology by

of knowing making new technology possible
through scientific breakthrough
Technology explores for the
purpose of making something
useful from that knowledge

What is Society?
- It is often understood as a tangible entity
- It is a mental construct which we realize in everyday life but cannot see it.
According to Maclver
- Society is a system of usage and procedures of authority and a mutual aid of
many groupings and division of controls of human behavior and of liberties. It
is the web of social relationship.

How Society Exist?

-Society exist only where social
beings behave towards one
another in ways determined
by their recognition of one
another
 For Science and Technology:
• The science is understanding of how the world functions alters how we
behave.
• Technology alters how we can behave.

For Science, Technology and Society:

• Society drives technological innovations and scientific inquiry.
• Science gives us insight into what kind of technologies we could potentially
create and how to create them.
• Technology allows and drive us to conduct further scientific research.

"Those Who Do Not

Learn History Are
Doomed to Repeat It."
-Sir Winston Churchill

What is Antecedent?
Antecedent is a precursor to the unfolding or the existence of something.
It is a thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another.

In Science and technology - antecedents are factors that paved the way for
the presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological innovations
which we are enjoying today.
We can use the historical development of S & T to come up with proper decisions
and applications of science and technology to daily life
 Historical antecedents which changed the course of
science & technology

✓ Ancient Period
✓ Middle Ages
✓ Modern Ages
✓ In the Philippines

MIDDLE

ANCIENT HISTORICAL MODERN

ANTECEDENTS
 - Ancient civilization paved the way for advances in science and technology.
- These advances during the ancient period allowed civilizations to flourish by
finding better ways of communication, transportation, self-organization and
ways of living

ANCIENT WHEEL
• People from ancient civilization used animals
as means of transportation.
• The invention of ancient wheel is credited to
the Sumerians.

POTTER’S WHEEL ANCIENT WHEEL

 • Around 3000 B.C., the ancient Egyptians began writing
on a papyrus.
• It is made up from a pith of plant called cyperus papyrus
• Before the invention of papyrus, writing and record-
keeping is done on stones and tablets.

• A tool used and invented by

ancient Egyptians to irrigate land.
• It is a hand-operated device used
for lifting water.
• Its invention introduced the idea
of lifting things using
counterweights.

• Discovered in 1902 and retrieved from the

waters of Antikythera, Greece.
• It is a mechanism similar to a clock for it
has a circular face and rotating hands.
• It is believed that this mechanism is used
to predict astronomical positions and
eclipses.

• It is also known as the Hero’s engine.

• It is a steam-powered turbine which spins
as the water container at its center is
heated.
 • The major advances in scientific and technological development took place in this
period.
• These advancements include constant increase if new inventions, innovations in
traditional production and the emergence of scientific thinking and method.

“The heavy plough turned European agriculture and economy

on its head. The fields with heavy, fatty soil became those that
gave the greatest yields.”
- Prof. Thomas Andersen

- Around 850 A.D., Chinese alchemists accidentally

invented the gunpowder.
- Prior to the invention of gunpowder, swords and
spears were used in battles and wars.
- The invention of gunpowder has allowed advanced
warfare such as fiery arrows, cannons and grenades.
 • The development of mechanical clock helped
the people in accurately keeping the track of
time.
• The sophistication of clockwork technology
drastically changed the way of spending the
day and work patterns were established.

• A machine used to transform fiber into

thread or yarn and eventually woven
into cloth.
• It is theorized that the Indians are the
one invented the spinning wheel
between 6th and 11th century.
• It sped up the rate of manually
spinning fiber by 10 to 100 times.

• Historical period when people realized the importance of the

efficiency of transportation, communication and production.
• Industrialization took place but with greater risk on human health,
food safety and environment.
 • Invented by Galileo Galilei that can magnify 20
times larger than a regular glass.
• This is used to discover important astronomical
discoveries such as craters and mountains in
moon.

• Invented by a Dutch Zacharias Janssen in

1590’s.
• Nowadays, microscope is used in many
scientific studies in the area of medicine,
forensics and genetics.

• Built by French weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard

which simplifies textile manufacturing.
• Prior to this invention, a drawloom is used which
requires two persons to operate

• Invented by Orville Wright and Wilbur

Wright.
• They demonstrated that slightly-tilted
wings are the key features of a flying
aircraft.
- Invented by Scottish engineer John Logie Baird
in 1920s.
-British Broadcasting Corporation used this for its
earliest television programming in 1929.

The history of science and technology in the

Philippines started before the country gained
independence from American colonization.

The early inhabitants had their own

culture, traditions, and indigenous
knowledge that sustained their lives
and communities.
 During the Spanish colonial era, formal
education, modern agriculture, and
infrastructure development were
introduced.

The American period brought

improvements in engineering
works, public education, and the
exploitation of mineral resources.

Inventions by Filipino Scientists

✓ Invented by Abelardo Aguilar

✓ Created from the strain of bacterium Streptomyces
erthreus
 ✓ Invented by Fe Del
Mundo

✓ Credited for the invention of the mole remover is

Mr. Rolando Dela Cruz
✓ made from cashew nuts extracts

✓ Invented by the Maria Y. Orosa