ST.

CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT

AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN

A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of Institute of Computer Studies

In Partial Fulfillment of the requirement

for the Degree of Bachelor of Science
in Computer Science

By:

AGUILAR, JOLINA D.
CLAMOR, DAN ANGELO B.
PALCOTILO, ASHLIE MAE S.
POBLAR, LORAINE JERSEY
REGAYA, JOHN RHEG
ROSALES, CHRIS JOHN PAUL
SALEM, HILIE M.
SALAZAR, RENIEL DAVE P.
SONGAHID, FLORENCE T.

June 2025

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

FINAL DEFENSE PANEL REPORT

DATE / TIME OF DEFENSE ACADEMIC YEAR / SEMESTER

2024 - 2025 2ND Semester

SECTION A: PROGRAM INFORMATION SECTION B: STUDENT INFORMATION

COLLEGE OF MEMBERS:
COMPUTER SCIENCE AGUILAR, JOLINA D.
CLAMOR, DAN ANGELO B.​
DEPARTMENT
PALCOTILO, ASHLIE MAE S.​
TERTIARY
POBLAR, LORAINE JERSEY
DEGREE/PROGRAM
REGAYA, JOHN RHEG
B.S. COMPUTER SCIENCE ROSALES, CHRIS JOHN PAUL​
MAJOR/SPECIALIZATION
SALEM, HILIE M.
N/A SALAZAR, RENIEL DAVE P.
SONGAHID, FLORENCE T.

SECTION C: THESIS / DISSERTATION INFORMATION

DEFENSE RESULT NUMERICAL EQUIVALENT THESIS / DISSERTATION TITLE

( ) PASSED [1.0]
( ) WITH MINOR REVISIONS [1.5]
( ) WITH MAJOR REVISIONS [2.0]
( )UNSATISFACTORY/FAILED [5.0]
* Revisions not approved and reported to the Office of the
Department Chair, through the Panel Chair Report, not
later than 10 days after the Final Defense Deliberation shall
be considered as “FAILED”.

** FAILED defense means student has to restart

thesis/dissertation cycle.

SECTION D: THESIS / DISSERTATION PANEL

NAME SIGNATURE

PANEL CHAIR

MEMBER

MEMBER

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

SECTION E: PROGRAM INFORMATION

NAME SIGNATURE

ADVISER MS. JEANETHJOY D. NATURALES

DEPARTMENT CHAIR MS. JEANETHJOY D. NATURALES

IMPORTANT: ​ This Pre Oral Presentation Panel Report must be accomplished in four (4) copies by the Chair of the
Defense Panel and submitted immediately to the Office of the Academic Affairs, without need for the
revisions in the thesis/dissertation. Distribution of the copies shall be: Office of the Academic Affairs (1);
Office of the Registrar (1); the Department (1); and the student (1).

PRE ORAL PRESENTATION PANEL REPORT

DATE / TIME OF DEFENSE ACADEMIC YEAR / SEMESTER

2024 - 2025 1st Semester

SECTION A: PROGRAM INFORMATION SECTION B: STUDENT INFORMATION

COLLEGE OF MEMBERS:​
COMPUTER SCIENCE AGUILAR, JOLINA D.
CLAMOR, DAN ANGELO B.​
DEPARTMENT PALCOTILO, ASHLIE MAE S.​
TERTIARY POBLAR, LORAINE JERSEY
DEGREE/PROGRAM REGAYA, JOHN RHEG
B.S. COMPUTER SCIENCE ROSALES, CHRIS JOHN PAUL​
MAJOR/SPECIALIZATION SALEM, HILIE M.
N/A SALAZAR, RENIEL DAVE P.
SONGAHID, FLORENCE T.

SECTION C: THESIS / DISSERTATION INFORMATION

DEFENSE RESULT NUMERICAL EQUIVALENT THESIS / DISSERTATION TITLE

( ) PASSED [1.0]
( ) WITH MINOR REVISIONS [1.5]
( ) WITH MAJOR REVISIONS [2.0]
( )UNSATISFACTORY/FAILED [5.0]
* Revisions not approved and reported to the Office of the
Department Chair, through the Panel Chair Report, not
later than 10 days after the Final Defense Deliberation shall
be considered as “FAILED”.

** FAILED defense means student has to restart

thesis/dissertation cycle.

