5 ARITHMETIC

PROGRESSION
a group group is term
number a
called numbers by 6
e.g., terms =
thethe a n
of
commondifference, terms
is in numbers. difference
of
law,e.g.,numbers of progressions. of PROGRESSION
pattern decrement of
certain
sequence, a number
of by the common
of order decreases
the order the is
the
INTEGER =2,
the then called number =d
following particular
ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION the ARITHMETIC
indicates 64 12
of the called difference =
termsSo [Link] are or 2=2+10
common or
PROGRESSION term. (-) patterns increases POSITIVEn 4-2 2
orderthe
or
series. the is sign
(3-1)
d=a+
(2-1)
d=a+ d=a+(4-1) 1)x
-1)d
d Common
Unit-I| as previous
particular
a
form (+) are This by 'd=+2
Constant. d=+7d=-2 d=-d
d=+d
AN = (6-x
known a certain term denoted
progression . d (n + 2+5
by ....is and +
difference
Progression. OF ANY 6,.. a 2
numbers
seperated each increment and d == =
arethe +
follow TERM
IS l) 4, Th T%
a than 10 = generally a - term,
in groups which Tn+1-Th n = =a+2d 2,
=a+3d =a+(n series common
arrangedthe + and
terms -3d,.... isTi+d
WHERE
more are 8 Arithmetic nTH =a
+ series in 3d, the nth
the Thus +6 A.P.
2 sequence whose series difference, + THE term the
i.e., indicates term =2,
of is 4 25... a a an term of
numbers, term
elements law.
+ sequence, 10,.. 2d,
2d,
term,
sequencesThecalled 7,... FINDINGof SecondFourth T,= nth
term term a
certain 2 + - term Third term
....achof e.g.,
: constant18, 12,a a constant
-d,sign numbers.
terms previous 5, d, 6th
of The Progression
series, Generally
is
Definition
continuously 3, 11, 14, + a firstTT== =
Illustration
1 first
Sequence
GroupSeauence.
the
the Those
1, 4, 16, a
a, a, +' T3 T4 the
Here
8, This Here Then Solution
Find
[Link] Series a
If called its (i) (ii) (iüi)(iv)(v) Let
and
9 ie
80 SBPD Publications Business Mathematics and Statistics
2d
3
T6 =a + (6 1)d
17=a+5d
2d 5d Putting a=d from eqn. (i)
17= 3
17d
17 =
3

d= 17 x3 =3
17

By equation (i) and (iiüi), a=x3=2

.. a= 2, and d =3
Le., A.P. is 2, 5, 8, 11,...
EXERCISE 5(A)
[Ans. 0, - 26)
of the series 10, 8, 6, 4,.....
1. Find the 6th and 19th term [Ans. T= 4n -1, T10 =39]
term of theseries 3, 7, 11, 15,....
2. Find the 10th and nth [Ans. Tn =4-3n, T31 =89]
-8,....
3. Find the 31st and nth terms of the series 1, - 2, - 5,
12 4
4. Findthe 12th term ofthe series 1,.... [Ans. 4)
23 17-5n
2,-...
5. Find the 8th and nth terms ofthe series 63 2 Ans. 6 6

[Ans. 19th]
6. Which term of the A. P.1, 4, 7,..is 55? [Ans. 49th]
7. Which term of theA. P. 7, 10, 13,.. is 151? [Ans. 13th
8. Which term cf the series 99 + 92+ 85 +.... is 15? [Ans. 27th)
9. Which term of the A. P5, 14, 23,... is 239?
JAns. Not a term)
10. Is 128 a term of the series 6 + 11 + 16 +...?
Find the series and its 20th
11. The 9th and 19th terms of aseries in A. P. are respectively 35 and 75.[Ans. 3, 7, 11,..., T20 = 79]
term.
term is -5. [Ans. - 1]
12. Find the common difference of an A. P. whose first term is 5 and 11th
and the A. P.
13. If the 11th term of an A. P. is 44 and 16th term is 19, find the 20th term
[Ans. T20 =-1; A. P. :94, 89, 84,.
7,., 51. [Ans. 27]
14. Find the middle term of the arithmetic progression 3, 5, [Alus. k = 8]
15. Find the value of k if 5, k, 11 are in A. P.
TO FIND THE SUM OFn TERMS OF AN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
If number of terms of a progression is finite, then sum of its first n terms
Sna + (a +d) + (a+ 2d) +...+ la + (n - 1)d]
-2a
2 +(n - 1)d]
Simply we use S in place of Sn
Proof : Let l be the last term.
S, =a +(a +d) + (a +2d) +t...+ (l 2d)+(l-d) +!
Write the terms in reverse order,
Sn =l+(l-d) +(l- 2d) +..+ (a +2d) +(a +d) +a
Now adding these two series,
2S, =(a +l) +(a+)+(a +l) +.+t (a +) +(a +l) +(a +l)
= n(a +l), wheren = number of terms.
Sn= 2 (a +), where l=a +(n - l) d ...(1)
 Statistics
82 SBPD Publications Business Mathematics and

