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Java Console Input and Output Basics

The document provides an overview of console input and output in Java, focusing on the use of System.out.println for output and the Scanner class for input. It explains the differences between println and print methods, how to import packages, and the various methods available in the Scanner class for reading different types of input. Additionally, it highlights potential pitfalls when mixing input methods and emphasizes the importance of prompting users for input.

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Noor Aldeen Alawad
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14 views20 pages

Java Console Input and Output Basics

The document provides an overview of console input and output in Java, focusing on the use of System.out.println for output and the Scanner class for input. It explains the differences between println and print methods, how to import packages, and the various methods available in the Scanner class for reading different types of input. Additionally, it highlights potential pitfalls when mixing input methods and emphasizes the importance of prompting users for input.

Uploaded by

Noor Aldeen Alawad
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Console Input and Output

Slides based on “Absolute Java,” by Walter Savitch (3rd


edition), Pearson Addison-Wesley
[Link] for console output

• [Link] is an object that is part of the Java


language
• println is a method invoked by the
[Link] object that can be used for
console output
– The data to be output is given as an argument in
parentheses
– A plus sign is used to connect more than one item
– Every invocation of println ends a line of output
[Link]("The answer is " + 42);

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-2


println Versus print
• Another method that can be invoked by the
[Link] object is print
• The print method is like println, except
that it does not end a line
– With println, the next output goes on a new
line
– With print, the next output goes on the same
line

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-3


Importing Packages and Classes
• Libraries in Java are called packages
– A package is a collection of classes that is stored in a manner that
makes it easily accessible to any program
– In order to use a class that belongs to a package, the class must be
brought into a program using an import statement
– Classes found in the package [Link] are imported automatically
into every Java program
import [Link];
// import theNumberFormat class only
import [Link].*;
//import all the classes in package [Link]

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-4


Console Input Using the Scanner Class

• Starting with version 5.0, Java includes a class for doing simple
keyboard input named the Scanner class
• In order to use the Scanner class, a program must include
the following line near the start of the file:
import [Link]
• This statement tells Java to
– Make the Scanner class available to the program
– Find the Scanner class in a library of classes (i.e., Java package)
named [Link]

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-5


Console Input Using the Scanner Class

• The following line creates an object of the class


Scanner and names the object keyboard :
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner([Link]);
• Although a name like keyboard is often used, a
Scanner object can be given any name
– For example, in the following code the Scanner object is
named scannerObject
Scanner scannerObject = new Scanner([Link]);
• Once a Scanner object has been created, a program
can then use that object to perform keyboard input using
methods of the Scanner class

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-6


Console Input Using the Scanner Class

• The method nextInt reads one int value typed in at


the keyboard and assigns it to a variable:
int numberOfPods = [Link]();
• The method nextDouble reads one double value
typed in at the keyboard and assigns it to a variable:
double d1 = [Link]();
• Multiple inputs must be separated by whitespace and
read by multiple invocations of the appropriate method
– Whitespace is any string of characters, such as blank spaces, tabs,
and line breaks that print out as white space

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-7


Console Input Using the Scanner Class

• The method next reads one string of non-whitespace


characters delimited by whitespace characters such as
blanks or the beginning or end of a line
• Given the code
String word1 = [Link]();
String word2 = [Link]();
and the input line
jelly beans
The value of word1 would be jelly, and the value of
word2 would be beans

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-8


Console Input Using the Scanner Class

• The method nextLine reads an entire line of keyboard input


• The code,
String line = [Link]();
reads in an entire line and places the string that is read into the
variable line
• The end of an input line is indicated by the escape sequence '\n'
– This is the character input when the Enter key is pressed
– On the screen it is indicated by the ending of one line and the beginning
of the next line
• When nextLine reads a line of text, it reads the '\n' character, so
the next reading of input begins on the next line
– However, the '\n' does not become part of the string value returned
(e.g., the string named by the variable line above does not end with
the '\n' character)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-9


Keyboard Input Demonstration
(Part 1 of 2)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-10


Keyboard Input Demonstration
(Part 2 of 2)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-11


Another Keyboard Input Demonstration (Part 1
of 3)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-12


Another Keyboard Input Demonstration (Part 2
of 3)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-13


Another Keyboard Input Demonstration (Part 3
of 3)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-14


Pitfall: Dealing with the Line Terminator, '\n'

• The method nextLine of the class Scanner reads the


remainder of a line of text starting wherever the last keyboard
reading left off
• This can cause problems when combining it with different methods
for reading from the keyboard such as nextInt
• Given the code,
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner([Link]);
int n = [Link]();
String s1 = [Link]();
String s2 = [Link]();
and the input,
2
Heads are better than
1 head.
what are the values of n, s1, and s2?

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-15


Pitfall: Dealing with the Line Terminator, '\n'

• Given the code and input on the previous slide


n will be equal to "2",
s1 will be equal to "", and
s2 will be equal to "heads are better than"
• If the following results were desired instead
n equal to "2",
s1 equal to "heads are better than", and
s2 equal to "1 head"
then an extra invocation of nextLine would be
needed to get rid of the end of line character ('\n')

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-16


Methods in the Class Scanner
(Part 1 of 3)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-17


Methods in the Class Scanner
(Part 2 of 3)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-18


Methods in the Class Scanner
(Part 3 of 3)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-19


Programming Tip: Prompt for
Input
• A program should always prompt the user
when he or she needs to input some data:
[Link](
"Enter the number of pods followed by");
[Link](
"the number of peas in a pod:");

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 2-20

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