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

SECTION D: THESIS / DISSERTATION PANEL

NAME SIGNATURE

PANEL CHAIR

MEMBER

MEMBER

SECTION E: PROGRAM INFORMATION

NAME SIGNATURE

ADVISER MS. JEANETHJOY D. NATURALES

DEPARTMENT CHAIR MS. JEANETHJOY D. NATURALES

IMPORTANT: ​ This Pre Oral Presentation Panel Report must be accomplished in four (4) copies by the Chair of the
Defense Panel and submitted immediately to the Office of the Academic Affairs, without need for the
revisions in the thesis/dissertation. Distribution of the copies shall be: Office of the Academic Affairs (1);
Office of the Registrar (1); the Department (1); and the student (1).

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
this thesis entitled ______________________, has been prepared and submitted by:
​ Names ​ ​ ​ ​ Document (70%)​System (30%)
1.​ __________________________ ​ ​ ______________​___________
2.​ __________________________ ​ ​ ______________​___________
3.​ __________________________ ​ ​ ______________​___________
4.​ __________________________ ​ ​ ______________​___________
5.​ __________________________ ​ ​ ______________​___________
6.​ __________________________ ​ ​ ______________​___________
7.​ __________________________ ​ ​ ______________​___________

MS. JEANETHJOY D. NATURALES, DIT,MIT, FRIIT

​ Adviser

Approved by the Committee on Pre-Oral Examination with a grade of _____ .

​ ​ ​ ​ ___________________
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Chairman

​ Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE.

Date of Pre-Oral Examination: _____________________

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Page

TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ iii

CHAPTER I​ INTRODUCTION​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ Background of the Study
​ ​ Statement of the Problems
​ ​ Objective of the Study
​ ​ Significance of the Study
​ ​ Scope and Delimitation
​ ​ Definition of Terms
CHAPTER II​ REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
​ ​ Related Literature ( Foreign & Local)
​ ​ Related Studies ( Foreign & Local)
CHAPTER III​ METHODS OF RESEARCH AND PROCEDURES
​ ​ Research Methodology
​ ​ Research Design
​ ​ Data Gathering
​ ​ Statistical Treatment

CHAPTER IV​ SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
​ ​ Summary of Findings
​ ​ Conclusions

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

​ ​ Recommendations
BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES
​ DFD Diagram
​ Context Diagram
​ Exploded Diagram
​ Program Flowchart
​ VTOC Diagram
​ IPO Diagram
​ Sample Screen Output
​ Program Listing
​ Users Manual
​ Evaluation Result
​ T-Test
​ Cost Benefit Analysis
CURRICULUM VITAE

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

CHAPTER I
Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study

​
​ Due to the rapid innovation in technology , the demand for efficient, secure
and accessible document management systems has become vital at the Tertiary
of St. Clare College of Caloocan. The students, alumni, and administrative staff
are more engaged at the processing and requesting of official documents such
as transcript of records, diplomas, certifications, and other academic records.
These processes have relied heavily on the manual operations requiring physical
presence, and paper based forms that will have long queues to the students
which result in delays, errors, and inconvenience for both students and staff.

​ This emergence in digital technologies presents a solution to transform the

outdated systems into automated platforms. A Digital Document Request &
Processing System aims to address the inefficiencies by offering a centralized,
user-friendly portal where the students can request, track, documents through
online while the stakeholders update the status of the process of requested
documents. This system will not only enhance system efficiency but also
improves the institution to modernized student services and digital
transformation.

​ St. Clare College has already taken towards the online education and
digital services, and it is seen in the Edusuite which showed the digitalized by its
own enrollment, payment, and E-grades. But despite that digital services the
institution needs to have fully automated and integrated the document
lifecycle-from requesting documents to approval, processing and scheduling of

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

releasing of documents. By implementing this system the institution will reduce

the administrative workload, improve data accuracy, and ensure the schedule of
releasing of documents, especially during opening of classes which have many
enrollees also for fresh graduate students who need urgent records for job
applications or further studies.​
​
​ Moreover, this study will develop an effective digital solution that aligns
with the needs of St. Clare College of Caloocan, providing a responsive,
transparent, and user-friendly system that simplifies the process of requesting
and releasing academic documents.