S; 2a +(n- 1
-2x6+ (n - 1) x36)
(10+36n - 36)
13)
(36n - 26) =n(18n -

Sum of 2n terms of second A.P. S)(2x 36 +(21 - 1) x5)

72+ 10n-5)
n[67 + 10n]
According to question, S1=S2
n(18n - 13) =n (67+ 10n)
18n -13 = 67+10n
18n - 10n =67+ 13
8n = 80 n = 10
Illustration 13
to 100.
Find the sum of odd numbers from 5
Solution both the limits) are 5, 7, 9, ...,99
Odd numbers betweeD 5and 100 (including
common difference d= 2
Here, first term a = 5,
Th =a+ (n -1)d
99 =5 +(n-1) x2
99 = 5 + 2n-2
99 2n +3
2n = 99 -3=96
96
n= -=48
2

Therefore, S, = 2x 5+ (48- 1) x 2] = 24 [10 + 47 x 2]

2
= 24 (10 +94)
= 24 x 104 = 2496
EXERCISE 5(B)
1. Find the sum of the following series: [Ans. 1457]
(i) 2 + 5 +8+.... upto 31 terms.
Ans. 714
(iü) -6-2+2 +.... upto 21 terms.
[Ans. 672
(ii) 3 +3+9 +15 +.... upto 16 terms.
(iv) 25 29
7 38LL,..... upto 12 terms. [Ans. 172
(v) V3 +V3 (1-V3) + v3 (1-2 v3) +...upto 21 terms. [Ans. 21 (3 30)
(vi) 3+7+ 10 +... upto 17 terms. Ans.
1071
2

(vii) 2+3+5+6 2 +...upto 25 terms. [Ans. 500)

2. Find the sum of the following series :
(i) 4, 7, 10,.., 148. [Ans. n= 49, S = 3724)
(ii) 72 + 70 + 68 + ...+ 40. [Ans. S = 952)
(iü) 2+3 +5+6 +8+9+....+(3n - 1) + (3n). Ans. n (3n + 2)
 Findthe sum of the
Arithmetie Progression 83
3.) 1-3-7- 11.. following series upto nterma:
() 8+3-2-7... Ans. n (3n- 2n)]
the sumn of all the odd |Ans. (21 -bn)
4. Find integers between 100
Findthe sum of all the even integers between 101land 300. Ans. 200001
Findthe sum of all the and 999.
6. natural numbers between 10 and 200 which are divisible(Ans.
by 7.
246950]

sum of all numbers (Ans. 2,835]

7 Find the between 200 and 550 which are divisible by 9. [Ans, 14742|
8. How many integers between 10 and 100 are divisible by 3 ? Solve by a formula. Ans. n= 30)
Nnd the sum of allintegers between 100 and 400 which are divisible by 7. [Ans. S43
Bind the sum of all even integers between 100 and 800 which are divisible by 6.
=10,836)
[Ans. S=52650]
.. Bndthe sum of all natural numbers between 500 and 1.000 which are divisible by 13.
[Ans. 28405]
12 Find the sum of all natural numbers between 100 and 300 [(a) including both of these, and (b)
excluding both of these] :
() Which are exactly divisble by 4.
() Which are exactly divisible by 5.
(i) Which are exactly divisible by 4 and 5.
(iv) Which are exactly divisible by 4 or 5. (iv) 15,800]
[Ans. (a) () 10,200, (ii) 8,200, (iii) 2,200, (iv) 16,200, (b)(i) 9,800 (ii) 7,800, (iii) 1,800,
9.
13. Find the sum of all odd numbers of 4 digits which are divisible by[Ans. n =500, Sn = 2754000]
TERMS AND SUM
PROBLEMS RELATED WITH NUMBER OF
Ilustration 14 is 36 ?
terms of the progression 15, 12, 9,.. should be taken so that their sumn
How many
Interpret the double answer.
Solution difference d =-3
First term a =15 and Common
Here, Sum of n terms = 36
Let
Sn =, 2a +(n - 1)d]
n

