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India: Geography, Size, and Location Insights

India is located entirely in the northern hemisphere, with latitudinal and longitudinal extents of 8°4’N to 37°6’N and 68°7’E to 97°25’E, respectively. It covers an area of 3.28 million square kilometers, making it the 7th largest country in the world, and has significant geographical and cultural ties due to its central location between West and East Asia. India shares borders with several countries and follows a single time zone (IST) despite a 2-hour time difference across its length.

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5 views2 pages

India: Geography, Size, and Location Insights

India is located entirely in the northern hemisphere, with latitudinal and longitudinal extents of 8°4’N to 37°6’N and 68°7’E to 97°25’E, respectively. It covers an area of 3.28 million square kilometers, making it the 7th largest country in the world, and has significant geographical and cultural ties due to its central location between West and East Asia. India shares borders with several countries and follows a single time zone (IST) despite a 2-hour time difference across its length.

Uploaded by

pratyanshsrivstava
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© All Rights Reserved
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GEOGRAPHY NOTES Ch 1India – size and location

Location of India
 India lies entirely in the northern hemisphere.
It’s latitudinal and longitudinal extent –
o Latitudinal extent - 8°4’N and 37°6’N
o Longitudinal extent - 68°7’E and 97°25’E
 The tropic of cancer (23°30’N) divides India into almost two equal
parts.
 Indira Point is the southernmost point of India, submerged under water
in 2004.
 Indira Col is the India’s northernmost point of India.

Size of India
 Area – 3.28 million Square Kilometers
 India occupies 2.4% of total geographic area of world.
 India is the 7th largest country in the world.
 India has lang boundary of 15 200 km.
 Total length of coastline, including the islands is 7 516.6 km
 India has longest coastline – with Indian Ocean being the only ocean
named after a country.

Time in India
 From Gujrat to Arunachal Pradesh, there is a time lag of 2 hours.
 India follows the standard meridian of India (82°30’E), passing
through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh.
 The standard meridian of India is (UTC+5:30), 5 hours and 30 minutes
ahead of the Universal Time Zone.

India and the world (Significance of location of India)

 The Indian landmass is centrally located between West and East Asia.
 Deccan Peninsula helped India to establish close contacts with West
Asia, Africa and Europe, South-east and East Asia.
 Since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, India’s distance from
Europe has been reduced by 7,000 km.

India’s Neighbours
 India has an important position in South Asia and has 28 states and 8
Union Territories.

Sharing of India’s boundaries:

 North-west: Pakistan and Afghanistan


 North: China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan
 East: Myanmar and Bangladesh
 South: Island countries – Sri Lanka and Maldives

Separation of Island countries of India

 Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by


the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
 Maldives Islands are situated to the south of the Lakshadweep Islands.

Q’A
Q1 – The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared
to Gujrat in the west but the watches show the same time. How does it
happen?

Answer:

 The sun rises about 2 hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh than in Gujarat
due to India's longitudinal span of nearly 30 degrees (from 68°E to 97°E),
where each 15° corresponds to 1 hour.
 Despite this, clocks show the same time nationwide because India follows
a single Indian Standard Time (IST) based on the 82°30'E meridian passing
through Mirzapur.
 This uniform time zone ensures administrative efficiency, synchronized
schedules (e.g., railways), and national coordination.

Q2 - The central location of India at the head of the Indian ocean is


considered of great significance. Why?

Answer:

 India's central spot at the top of the Indian Ocean sits on main sea routes,
linking Europe with East Asia for easy trade.
 The Deccan Peninsula juts into the ocean, helping India build strong trade
and cultural ties with West Asia, Africa, Europe (west coast) and
Southeast/East Asia (east coast)

END OF DOCUMENT

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