Statement of the Problem

​
General Problem
St. Clare College of Caloocan already has begun using more digital tools
(such as Edusuite to enroll, pay, and receive grades), the school relies on
paper-based methods to process requests and fill in academic documents.
Which can lead to inefficiencies due to the long queues, delays, errors, and
inconvenience both users and administrative staff. Students are often required to
visit the campus, wait in the line and need to comply with the information given to
the administration to process the requested documents .

Therefore, the following things can get postponed, the data can be mixed
up which lead to data inaccuracy. The following issue can affect the students to
get a requirement for scholarships, also the fresh graduates their academic
records such as diploma are critical for employment or further education.

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

Specific Problem ​
​
1. Manual Operations - Current System in St. Clare College of Caloocan
required a physical presence and paper based forms, which lead to human errors
and time consuming both administrative and students.
2. Lack of Accessibility - Although the documents are confidential, students
and alumni have difficulties in accessing their documents , especially during peak
periods like graduation and enrollment.
3. Delayed Processing - Due to the absence of automation in this system it can
result in the slow process of document request, affecting the student's need for
urgent records for employment.
4. Limited Tracking and Transparency - Students cannot track the status of
their requests, which can lead to repeated follow-ups that give burden to both
students and administrative staff.
5. Fragmented Digital Integration - Despite having digital services like
Edusuite, the document request and the system processing workflow remains
outdated and needed to have a digital integration for convenience.

This study aims to develop and implement a fully Digital Document

Request and Processing System in St. Clare college of Caloocan, that simplifies
the management of academic documents, including making requests and
releasing documents. This study is primarily aimed at answering the following
question:

●​ What are the overall problems of the present manual request and
processing system by students and staff?
●​ What should the new system be like to make it safe, effective, and easy
for students to use?
●​ How can automation speed things up and make handling those
documents more accurate?

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

●​ What is the visible impact of a digital system implementation on workload

of administration staff and quality of service?
●​ What will the new system do to work well with existing platforms such as
Edusuite to ensure that operations run smoothly?
​
Objectives of the Study ​
​ This study aims to develop and implement a Digital Document Request
and Processing System streamlines and automates the current lifecycle of
academic documents in St. Clare College of Caloocan. To do so, this study
specifically seeks to:
●​ Design a centralized user-friendly portal for requesting, students will track
their requested documents and the admin notify the students to the
schedule of his/her receiving of documents.
●​ Integrate the system with existing digital platforms (e.g., Edusuite) for
seamless operations.
●​ Use automation to decrease both document processing duration and
administrative workloads
●​ Enhance data accuracy while reducing human errors that occur during
document management.
●​ Provide real-time updates having a transparent tracking for students
regarding in their document request.
●​ Ensure the immediate release of documents during the schedule of
releasing, especially during high peak periods, such as enrollment and
graduation.
​
​ Overall, this study seeks to develop a system with a real-time update to
students to track their requests, ensuring that students are informed throughout
the process documents having a convenience for both students and
administrative staff at St. Clare College of Caloocan.

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

​
​

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

​ The scope and delimitations of the thesis are essentially technical devices to
inform the readers of the constraints on research design. They refer to things beyond the
control of the researcher. Delimitations are controls on scope imposed by the researcher.
They are an illustration of the decision-making that the researcher has consciously
undertaken. They set design limits that the reader of the research report, and potential
critic, must acknowledge in any judgment or appraisal of the adequacy of the research
design of the study, and by implication, worth and validity of the findings. If the
proponent of the study is not able to delimit his/her study effectively, it is likely that an
informed readership will do it for him.

Definition of terms

​ The definition of terms in a thesis shows the operational or contextual definition

of the most important terms used in the research study by the proponent The

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

conceptual definition of terms refer to definition of terms based on concepts usually

taken from dictionaries or encyclopedias; while, operational definition of terms are
based on observable characteristics and how this is applied or actualized in the study.
Operational definition also connotes how the concept is measured or manipulated in a
particular study.
CHAPTER II
Related Literature and Studies

Related literature is composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the

present study is related. For instance, if the study deals with drug addiction, literature to
be reviewed or surveyed should be composed of materials that deal with drug addiction.
These materials are usually printed and found in books, encyclopedias, professional
journals, magazines, newspapers, and other publications.
​
These materials are classified as

▪​ Local, if printed in the Philippines; and

▪​ Foreign, if printed in other lands.

Related studies, on the other hand, are studies, inquiries, or investigations

already conducted to which the present proposed study is related or has some bearing
or similarity. They are usually unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses, and
dissertations.

