during the positive half cycle diode D1 gets forward biased and conducts

while diode D2 gets reverse biased and does not conduct.

Hence during positive half cycle an output current and output voltage across
RL is obtained.

During second half of the cycle when voltage at A becomes negative with
respect to centre tap, the voltage at B would be positive hence D1 would not ½
conduct but D2 would be giving an output current and output voltage.
We get output voltage in both positive and negative half cycles.

1 3
29. (i) (B) The internal resistance of a cell decreases with the decrease in 1
temperature of the electrolyte.
(ii) (B) 2.8 V 1
(iii) (A)   V  V  0 1
(iv) (a) (D) 0.2A
OR
(b) (A) 1.0
1 4
30. (i) Since no option is correct, award 1 mark to all students. 1
(ii) (D) 800 nm 1
3
(iii) (a) (A)
2
OR
4
(b) (B) sin-1  5  1

(iv) (A) sin-1 n2 1 1 4

31.
(i) Obtaining expression for electric potential 3
(a)
(ii) Finding the value of n 2

(i)

Potential due to the dipole is the sum of potentials due to charges q and -q

½
55/2/1 Page 10 of 16
 1 q q
V    -----------------------------------(1)
4 0  r1 r2 
By geometry
r12  r 2  a 2  2ar cos 
½
r22  r 2  a 2  2ar cos 
For r >> a, retaining terms only up to first order in a/r
2  2a cos  a 2 
r  r 2 1 
1
 r
 2
r 
 2a cos  
 r 2 1  
 r 
Similarly ½
2  2a cos  
r 2
 r 2 1 
 r


Using the binomial theorem and retaining terms up to the first order in a/r
1/ 2
1 1  2a cos  
 1  
r1 r  r 
1  a cos  
 1   -------------------------------------(2)
r r 
1/ 2
1 1  1  2a cos  
   ------------------------------(3)
r2 r  r  ½
1  a cos  
 1  
r r 
Using eqn. (1) (2), (3) and p = 2qa
q 2a cos 
V 
4 0 r2 ½
p cos 

4 0 r 2

Alternatively –

r2  r  a cos  ½
r1  r  a cos 
q 1 1
V   
4 0  r1 r2 
½
q  1 1 
V   
4 0  r  a cos  r  a cos  
q  2a cos   ½
  
4 0  r 2  a 2 cos 2  

55/2/1 Page 11 of 16
  
p  cos  
  
4 0 r 2  a
2

 1  2 cos 
2

 r  ½
2
a
For r>>a, neglecting
r2
P cos  ½
V=
4 0 r 2
(ii) Consider the side of equilateral triangle as „a‟
kq1q2 kq2 q3 kq1q3
Potential energy = U=   ½
a a a
According to question
k (q )(2q ) k (2q )(nq ) k (q )(n q )
U   0 ½
a a a
2q 2 2nq 2 n q 2
   0
a a a
2  2n  n  0 ½
3n  2
2
n
3
OR
(i) Statement of Gauss‟s Law 1
(b)
Obtaining expression for electric field 2
(ii) Finding net force on electron 2
1
q
(i) Electric Flux through a closed surface is equal to , where q is the total
0
q
charge enclosed by the surface.  
0
Alternatively
1
The surface integral of electric field over a closed surface is times the total
0
charge enclosed by the surface.
q
 [Link]   0

(Award ½ mark for writing the formula only.)

(Gaussian surface can be cylindrical also)

As seen from figure, only two faces 1 and 2 will contribute to the flux. ½
Flux [Link] through both the surfaces is equal and add up.

55/2/1 Page 12 of 16
 The charge enclosed by surface is  A , where  is surface charge density
According to Gauss‟s theorem
2 EA   A /  0 ½
E   / 2 0

E nˆ where nˆ is unit vector directed normally out of the plane ½
2 0

 
(ii) E  r
2 0 r
According to question
1
E1 (at point P) 
2 0 r1
10 106 ½
E ( ˆj ) N / C
2 0 (10 102 )
2
E2 (at point P) 
2 0 r2
20 106
E ( ˆj ) N / C ½
2 0 (20 102 )
10 106  1 2 
Enet     ( ˆj ) N / C
2 0  0.1 0.2 
 3.6 106 ( ˆj) N / C ½
Fnet  q  Enet
F   1.6 1019  3.6 106 ( ˆj) N
 5.76 1013 N ( ˆj) ½ 5
32.
(a) (i) Showing helical path 1½
Obtaining frequency of revolution 1½
(ii) Finding magnetic moment of electron 2

v  = vsin is perpendicular to Band

v =vcos is parallel to B
Due to v  the charge describes circular path and v pushes it in the direction
of B . Therefore under the combined effect of two components the charged
particle describes helical path, as shown in the figure. 1
The centripetal force

55/2/1 Page 13 of 16
mv 2
 B qv ½
r
Bqr
v  (v  v sin  ) ½
m
2 r
Time period = T 
v
2 m
=
Bq
1 Bq ½
frequency v  
T 2 m

(ii) Magnetic moment m  I A

e
I  ev
T ½
 1.6 1019  8 1014
4
= 1.28 10 A ½
4
M  1.28  10  3.14  (2  10 10 2
) ½
 5.12 10 24
Am  1.6 10
2 23
Am2 ½
OR
(b)
(i) Definition of current sensitivity 1
Showing dependence of current sensitivity & explanation 1+1
(ii) Calculation of resistance 2
(ii) Finding magnetic moment of electron 2
(i) Deflection produced per unit current is called its current sensitivity.
 NBA 1
IS  
I K
Current sensitivity can be increased by
(a) increasing number of turns in coil
(b) increasing area of coil in magnetic field 1
(c) decreasing K (Torsional Constant)
(any one)
 NBA
Vs  
V KR
If current sensitivity is increased by increasing number of turns of the coil, the
resistance of the galvanometer will also increase. Thus voltage sensitivity 1
may not increase.
(ii) V  IG ( R  G)
V
R G ½
IG
100
  15
20 103 ½
 5000 15
 4985 ½
By connecting 4985 in series with galvanometer it is converted to voltmeter
of range (0-100V) ½ 5