.By the formula,

36=(2x15 + (n - 1) (-3)]
+3)
36 x 2 =n (30- 3n
72 = 33n-3n2
3n-33n + 72 =0
ac n t (divide by 3)
o
n- 11n+ 24 =0
n-8n-3n +24 =0
- 8) =0
n (n- 8) -3 (n 3) =0
(n-8) (n -
n=8 or n= 3
Therefore, the
Expl*:Sum
anation
of
of Double Answer
first three terms is 36
last five terms is zero, L.e,
as well as the sum
=
of
36
15 + 12 +9 =(-3)
first eight terms is 36, it means

three terms
Sum of first five terms 6+3 + 0 + + (-6) =0
and Sum of last
 SBPD Publications Business
Mathematics and Statistics
.:. By eqn. (),
(8- 1) d= 49
7d=49
49
d 7
7

EXERCISE 5(C)
1. How many terms of the series 42, 36, 30....amount to 150?
2. How many terms of the series 2 + 4 +6+.... amount to 42? (Ans. 10or 5
3. How many terms of the series 17, 15, 13,.... amount to 72?
(Ans.
(Ans.
6 or
6)
12
4. What is the number of terms in the series 5, 7,9,... if its sum is 1,020?
5. How many terms of the series 30, 27, 24,......ust be taken so that the surn may (Ans. n=301
be 156?
(Ans. n=8 or 13)
6. The sum upto n terms of an A. P. is 48, first term is 20 and common difference ig - 4. Find the
number of terms. [Ans. n =3 or 8
7. The sum of the series in A. P. is 40. the common difference is 2 and the last term is 13. Find
the first term and the number of terms in the series. (Ans. a =n=6
8. Given n = 12,l=71, d=3 in an A. P., find a and S. [Ans. a = 38, S = 654|
9. The last term of aseries in A.P. is 40, the sum is 952 and the common difference is -2. Find the
first term and the number of terms in the series. [Ans. a=12, n = 17
10. The sum of n terms of the series 25, 22, 19, 16,...is 116. Find the number of terms and the lagt
term. [Ans. n=8, Tg= 4
11. In an A. P, the sum of nterms,common difference and last term are 136, 4 and 31 respectively
Find the value of n. (Ans. n = 8
12. How many terms of the series 5 +7+9+...must be taken in order that the sum may be 480 ?
[Ans. n =20|
SOME SERIES RELATED TO FIRST n NATURAL NUMBERS
Theorem :(i) Sum of first n natural number (n) t)
2

i.e., 1+2+3+....+n = n(n+1)

2

(1) Sum of squares of first n natural numbers Sy 2_n (n +1)6 (2n + 1)

i.e., 1'+2+32+...*n2_n(n+1) (2n + 1)

6
2
(iüi) Sum of cuber of first n natural numbers n Jn (n +1)|

i.e.,l
(iv) Sum of fourth power of first n natural number
n(n +1)(27n + 1)(3n+ 3n - 1)
30

i.e., 1+2 +34+..+n4 nn +1)(2n +301)\(3n+3n -1)

Illustration 21
Find the sum of the series whose nth term Tn = 2n + 3n +n.
Solution
S= T,= 2n +3En+ En
 n n (n +1)
2
:. Sum of n terms

In(n +1)(2n +1) + 1nn +1)

6 2 2
n(n + 1)(2n +1)+ 3n(n + 1)
12
n(n +1) (2n + 1+3)_n(n + 1)(n + 2)
12 6
Illustration 24
Find the nth term and sum upto n terms of the following series :
1.2 +3.4+ 5.6 +7.8 +..
Solution
Clearly, nth term of the series = (nth term of 1, 3, 5, 7,....) x (nth termof 2, 4, 6, 8,..)
Th = (1 +(n-1) x 2) x (2+ (n - 1) x 2)
= (2n - 1) x2n =4n'-2n
Sn = Th = X(4n- 2n) = 4En- 2En
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 2n(n + 1)
Sn = 4 2
6
2n(n + 1)(2n + 1)_ nn + 1)
3
2n(n +1)(2n + 1) -3n(n +1)
3
n(n + 1) (2 (2n + 1) 3)
3
=
n(n +1) (4n - 1)
3
EXERCISE 5(D)
1. Find the nth term and sum upto n terms of the following series :
1+(1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) +.... |Ans. T, = n(n+
2
), Sn =nln + 1)(n
6
+ 2)