These may be classified as

▪​ Local, if the inquiry was conducted in the Philippines

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

▪​ Foreign, if conducted in foreign lands.

Importance, Purposes, and Functions of Related Literature and Studies

​ A survey or review of related literature and studies is very important because

such reviewed literature and studies serve as a foundation of the proposed study. This is
because related literature and studies guide the researcher in pursuing his research
venture. Reviewed literature and studies help or guide the researcher in the following
ways.

▪​ They help or guide the researcher in searching for or selecting a better research

problem or topic. By reviewing related materials, a replication of a similar

problem may be found better than the problem already chosen. Replication is
the study of a research problem already conducted but in another place.

▪​ They help the investigator understand his topic for research better. Reviewing

related literature and studies may clarify vague points about his problem.

▪​ They ensure that there will be no duplication of other studies. There is

duplication if an investigation already made is conducted again in the same locale

using practically the same respondents. This is avoided if a survey of related
literature and studies be made first.

▪​ They help and guide the researcher in making his research design especially in

a.​ the formulation of specific questions to be researched on:

b.​ the formulation of assumptions and hypotheses if there should be any;
c.​ the formulation of conceptual framework;

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

d.​ the selection and application of the methods of research;

e.​ the selection and application of sampling techniques;
f.​ the selection and/or preparation and validation of research instruments for
gathering data;
g.​ the selection and application of statistical procedures;
h.​ the analysis, organization, presentation, and interpretation of data;
i.​ the making of the summary of implications for the whole study;
j.​ the formulation of the summary of findings, conclusions, and
recommendations; and

6. They help and guide the researcher in making comparison between his findings with
the findings of other researchers on similar studies with the end in view of formulating
generalizations or principles which are the contributions of the study to the fund of
knowledge.
Characteristics of Related Literature and Studies

​ These are certain characteristics of related materials that make them of true
value. Among these characteristics are:

1.​ The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible. This is important because
of the rapid social, economic, scientific, and technological changes. Findings
several years ago may be of little value today because of the fast changing life
style of the people.
There are exceptions, however. Treatises that deal on universals or things
of more or less permanent nature may still be good today. There are
mathematical laws and formulas and statistical procedures that had been
formulated a long, long time ago which are being used today with very, very little

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

improvement. This is also true with natural and physical laws. Books on these,
though written a long time ago, are still being cited today.

​ Another exception is when a comparison or contrast is to be made

between the conditions of today and those of a remote past, say ten or twenty
years ago. Naturally, literature and studies about that remote past have to be
surveyed and reviewed.

2.​ Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased. Some materials are
extremely or subtly one sided, either political, or religious, etc. Comparison with
these materials cannot be made logically and validly. Distorted generalizations
may result.

3.​ Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study. Only materials that have some
bearing or similarly to the research problem at hand should be reviewed.

4.​ Surveyed materials must have been based upon genuinely original and true facts
or data to make them valid and reliable. There are cases where fictitious data are
supplied just to complete a research report (thesis or dissertation). Of course,
this kind of deception is hard to detect and to prove. Thus, this is a real problem
to honest researchers.
5.​ Reviewed materials must not be too few nor too many. They must only be
sufficient enough to give insight into the research problem or to indicate the
nature of the present investigation. The number may also depend upon the
availability of related materials. Sometimes there is a paucity of such materials.
Ordinarily, from ten to fifteen related materials are needed for a master’s thesis
and from fifteen to twenty – five for a doctoral dissertation depending upon their
availability, as well as their depth and length of discussions. For an

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

undergraduate thesis, from five to ten may do. The numbers, however, are only
suggestive and not imperative nor mandatory. These are only the average
numbers observed from these and dissertations surveyed by this author.

Sources of Related Literature and Studies

​ The sources of related literature and studies may include the following:
1.​ Books, encyclopedias, almanacs, and other similar references.
2.​ Articles published in professional journals, magazines, periodicals, newspapers,
and other publications.
3.​ Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters, and diaries.
4.​ Unpublished theses and dissertations.
5.​ The Constitutions, and laws and statutes of the land.
6.​ Records of schools, public and private, especially reports of their activities.

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

CHAPTER III
Methods of Research and Procedures

Research Methodology

There are two types of research which can be done to develop a thesis or dissertation:

Practical Research: The practical approach consists of the empirical study of the topic
under research and chiefly consists of hands on approach. This involves first hand
research in the form of questionnaires, surveys, interviews, observations and discussion
groups.