55/2/1 Page 14 of 16
33. (a)
(i) Two differences between interference pattern and 2
diffraction pattern
(ii) Intensity distribution graph 1
(iii) Finding intensity of light 2

(i)
Interference Diffraction
1 Bands are equally spaced Bands are not equally spaced.
2 Intensity of bright bands is same. Intensity of maxima decreases on
either side of central maxima. 1+1
3 First maxima is at an angle  / a First minima is at an angle  / a

(ii)

(iii) Path difference ()  

2


  2 ½

I  4 I 0 cos 2
2
K  4 I 0 cos 2   4I 0
½

Path difference 
6
  /3
½

I  4 I 0 cos 2
6
3
 4I 0 
4
3
= K ½
4

OR
(b)
(i) Drawing labeled ray diagram 1
Derivation of magnifying power 2
(iii) Finding magnifying power 2

55/2/1 Page 15 of 16
(i)

The magnification obtained

 D ½
by eye-piece lens me  1  
 fe 
v0 ½
The magnification obtained by objective lens m0 
u 0
Hence the total magnifying power is ½
m  m0  me
v0  D ½
 1  
u0  fe 
f0
(ii) m 
fe 1
Identification of focal length of objective and eyepiece
f 0  100cm
f e  5cm
½
100
m  20
5
½ 5

55/2/1 Page 16 of 16
 Marking Scheme
Strictly Confidential
(For Internal and Restricted use only)
Senior School Certificate Examination, 2024
SUBJECT- PHYSICS (CODE 55/2/3)
General Instructions: -

1 You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct assessment of
the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious problems which may affect the
future of the candidates, education system and teaching profession. To avoid mistakes, it is requested
that before starting evaluation, you must read and understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully.

2 “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of the

examinations conducted, Evaluation done and several other aspects. Its’ leakage to public in
any manner could lead to derailment of the examination system and affect the life and future of
millions of candidates. Sharing this policy/document to anyone, publishing in any magazine
and printing in News Paper/Website etc. may invite action under various rules of the Board
and IPC.”

3 Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not be done
according to one‟s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking Scheme should be strictly
adhered to and religiously followed. However, while evaluating, answers which are based on
latest information or knowledge and/or are innovative, they may be assessed for their
correctness otherwise and due marks be awarded to them. In class-X, while evaluating two
competency-based questions, please try to understand given answer and even if reply is not
from marking scheme but correct competency is enumerated by the candidate, due marks
should be awarded.

4 The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers
These are in the nature of Guidelines only and do not constitute the complete answer. The students
can have their own expression and if the expression is correct, the due marks should be awarded
accordingly.

5 The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each evaluator on the
first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the instructions given in the Marking
Scheme. If there is any variation, the same should be zero after delibration and discussion. The
remaining answer books meant for evaluation shall be given only after ensuring that there is no
significant variation in the marking of individual evaluators.

6 Evaluators will mark ( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer CROSS „X” be marked.
Evaluators will not put right (✓) while evaluating which gives an impression that answer is correct
and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which evaluators are committing.

7 If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks awarded for
different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the left-hand margin and
encircled. This may be followed strictly.

8 If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin and encircled.
This may also be followed strictly.

9 If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more marks should be

55/2/3 Page 1 of 16
 1 3
29. (i) Since no option is correct, award 1 mark to all students. 1
(ii) (D) 800 nm 1
3
(iii) (a) (A)
2
OR
4 1
(b) (B) sin-1  5 

(iv) (A) sin-1 n2 1 1 4

30. (i) (B) The internal resistance of a cell decreases with the decrease in 1
temperature of the electrolyte.
(ii) (B) 2.8 V 1
(iii) (A)   V  V  0 1
(iv) (a) (D) 0.2A
OR
(b) (A) 1.0 1 4
31. (a)
(i) Two differences between interference pattern and diffraction pattern 2
(ii) Intensity distribution graph 1
(iii) Finding intensity of light 2

(i)

Interference Diffraction
1 Bands are equally spaced Bands are not equally spaced.
2 Intensity of bright bands is same. Intensity of maxima decreases on 1+1
either side of central maxima.
3 First maxima is at an angle  / a First minima is at an angle  / a

(ii)

(iii) Path difference ()  

55/2/3 Page 10 of 16
 2 ½


  2

I  4 I 0 cos 2
2
K  4 I 0 cos   4I 0
2
½

Path difference 
6
  /3

I  4 I 0 cos 2
6 ½
3
 4I 0 
4
3
= K
4 ½
OR
(b)
(i) Drawing labeled ray diagram 1
Derivation of magnifying power 2
(iii) Finding magnifying power 2

(i)

 D
The magnification obtained by eye-piece lens me  1   ½
 fe 
v
The magnification obtained by objective lens m0  0
u 0
½
Hence the total magnifying power is
m  m0  me
½
v  D
 0 1  
u0  fe  ½
f0
(ii) m 
fe 1
Identification of focal length of objective and eyepiece
f 0  100cm
½
f e  5cm
100
m  20
5 ½ 5

55/2/3 Page 11 of 16
32.
(i) Obtaining expression for electric potential 3
(a)
(ii) Finding the value of n 2

(i)