2. Find out the sumi'+2 +3+....t n". n(n + 1)(2n + 1)

6
3. Find the sum of the following series upto n terms :
(i) 1+5 + 11 + 19 +...
Ans., (n+3n - 1)
(ii) 2+ 6+ 12 +20 +... n(n+ 1)(n +2)
Ans. 3
(iii) 1+ 9+ 24 + 46 +.... |Ans. nn + 1)(7n-4)
6
(iv) 22 +5+8² +11 +..... n(6n +3n - 1)
Ans.
2
(v) 1° +33+5° +7° +... [Ans. n² (2n- 1)
 Arithmetic Progression 89

4. Find the sum of the following series upton terms :

(i) 1.2.3+ 2.3.5 +3.4.7 +... [Ans. (n +1'(n +2)
Gi) 1.3.5. +3.5.7. +5.7.9. t... [Ans. n(n +2) (2n+ 4n-1))
Gü) 1.2.3. + 2.3.4. + 3.4.5. +.... [Ans. n (n + 1)(n +2\(n +3))
5. Eind the sum of the series whose nth term is 12n-6n +5. [Ans. Sn = n(4n +3n +4)]
6Find the series whose rth term is :
() 2r-1 (ü) 2r + 1 (iv) 3r 1
Also find the sum of the series for n terms.

Ans. () n², (i) n² +2n, (ii) 26 n (ov) 1 +3n)

ARITHMETIC MEAN
When three quantities a, A, b are in A.P. Then A is called the arithmetic mean of a and b.
A-a=b -A (Common difference)
2A =a+b
a+b
A=
2
Illustration 25
If three quantities a, b and c are in A. P., then prove that
a+c
A. M., b=
2
Solution
.a, b, c are in A.P.
b-a=c-b=d= Common difference
2b = a +c
62tc
2
Note: More than one (say n) arithmetic means can be found between a and b, in that case number of terms in
the series will be (n + 2).
Illustration 26
Find n arithmetic means betweena and b. Insert n number of terms between a and b such
that the whole series thus formed shall be in A. P]
Solution
Here, a = first term and b= (n+2)th term
Let Common difference = d
b=a+(n +2-1)d
d= b-a
n+1
:. Required arithmetic means are :
b-a 2(6-a) n(b - a)
n+1 n+1

Illustration 27
Insert 6 arithmetic means between two quantities 3 and 31.
Solution
We have to find 6 arithmetic means between 3 and 31
Number of terms = 6 + 2 = 8
 Ifd be the common difference
Th =a+(n - 1d
T8 =3 + (8 - 1d
31=3 7d
7d =31 -3= 28
28 4
d= 7

.Arithmetic means are

3 +4, 3 + 8,3+ 12, 3+ 16, 3
+ 20, 3 + 24
7,11, 16, 19, 23, 27
Illustration 28
between 1 and 100 such that third mean :eighth mean
Ifn arithmetic means be inserted
2:5, find the value of n.
Solution a- first term = 1
Here
100 = (n +2)th term
(n+ 1)d
=a +(n +2-1)d =1 +
99
d= n+1
3x 99 (n+ 1) +297
Now, Third mean = 4th term =a+3d=1+ n+1 n+l
8x 99 (n+ 1) + 792
Eighth mean= 9th term =a+ 8d =1+ n+1 n+1

According to question, 2
Third mean (n +1)+ 297
Eighth mean (n +1) +792 5
5n +5 + 1485 = 2n +2+ 1584
3n = 96 ’ n=32
EXERCISE 5(E)
1. Insert an arithmetic mean between (p ) and (p +). [Ans. p)
2. Insert an arithmetic mean between 3
and8.n Ans. or 5.5

3. Insert 5 arithmetic means between 5 and 2. 7 5

Ans. 43,
4. Insert 11 arithmetic means between 1 and 25. [Ans. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23]
5. There are n arithmetic means between 20 and 80 such that first mean : 1ast mean=1:3, find n.
[Ans. n= 11]
QUESTIONS
(A)Long Answer Type Questions
1. What is Arithmetic Progression? To find the sum of nterms of an arithmetic progression.L
2. What is Arithmetic mean ? Give the two illustrations of it.
(B)Short Answer Type Questions
1. Find the 10th term of the sequence 10, 5, 0, -5, -10, ....