Theoretical Research: A non empirical approach to research, this usually involves

perusal of mostly published works like researching through archives of public libraries,
court rooms and published academic journals

​ The research methodology shows the research design of the thesis. It is the
researcher’s roadmap. It discusses the projected methods for collecting and analyzing
data adhered to by the researcher in responding to the research questions.

Qualitative

This type of research methods involves describing in details specific situation using
research tools like interviews, surveys, and Observations. Qualitative Research is
primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons,
opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop
ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. Qualitative Research is also used
to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem.
Qualitative data collection methods vary using unstructured or semi-structured
techniques. Some common methods include focus groups (group discussions), individual

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

interviews, and participation/observations. The sample size is typically small, and

respondents are selected to fulfil a given quota.

Quantitative

This type of research methods requires quantifiable data involving numerical and
statistical explanations. Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of
generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into useable statistics. It is
used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables – and
generalize results from a larger sample population. Quantitative Research uses
measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research. Quantitative data
collection methods are much more structured than Qualitative data collection methods.
Quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys – online surveys,
paper surveys, mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone
interviews, longitudinal studies, website interceptors, online polls, and systematic
observations.

Correlation/Regression Analysis

This research method involves determining the strength of the relationship between two
or more variables (e.g. are violent video games correlated with aggression in children).

Meta-Analysis

This research method is useful for finding out the average impact of several different
studies on a hypothesis.

​ One of the key questions ask at this point is whether the experimental results
from the particular study truly answers the research questions. That is, did there
searcher find a solution to the problem by testing the hypothesis.
​ Methodology is often considered the core of research design. It aims to help the
readers and future researchers understand, in the broadest possible terms, the
processes involved in arriving at the research findings and conclusions as expressed in

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

the thesis vis-à-vis as a product of a scientific inquiry. To do a good research, the

methodology used should be appropriate for the problem to be addressed or
investigated.
​ This also gives the reader the specific rules for replicating the study. It contains
detailed information on how the study is conducted, the participants or the subjects of
the study, the procedures used in conducting the study, how variables are operationally
defined, and which measures are used.
​ Research methodology explains, if any, the statistical procedures, tests,
comparisons, surveys, questionnaires and any other special tools or interviewing
techniques used by the researcher in the conduct of the research study. These range of
approach used in gathering data are used as basis for inference, interpretation,
explanation, and prediction of the results gathered by the researcher at the duration of
the study. Hence, one of the considerations in writing the research methodology to
write it as exhaustively as possible, is for future researchers to be able to replicate the
study by just doing or following on what was done by the original proponent.
​ Traditionally, research methodology refers to those techniques associated with
the positivistic model – eliciting responses to predetermined questions, recording
measurements, describing phenomena and performing experiments. It may also be
taken to include not only the methods of normative research but also those associated
with the interpretive paradigms – participant observation, role-playing, non-directive
interviewing, episodes and accounts. Methods may also be taken to include the more
specific features of the scientific enterprise such as forming concepts and hypothesis,
building models and theories, and sampling procedures.
​ Research methods that use numbers will prove most convenient for summarizing
results, assessing measurement reliability and validity, testing inferences from samples
(statistical validity), and planning precise research designs with high internal validity.

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

​ At the proposal stage, this component of the thesis is written in the future tense.
However, at the final draft of the thesis, the research methodology is written in the past
tense.
​ The Research Methodology component of a thesis should be described concisely
and clearly to allow methods to be repeated and validated. Depending on the kind of
the study whether it is a qualitative study, a quantitative study, or a combination of both,
it basically has the following parts.

The Research Design

​ The research design of the thesis refers to making decisions with regard to the
specific methods and procedures adopted with regard to the specific methods and
procedures adopted by the researcher in the conduct of the research study and the
guide on how the research study is constructed and carried out.
​ The primary of the research design is to guide the researcher in the quest to
solve problems under study. The design process can be thought of as a series of
decisions; what concepts will be measured, what approach will be used to study the
problem, who will be studied, how data will be collected and analyzed, and, ultimately,
how the information collected will be presented to solve the problem.
​ Basically the research design varies depending on the research study being
conducted and the academic affiliation of the research proponent. It refers to an
integrated statement and justification for the more technical decisions adhered to by the
researcher in the planning of the research study. It may involve also but not limited to
the recording, the relating and then evaluating the decisions made. Also, careful
attention to detail is made, and a concern with the overall workability of the research
design is required.