Potential due to the dipole is the sum of potentials due to charges q and -q
1 q q
V    -----------------------------------(1) ½
4 0  r1 r2 
By geometry
r12  r 2  a 2  2ar cos 
r22  r 2  a 2  2ar cos 
½
For r >> a, retaining terms only up to first order in a/r
2 2  2a cos  a 2 
r1  r  1 
r
 2
r 
 2a cos  
 r 2 1  
 r 
Similarly
2  2a cos  
r 2
 r 2 1 
 r

 ½
Using the binomial theorem and retaining terms up to the first order in a/r
1/ 2
1 1  2a cos  
 1  
r1 r  r 
1  a cos  
 1   -------------------------------------(2)
r r 
1/ 2
1 1  1  2a cos  
   ------------------------------(3)
r2 r  r 
1  a cos  
 1  
r r  ½
Using eqn. (1) (2), (3) and p = 2qa
q 2a cos 
V 
4 0 r2
p cos 
 ½
4 0 r 2

Alternatively –

55/2/3 Page 12 of 16
 r2  r  a cos 
r1  r  a cos 
q 1 1
½
V   
4 0  r1 r2 
q  1 1 
V   
4 0  r  a cos  r  a cos   ½
q  2a cos  
  
4 0  r 2  a 2 cos 2  
  ½
p  cos  
  
4 0 r 
2
a
2

 1  2 cos 
2
 ½
 r 
2
a
For r>>a, neglecting
r2
P cos 
V= ½
4 0 r 2
(ii) Consider the side of equilateral triangle as „a‟
kq1q2 kq2 q3 kq1q3
Potential energy = U=   ½
a a a
According to question
k (q )(2q ) k (2q )(nq ) k (q )(n q )
U   0 ½
a a a
2q 2 2nq 2 n q 2
   0
a a a
2  2n  n  0
½
3n  2
2
n ½
3
OR
(i) Statement of Gauss‟s Law 1
(b)
Obtaining expression for electric field 2
(ii) Finding net force on electron 2

q
(i) Electric Flux through a closed surface is equal to , where q is the total
0
q 1
charge enclosed by the surface.  
0
Alternatively
1
The surface integral of electric field over a closed surface is times the total
0
charge enclosed by the surface.
q
 [Link]   0

(Award ½ mark for writing the formula only.)

55/2/3 Page 13 of 16
 ½

(Gaussian surface can be cylindrical also)

As seen from figure, only two faces 1 and 2 will contribute to the flux.
Flux [Link] through both the surfaces is equal and add up. ½
The charge enclosed by surface is  A , where  is surface charge density
According to Gauss‟s theorem
2 EA   A /  0 ½
E   / 2 0
½

E nˆ where nˆ is unit vector directed normally out of the plane
2 0

 
(ii) E  r
2 0 r
According to question
1
E1 (at point P) 
2 0 r1
10 106
 ( ˆj ) N / C ½
2 0 (10 102 )
2
E2 (at point P) 
2 0 r2
20 106 ½
 ( ˆj ) N / C
2 0 (20 102 )
10 106  1 2 
Enet     ( ˆj ) N / C
2 0  0.1 0.2 
 3.6 106 ( ˆj) N / C
½
Fnet  q  Enet
  1.6 1019  3.6 106 ( ˆj) N
 5.76 1013 N ( ˆj) ½ 5
33.
(a)

(i) Showing helical path 1½

Obtaining frequency of revolution 1½
(ii) Finding magnetic moment of electron 2

55/2/3 Page 14 of 16
 ½

v  = vsin is perpendicular to Band

v =vcos is parallel to B
Due to v  the charge describes circular path and v pushes it in the direction
of B . Therefore under the combined effect of two components the charged 1
particle describes helical path, as shown in the figure.
The centripetal force
mv 2
 B qv ½
r
Bqr
v  (v  v sin  ) ½
m
2 r
Time period = T 
v
2 m
=
Bq
1 Bq
frequency v  
T 2 m ½

(ii) Magnetic moment m  I A

e
I  ev ½
T
 1.6 1019  8 1014
4
= 1.28 10 A ½
4
M  1.28  10  3.14  (2  10 10 2
) ½
½
 5.12 10 24
Am  1.6 10
2 23
Am2
OR
(b)
(i) Definition of current sensitivity 1
Showing dependence of current sensitivity & explanation 1+1
(ii) Calculation of resistance 2
(ii) Finding magnetic moment of electron 2
(i) Deflection produced per unit current is called its current sensitivity.
1

NBA
IS  
I K
Current sensitivity can be increased by
(a) increasing number of turns in coil

55/2/3 Page 15 of 16
 (b) increasing area of coil in magnetic field 1
(c) decreasing K (Torsional Constant)
(any one)
 NBA
Vs  
V KR
If current sensitivity is increased by increasing number of turns of the coil, the
resistance of the galvanometer will also increase. Thus voltage sensitivity 1
may not increase.
(ii) V  IG ( R  G)
V
R G
IG ½
100
  15 ½
20 103
 5000 15
 4985
½
By connecting 4985 in series with galvanometer it is converted to voltmeter
½ 5
of range (0-100V)

55/2/3 Page 16 of 16
 Section E

31. (a)
(i) Graph showing variation of angle of deviation with angle of
incidence 1
Defining angle of minimum deviation 1
sin( A   )
n
(ii) Proof of refractive index sin A 1

(iii) (1) Finding angle of minimum deviation 1

(2) Angle of Incidence 1

(i)

Minimum deviation angle is defined as the angle at which angle of 1

incidence is equal to the angle of emergence.

Alternatively
At minimum deviation refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel to the
base of the prism.

55/1/2 Page 12 of 22
 (ii)

At the face XZ :- ½
 sin i  1  sin r ----- (1)
r=i+δ [ from diagram] ----- (2)
In ΔXMN ; A+( 90 –i) + 90 =180
 A=i ----- (3) ½
Putting eq. (3) & (2) in eq. (1)
 sin A  sin (A   )
sin ( A   )

sin A

(iii)
 A  m 
sin  
(1)   2 
A
sin
2
 60  m  ½
sin  
 2 
2
sin 30
 60   m  1
 sin    sin 45
 2  2
60   m ½
 45   m  30
2
A  m ½
(2) i
2
60  30
i 
2 ½
i  45

55/1/2 Page 13 of 22
 OR

(b)

(i) Statement of Huygens’ Principle ½

Construction of reflected wave front ½
Proof of angle of reflection is equal to angle of incidence 1
(ii) Definition of coherent sources ½
Explanation 1
(iii) Finding the unknown wavelength 1½

(i) Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary

disturbance and the wavelets emanating from these points spread
out in all directions with the spread of the wave. Each point of
the wavefront is the source of a secondary disturbance and the
wavelets emanating from these points spread out in all directions ½
with the speed of the wave. These wavelets emanating from the
wavefront are usually referred to as secondary wavelets and if
we draw a common tangent to all these spheres, we obtain the
new position of the wavefront at a later time.

ΔEAC is congruent to ΔBAC; so i  r 1

(ii) Two sources are said to be coherent if the phase difference between ½
them does not change with time.

No, two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent. ½

Two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent as the phase between

them does not remain constant with time. ½
(iii)
4 2  5 1
D  D
4  5  known ½
d d

55/1/2 Page 14 of 22
 5
   known
4
5 1
  520 5
4
= 650 nm

32. (a)

(i)
 Deriving the expression for potential energy 2
 Maximum & Minimum value of potential energy (½+½)
(ii) Finding the torque. 2

(i)

The amount of work done in rotating the dipole from θ =  0 to θ = 1 by

the external torque
1
½
W=   dext
o

1

=  pE sin  d
o

W = pE (cos  0  cos 1 ) ½
 ½
For  0  & 1  
2

= pE (cos  cos  )
2
U( )   pE cos 
½
= - 𝑝⃗.𝐸⃗
(1) Potential energy is maximum when:
 
p is antiparallel to E ½

55/1/2 Page 15 of 22
 Alternatively:
 = 180° or π radians
(2) Potential energy is minimum when:
 
p is along to E ½
Alternatively:
 = 0°

(ii)

½
  pE sin  ½
 (2aq ) E sin 
4
 (5  10 3  1  10 12 )103 
5
½
 4  10 12 Nm
Direction is along –ve Z direction. ½

OR
(b)

(i) Deriving expression for potential 2½

(ii) New charge on Sphere S1 2½

(i)
2a
½

-q O +q P 𝚤̂

55/1/2 Page 16 of 22
 1 q
V ½
4 0 r
V  V  q  V q
1  q q 
V 
4 0  (x  a ) (x  a ) 
 ½

q x  a  x  a 

4 0  (x 2  a 2 ) 
q 2a p
V   ½
4 0 (x  a ) 4 0 (x 2  a 2 )
2 2

As p is along x-axis, so

1 p . iˆ
V 
4 0 (x 2  a 2 )

If x>>a ½

1 p . iˆ
V 
4 0 x 2

Alternatively:

1 q q 
V    ----- (i) ½
4 0  r1 r2 
By geometry
r12  r 2  a 2  2ar cos
r22  r 2  a 2  2ar cos
 2acos a 2 
r  r 1 
1
2 2
 2
 r r 

55/1/2 Page 17 of 22
  2a cos  
 r 2 1  
 r 
 2a cos  
r22  r 2 1  
Similarly,  r 
a
Using binomial theorem & retaining terms upto the first order in ;
r
we obtain
1

1 1 2a cos   2 1 a 
 1    1  cos   ----- (ii) ½
r1 r  r  r r 
1

1 1 2a cos   2 1  a 
 1    1  cos   ----- (iii) ½
r2 r  r  r r 
Using equations (i) ,(ii) & (iii) & p = 2qa
q 2a cos  p cos  ½
V 
4 0 r2 4 0r 2

p cos   p . rˆ

As r is along the x – axis.
 
 p . rˆ  p . iˆ
 ˆ
 V  1 p .i ½
4 0 x 2

(ii)
Charge on sphere S1 :
Q1 = surface charge density  surface Area
2 
=  109   4 (1  10 2 )2
  ½
13
= 8  10 C

Charge on sphere S2 :
Q2 = surface charge density  surface Area
2 
=  109   4 ( 3  102 )2
 
13
= 72  10 C ½
When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V
and the charge remains conserved. ½
Q1  Q2  Q1  Q2
 C1V  C 2V
Q1  Q 2  (C1  C2 )V

55/1/2 Page 18 of 22
 Q1  Q2
Common potential(V) 
C1  C 2
1 1
C1  4 0r1   10 2   10 11 F
9  10 9
9
1 1
C 2  4 0r2   3  10 2   10 11 F
9  10 9
3
13
80  10 ½
V   1.8V
1 1 11
    10
9 3
1
𝑄  C1V   10 11  1.8
9
𝑄  2  10 12 C ½

Alternatively:
Charge on sphere S1 :
Q1 = surface charge density  surface Area
2 
=  109   4 (1  10 2 )2
 
= 8  10 C13 ½
Charge on sphere S2 :
Q2 = surface charge density  surface Area
2 
=  109   4 ( 3  102 )2
 
13
= 72  10 C ½
When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V
and the charge remains conserved. ½
Q1  Q2  Q1  Q2
½
=
½
On solving, 𝑄  2  10 12 C

5
33. (a)
(i) Deriving expression for impedance 2
(ii) Reason 1
(iii) Inductance of coil 2

55/1/2 Page 19 of 22
 (i)