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

The Data Collection

​ The quality of the research depends on the quality of the data collected and
analyzed. Data collection in a thesis, therefore, depends on the category of the research
study. A qualitative research and the quantitative research may differ on any number of
dimensions, but what they have in common is a need for credible data. Sources of the
data may vary, and means of accessing and gathering it may differ, but all methodologies
are reliant on data and the basic methods and tools used to collect them. The research
design needs to specify clearly the method or methods in data collection.
​ Generally, a qualitative research may defer from a quantitative research with
regard to data collection technique. Hence, greater consideration should be given to the
form or forms in which data will be collected and analyzed during the conduct of the
research. The basis for this is the alleged thin line separating quantitative and qualitative
data. Data may start out as words. They may be manipulated soon after into numbers.
May be analyzed numerically and be reported in numbers, but then be interpreted in
words. O the other hand, data may start out as words, and then be recorded, analyzed
and reported as text. Researchers have the option to use data in both forms and they
can be combined in so many different ways.
​
Data may be collected from primary and secondary sources.

●​ Primary data may be collected using the following:

​
​ Interview, as a primary source of data, refers to asking questions and listening to
individuals in order to obtain information or opinions. It may be classified into structured
interview, semi-structured interview, and open ended interview. In a structured
interview, the interviewee or the respondent is asked on a set of questions. In a
semi-structured interview, a time schedule and a set of questions may be followed, but
the interviewer may also ask follow-up questions to probe as needed for additional

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

information. While in an open-ended interview, the interviewer engages in an informal

conversation asking about events or perhaps even opinions or insights from the
respondent.
​
​ Focus Group Discussion (FGD) – involves interviewing several participants
simultaneously. It is a panel of people, lead by a trained moderator or by the researcher,
who meet for 90 minutes to 2 hours. The facilitator or researcher uses group dynamics
in guiding the group through their exchange of ideas, feelings, and experiences on a
specific topic. Typically the FGD is made up of six to ten respondents. Too small or too
large group results in less effective participation. The facilitator or researcher introduces
the topic and encourages the group to discuss it among themselves. Following a topical
guide, the researcher steers the discussion to ensure that all the relevant information
needed for the study is considered by the group. The researcher should be sensitive
enough to keep individuals from dominating the conversation; and, also to keep the FGD
going.

​ Survey – refers to an investigation of a phenomenon or a problem by asking a

wide array of people questions through the use of questionnaires either by mail, phone,
or face-to-face interview in order to obtain information or opinions to collect data. A
good survey is potential to (a) reach a large number of respondents (b) represent larger
population (c) generate standardized, quantifiable and empirical data (d) generate
qualitative data through open-ended questions.

​ Direct Observation – such as those made at formal meetings, during informal

conversations, and those of people doing routine work, can be another important source
of data. It provides evidence on the extent to which something is in fact being
implemented. Observation is an important part of the empirical process of triangulating
what people say they do (as in the observation of their behavior). This process of

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ST. CLARE COLLEGE OF CALOOCAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL DOCUMENT REQUEST & PROCESSING SYSTEM AT TERTIARY DEPARTMENT AT ST. CLARE COLLEGE
OF CALOOCAN

checking often turns up considerable discrepancies between what participants do and

what they say they do.

​ Participants Observation – this involves actually gaining access into a setting and
getting up close to the members of a group or an organization such that one can observe
and interview them to determine how they participate in and make meaning of their
social cultural situations. Participants observation allows one to note participants
behavior I actual settings as opposed to what they might say in retrospect on a survey or
what they might intend to do.

●​ Secondary data may be collected through the following:

Documents – relevant documents may include memos, letters, meeting agenda and
minutes, written reports and evaluations, and newspaper coverage. Getting access to
documents, findings out where they are kept, and verifying their authenticity and
accuracy are important parts of the data collection process. Document are typically ot
produced for research purposes; therefore, they might be fragmentary, might not fit the
purposes of the research, and/or might be difficult to authenticate.

​ Archival Records – related to organizational documents are various types of

archival records. These may include personnel records, budget records, previous survey
data, maps, and various organizational charts. These may be relevant in some case

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