½
VC + VR = V
v m2  v rm
2
 v cm
2

vr m  im R
vcm  im X c
v m2  (im R )2  (im Xc )2 ½
i 2
m
R  X 
2 2
c
=
vm ½
 im 
R  X c2
2

½
 Impedance Z  R 2  X c2
(ii) For direct current (dc), an inductor behaves as a conductor.
As XL = ωL = 2π ν L 1
For dc ν = 0  XL= 0
Alternatively: -
LdI
Induced emf (ε) = -
dt
For dc; dI = 0  ε = 0

110 ½
(iii) R = = 10 Ω
11
v r ms 220
ir ms  
R 2  X L2 100  X L2
220
11  ½
100  X L2
220
100  X L2   20
11
Squaring both sides:
 100  X L2  400

55/1/2 Page 20 of 22
  X L2  300  X L  10 3  ½
X L  2 fL  10 3  2  50  L
3 ½
L = H
10
OR
(b)

(i) Labelled diagram of step – up transformer 1

Describing working principle ½
Three causes 1½
(ii) Explanation 1
(iii) (1) Output voltage across secondary coil ½

(2) Current in primary coil ½

(i)

OR

55/1/2 Page 21 of 22
 The working principle of transformer is mutual induction.
When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, the resulting
current produces an alternating magnetic flux which links the
½
secondary and induces an emf in it.

Causes of energy losses (Any three)

(a) Flux leakage
(b) Resistance of the windings
(c) Eddy currents
½+½+½
(d) Hysteresis

(ii) No ½
Current changes correspondingly. So, the input power is equal to the
output power. ½

(iii)
(1)
Vs N s

VP N P
N 3000
Vs  s  VP   90
NP 200
Vs  1350 V ½
(2)
IP Ns

Is NP

3000 ½
IP   2  30 A
200

55/1/2 Page 22 of 22
 (b) Energy band diagrams
Difference between
(i) an insulator
(ii) a semiconductor
(iii) a metal 1+1+1

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

1
3

SECTION- D
29. (i) (D) IV 1

(ii) (D) accelerate along  i
1
(iii) (A) V= V0 + αx
1
(iv) (a) (C) E4> E3 > E2 > E1
OR 1 4
(b) (B) 2.6× 106 m/s
30. (i) (D) 6 1
(ii) (C) 3 1
(iii) (a) (C) 6
OR 1
(b) sin-1(0.225)
(iv) (D) 10 1 4
SECTION-E
31.
(a) (i) Obtaining expression for the capacitance 3
(ii) Finding the electric potential 2
(i) at the surface
(ii) at the centre

(i) When a dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of capacitor, there
is induced charge density σP which opposes the original charge density

55/3/1 Page 9 of 15
(σ) on the plate of capacitance. ½
Electric field with dielectric medium is

V E d ½

½
σd Qd
V ½

K ½
C

(ii) Electric potential due to a point charge

V ½

(i) At the surface

V ½

(ii) Since electric field inside the hollow sphere is zero, hence V is same
as that of the surface and remains constant throughout the volume. ½
V
OR
(b) (i) Expression for electric field at a point lying
(i) inside 1
(ii) outside 2
(ii) Explanation 2

(i) Field inside the shell

The Flux through the Gaussian surface is

½
E R
In this case Gaussian surface encloses no charge.
Hence R
½
E =0

(Note: Award full credit of this part if a student writes directly E=0,
mentioning as there is no charge enclosed by Gaussian surface)

55/3/1 Page 10 of 15
 (ii) Field outside the shell-

Electric flux through Gaussian surface

𝐸 4πr
𝜎 4𝜋𝑅 2 ½
𝜀

Charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface

4 2

Using Gauss‟s law: ½

∫ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
4 2

σ 𝑅2 𝑞
𝐸 ½
𝜀 𝑟2 4πε 𝑟 2

(ii) For conducting sheet,

Electric field due to a conducting sheet
σ
𝐸𝑐 𝜀 ½

For non-conducting sheet ½

σ
𝐸𝑛𝑐 𝜀
Since surface charge density is same. ½
2E𝑛𝑐 𝐸𝑐 ½ 5
32.
(a) (i)(1) Meaning of current sensitivity, mentioning factors 2
(2) Finding the required resistance 1½
(ii) Finding the induced current 1½
(i) (1). Current sensitivity of galvanometer is defined as the deflection per
unit current. 1
Alternatively,

Factors
Number of turns in coil, Magnetic field intensity, Area of coil, Torsional
½+½
Constant (Any two)

55/3/1 Page 11 of 15
(2) for -V Range ½
for - Rang ½

( )
½
(ii) mWb
| | V ½
| | ½

m ½
OR
(b)
(i) Obtaining the expression of emf induced 3
(ii) Calculation of mutual inductance 2

((i) The flux at any instant t is

𝜙 𝑁𝐵𝐴 cos𝜃 NB cos𝜔𝑡 ½

From Faraday‟s law
½

½
cos

sin ½
2 4 2
(ii) ½+½
2 2

2 2
( )
½

H ½
5

55/3/1 Page 12 of 15
33.
(a) (i) Tracing the path of ray ½
Obtaining an expression for angle of deviation 1½
Drawing Graph 1
(ii) Finding the refractive index 2

(i)

For quadrilateral AQNR,

∠A + ∠QNR = 180º --- (i) ½
For triangle QNR
r1 + r2 + ∠QNR = 180º ---- (ii)
comparing equation (i) and (ii)
r1 + r2 = A ------ (iii) ½
The angle of deviation
δ (i – r1 ) + (e – r2 ) ------ (iv)
from equation (iii) and (iv)
𝛿 𝑖 𝑒 𝐴 ½

Graph

(ii)

𝑠𝑖𝑛 4
𝜇
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

𝜇 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ½
For second surface,
sin(900   ) 1

sin 900  ½

55/3/1 Page 13 of 15
 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 ½
From the triangle GEF
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
½
𝜇
OR
(b) (i) Expression for resultant intensity 3
(ii) Ratio of intensities 2

(i) 𝑦 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔 𝑡
𝑦 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔 𝑡 𝜙
According to the principle of superposition
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 ½
𝑦 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔 𝑡 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔 𝑡 𝜙
𝑦 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔 𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙
𝑦 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔 𝑡 ½
Let,
𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ------- (i)
𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 --------(ii) ½
Squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii)
A2  a2 (1  cos ) 2 a 2 sin2
𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙
½
𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙
𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 /
½
𝐼𝛼𝐴
𝐼 𝑘𝐴
where k is constant
½
𝐼 𝑘𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 /
[Award full credit for this part for any other alternative methods]
𝜋 𝜆
(ii) 𝜙 𝜆
𝜋/3 ½

𝐼 𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 /

𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋/
𝐼 3𝐼 ½

𝜋 𝜆
𝜙 𝜋/
𝜆

𝐼 𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋/ ½

𝐼 𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝐼
½ 5
𝐼2 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠2

55/3/1 Page 14 of 15
 Marking Scheme
Strictly Confidential
(For Internal and Restricted use only)
Senior School Certificate Examination, 2024
SUBJECT PHYSICS (CODE 55/5/2)
General Instructions: -

1 You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct assessment of
the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious problems which may affect the
future of the candidates, education system and teaching profession. To avoid mistakes, it is requested
that before starting evaluation, you must read and understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully.
2 “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of the
examinations conducted, Evaluation done and several other aspects. Its’ leakage to public in
any manner could lead to derailment of the examination system and affect the life and future of
millions of candidates. Sharing this policy/document to anyone, publishing in any magazine and
printing in News Paper/Website etc may invite action under various rules of the Board and
IPC.”
3 Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not be
done according to one’s o n interpretation or any other consideration. arking cheme should
be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while evaluating, answers which are
based on latest information or knowledge and/or are innovative, they may be assessed for their
correctness otherwise and due marks be awarded to them. In class-X, while evaluating two
competency-based questions, please try to understand given answer and even if reply is not
from marking scheme but correct competency is enumerated by the candidate, due marks
should be awarded.

4 The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers.

These are in the nature of Guidelines only and do not constitute the complete answer. The students
can have their own expression and if the expression is correct, the due marks should be awarded
accordingly.

5 The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each evaluator on the
first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the instructions given in the Marking
Scheme. If there is any variation, the same should be zero after deliberation and discussion. The
remaining answer books meant for evaluation shall be given only after ensuring that there is no
significant variation in the marking of individual evaluators.

6 Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer CROSS „X” be marked.
Evaluators will not put right (✓)while evaluating which gives an impression that answer is correct
and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which evaluators are committing.

7 If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks awarded for
different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the left-hand margin and
encircled. This may be followed strictly.

8 If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin and encircled.

55/5/2 Page 1 of 17
 (ii)  B The net dipole moment of induced dipoles is along the 1
direction of the applied electric field.
1
(iii)  B  decreases and the electric field also decreases.
 5K  1
(iv) a   C   C0
 4 K  1 
OR 4
3
iv   b   D
16
SECTION - E
31 (a) (i) Drawing refracted wavefront and Verification of Snell‟s law 3
(ii) Calculation of distance 2

(i)

Considering triangles ABC and AEC

BC v1τ
sin i = = and ------(1) ½
AC AC
AE v2 τ
sin r = = ------(2)
AC AC
From equation (1) and equation (2)
sin i v1 ½
= ------(3)
sin r v 2
If c represents the speed of light in vacuum, then
c c ½
n1 = and n 2 =
v1 v2
In terms of refractive indices
n1 sin i= n 2sin r ½
which is Snell‟s law of refraction.

55/5/2 Page 11 of 17
(ii)
(2n  1) D
X4  ½
2d
(2  4  1)  600 109 1.5
X4  1
2  0.3 103
1.05 102 m ½

OR
(b)
(i) Brief discussion of Diffraction of light and drawing the shape
of diffraction pattern 2+1
(ii) Proof using mirror formula 2

(i) A beam of light falls normally on a single slit and bends around its
corners. This phenomenon is called diffraction. 1

When a beam of light falls normally on a narrow single slit, then

diffracted light goes on to meet on a screen. It is observed that at the
center of the screen intensity is maximum and goes on decreasing as one 1
move away from the center on either side of screen.

(ii)
1 1 1
= +
f v u
uf
v=
u-f
Following new cartesian sign conversion
(-u)(-f)
v=
-u-(-f)
uf
v= as f > u 1
f-u

55/5/2 Page 12 of 17
 v is +ve, So image is virtual.
v f
m=- = >1 i.e. Enlarged image 1 5
u f-u

32 (a)
(i) Drawing equipotential surfaces 1
(ii) Obtaining an expression for potential energy 2
(iii) Finding the change in potential energy 2

(i)

(ii) Work done in bringing a charge q1 from infinity to r1 :

W1 = q1V( r1 ) -------------(1) ½
Work done in bringing a charge q2 from infinity to r2 against the
external field :
W2 = q2V( r2 ) -------------(2) ½
Work done on q2 against the field due to q1:
q1q2
W12 = -----------------(3)
4 0 r12 ½
Potential energy of the system = Total work done
qq
= q1V( r1 ) + q2V( r2 ) + 1 2 ½
4 0 r12
(iii) Change in Potential energy = Work done
W = pE [cosθ0 – cosθ1] 1
W = 10-30  105 [cos00 – cos600] ½
W = 5.0  10-26 J ½

OR

(b) (i) Deduction of an expression for electric field for (i) and (ii) 3
(ii) Finding magnitude and direction of the net electric field 2
(i)
(i) Electric Field outside the shell

55/5/2 Page 13 of 17
 ½

Electric flux through Gaussian surface

Φ = E  4  r2
Charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface
Q =   4 R2
Q
Using Gauss‟ law:  [Link] 
0 ½
( 4 R 2 )
E  4  r2 =
0
R 2
E= ½
 0r 2
 R2
E rˆ
 0r 2

(ii) Field inside the shell

Electric flux through Gaussian surface

Φ = E  4  r2 ( r  R)
Charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface
Q=0
By Gauss‟ Law
E  4  r2 = 0
½
i.e. E = 0
½
(Note: Award full credit of this part if a student writes directly E=0,
mentioning as there is no charge enclosed by Gaussian surface)

(ii) Electric field due to a long straight charged wire of linear charged

55/5/2 Page 14 of 17
 density λ

E= ½
2 0 r

Net electric field at the mid-point

Enet = E1 + E2
1 2
= +
2 0 r 2 0 r ½
1
Enet = 1  2 
2 0 r
2  9 109
= 10  20 106
0.5
= 1.08  106 NC-1 ½
Enet is directed towards CD.
½ 5
33 (a)
(i) To identify the circuit element X, Y & Z 1½
(ii) To establish relation for impedance 2
Showing variation in current with frequency ½
(iii) To obtain condition for-
(i) Minimum impedance ½
(ii) Wattless current ½
(i) X : Resistor ½
Y : real inductor (such that its reactance is equal to its resistance) /
Inductor ½
Z : real capacitor (such that its reactance is equal to its resistance)/
Capacitor ½
(ii)

55/5/2 Page 15 of 17
From the fig.
Vm2  VRm
2
 (VCm  VLm )2 ½
½
Vm2  (im R)2  (im X C  im X L ) 2
V ½
Impedance (Ƶ)  m  R 2  ( X C  X L ) 2
Im

(iii) Ƶ  R2  ( X C  X L )2
For the minimum value of impedance
(i) XC = XL ½

(ii) Average power consumed in A.C. circuit over a cycle

P = VI cos φ
For wattless current P = 0
Since V  0 , I  0
cos φ = 0
i.e. φ = ½
OR
(b)
(i) Description of Construction and working 1+1
Obtaining relation ( ) 1

(ii) Causes of energy losses 2

(i) Construction: A transformer consists of two sets of coils, insulated

from each other. They are wound on a soft- iron core, either one on top of
other or on separate limbs of the core.

Alternatively

55/5/2 Page 16 of 17
 1

Working: When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, the

resulting current produces an alternating magnetic flux which links with
the secondary and induces an e.m.f. in it. 1
For an ideal transformer the induced e.m.f. (  p ) in primary coil for
applied alternating voltage (VP)
d
 p  VP   N P ------------------(1) ½
dt
e.m.f. induced  S in the secondary coil
d
 S  VS   N S -------------------(2)
dt
From eq. (1) and (2)
VS N S
 ½
VP N P

(ii) Any four energy losses

1. Flux leakage.
2. Resistance of windings/ copper loss.
3. Eddy currents/iron loss.
4. Hysteresis.
4
5. Magnetostriction. 5

55/5/2 Page 17 of 17
 Marking Scheme
Strictly Confidential
(For Internal and Restricted use only)
Senior School Certificate Examination, 2024
SUBJECT PHYSICS (CODE 55/4/3)
General Instructions: -

1 You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct assessment of
the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious problems which may affect the
future of the candidates, education system and teaching profession. To avoid mistakes, it is
requested that before starting evaluation, you must read and understand the spot evaluation
guidelines carefully.

2 “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of the

examinations conducted, Evaluation done and several other aspects. Its’ leakage to public in
any manner could lead to derailment of the examination system and affect the life and future
of millions of candidates. Sharing this policy/document to anyone, publishing in any
magazine and printing in News Paper/Website etc may invite action under various rules of
the Board and IPC.”

3 Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not be done
according to one‟s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking Scheme should be
strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while evaluating, answers which are
based on latest information or knowledge and/or are innovative, they may be assessed for
their correctness otherwise and due marks be awarded to them. In class-X, while evaluating
two competency-based questions, please try to understand given answer and even if reply is
not from marking scheme but correct competency is enumerated by the candidate, due
marks should be awarded.

4 The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers

These are in the nature of Guidelines only and do not constitute the complete answer. The students
can have their own expression and if the expression is correct, the due marks should be awarded
accordingly.

5 The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each evaluator on
the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the instructions given in the
Marking Scheme. If there is any variation, the same should be zero after delibration and
discussion. The remaining answer books meant for evaluation shall be given only after ensuring
that there is no significant variation in the marking of individual evaluators.

6 Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer CROSS „X” be marked.
Evaluators will not put right (✓)while evaluating which gives an impression that answer is correct
and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which evaluators are committing.

7 If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks awarded for
different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the left-hand margin and
encircled. This may be followed strictly.

8 If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin and

55/4/3 Page 1 of 16
 Energy released in fission of 1 g of 94 Pu 239 ,
E =180MeV×2.5×1021
E = 4.5×1023 MeV 1 3
SECTION - D
29
(i) (B) 0.01 eV 1
(ii) (D) 5×1022 m-3 1
(iii) (a) ( C) Electrons diffuse from n-region into p-region and holes diffuse 1
from p-region to n-region.
OR

(b) (A) Diffusion current is large and drift current is small.

(iv) (D) 50 Hz , 100 Hz.

1 4
30
5
(i) (B) D 1
3
3
(ii) (C) 1
2 1
(iii) (A) increases when a lens is dipped in water. 1
(iv) (a) ( B) 10 cm , right from lens.
OR 4
(b) ( A ) real , 24 cm

SECTION - E
31 a)
(i) Obtaining expression for capacitance 3
(ii) Finding capacitance of capacitors 2

a) (i)
Electric field in air between plates
σ ½
E0 =
ε0
Electric field inside the dielectric
σ
E = ½
ε0K
Potential difference between the plates
V=E0 (d-t) + Et ½

σ t
V=  d-t+
ε0 K 
q  t
V=  d-t+  ½
Aε 0  K
Capacitance
q ½
C=
V
Aε 0
C=
t
d-t+
K

55/4/3 Page 10 of 16
 Aε 0
C= ½
 1
d - t 1- 
 K
ii) Total energy stored in series combination
1  C1C2  2 -3 ½
  V = 40×10 J...............................(1)
2  C1 +C2 
Energy stored in parallel combination
1
 C1 +C2  V2 =250×10-3 J........................................(2) ½
2
Substituting value of V=100 V in eq (1) and (2) , on solving
C1 =4×10-5 F or 40μF ½
-5
C2 =1×10 F or10μF ½ 5
OR
b)
i) Showing electric field at a point due to a uniformly
charged infinite plane sheet 3
ii) Calculating (1) electric flux through the cube 1
(2) charge enclosed by cube 1

(i)

 [Link] =  [Link] +  [Link]

½
1 2

= 2EA
From Gauss‟s law
q
 [Link] = ε 0
½

σA
2EA =
ε0
σ
E = ½
2ε 0
σ
Vectorially E = nˆ
2ε 0 ½
Electric field is normally outward of the sheet.

(ii) (1) Electric flux through the cube

  L  R ½

   EL . ds  E R .ds
  2 100 104  [5  (10 10 2 ) 2  2] 100 10 4
  5 104 Nm 2 C-1 ½

55/4/3 Page 11 of 16
 (2)
qen ½

0
qen   . 0
 5 104  8.85  10 12
½
 4.43  1015 C
32
a) i) Drawing of ray diagram 1
Obtaining mirror equation 2
ii) Reason for using multi-component lenses 1
iii) Finding magnification produced by the objective 1

i)

For paraxial rays MP can be considered to be a straight line perpendicular to CP,

Therefore right angled triangles A' B ' F and MPF are similar
B' A ' B ' F
=
PM FP

B' A ' B' F ½

Or = ( PM = AB) ----------------(1)
BA FP
Since  APB =  A' PB ' , the right angled triangles A' PB ' and ABP are also
similar
B' A ' B' P
Therefore , = ----------------------------------- (2) ½
BA BP
Comparing eq (1) and (2), we get
B' F B' P
=
FP BP

PF- PB' B'P

=
FP BP
Using sign convention
PF = f, PB' = + v , PB = - u ½

1 1 1
on solving + =
v u f ½

ii) To improve image quality by minimizing various optical aberrations in lenses. 1

iii) Magnification produced by compound microscope
m= m o × me ½
m m
mo = =
me D
fe
55/4/3 Page 12 of 16
 200
mo = =16 ½ 5
25
2
OR
(b)
i) Difference between a wavefront and a ray 1
ii) Statement of Huygens‟ principle 1
Verification of the law of reflection 1½
iii) Finding wavelength of light 1½

i) Wavefront is a surface of constant phase. ½

Alternatively Locus of points, which oscillate in phase
Ray - The straight line path along which light travels (or energy propagates). ½
Alternatively – Ray is normal to wave front.
ii) Huygens’ Principle Each point of the wave front is the source of secondary
disturbance and the wavelets emanating from the points spread out in all
directions with speed of wave. The wavelets emanating from wave front are 1
usually referred to as secondary wavelets. A common tangent to all these spheres
gives the new position of the wave front at a later time.

Triangles EAC and BAC are congruent therefore i  r ½

iii) Position of 4th bright fringe

Dλ
x 4(bright) = 4 ½
d
Position of 2nd dark fringe
3 Dλ ½
x 2(dark) =
2 d
x 4(bright) - x 2(dark) =5mm
Dλ 3 Dλ
4 - = 5×10-3
d 2 d
λ=6×10-6 m ½
33 (a)
(i) Factors on which the resonant frequency of a series LCR circuit depends 1
Plotting of graph 1
(ii) Diagram of a transformer 1
Working of a step-up transformer 1
(iii) Two causes of energy loss in a real transformer 1

(i) Inductance
Capacitance ½
½
Alternatively
1
ν0 =
2π LC
55/4/3 Page 13 of 16
 1

(ii)

Working - when an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, the resulting

current produces an alternating magnetic flux which links the secondary and induces
an emf in it. 1
(iii) Causes of energy loss (any two)
(1) Flux leakage
(2) Resistance of the windings
(3) Hysteresis ½+½ 5
(4) Eddy currents
OR
(b)
(i) Diagram of ac generator 1
Brief explanation of construction and working of ac generator 2
(ii) Obtaining expression of magnetic moment associated with revolving
electron 2
(i)

Construction – It consists of a coil placed in a magnetic field. The coil is mounted

on a rotor shaft. The ends of the coil are connected to an external circuit by means of 1
slip rings and brushes.
Alternatively
If a student draws only a labeled diagram of ac generator give 2 marks for
construction and diagram.

55/4/3 Page 14 of 16
Working – The coil is rotated in the uniform magnetic field by some external means.
The rotation of the coil causes the magnetic flux through it to change, so an emf is 1
induced in the coil.
Alternatively
If a student derives e  e0 sin  t give one mark for working.
(ii) The equivalent current
q e ev
I= = = ½
t 2πr 2πr
v
Mangetic moment of revolving electron ½
m = IA
ev ½
= × πr 2
2πr
1
= evr ½
2

55/4/3 Page 15 of 16