6.

5 FIRE PRO SYSTEM DESIGN

6.5.1 Sprinkler Calculation

Administrative Building

SPACE AREA, 𝒎𝟐
OFFICE 8.27
BREAK ROOM 11.3
CONFERENCE ROOM 14.36
HALLWAY 41.33
LOCKER ROOM 15.00
CLINIC 14.50
CAFETERIA 34.30
KITCHEN 8.84
WAITING AREA 7.30
CR (RESTROOM) 11.40

Ordinary Hazard Group 2:

Max protection of sprinkler = 4.6m (Spacing)

Area protection of sprinkler = 12 𝑚2

𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝑁𝐵 =
𝐴𝑝𝑜𝑠

SPACE 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟

OFFICE 8.27 𝑚2
𝑁𝐵 = = 0.69 ≈ 1 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟
12 𝑚2
BREAK ROOM 11.3 𝑚2
𝑁𝐵 = = 0.94 ≈ 1 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟
12 𝑚2
CONFERENCE ROOM 14.36 𝑚2
𝑁𝐵 = = 1.2 ≈ 1 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟
12 𝑚2
LOCKER ROOM 15 𝑚 2
𝑁𝐵 = = 1.25 ≈ 1 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟
12 𝑚2
CLINIC 14.5 𝑚2
𝑁𝐵 = = 1.21 ≈ 1 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟
12 𝑚2
CAFETERIA 34.30 𝑚2
𝑁𝐵 = = 2.86 ≈ 3 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟
12 𝑚2
KITCHEN 8.84 𝑚2
𝑁𝐵 = = 0.74 ≈ 1 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟
12 𝑚2
WAITING AREA 7.3 𝑚2
𝑁𝐵 = = 0.61 ≈ 1 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟
12 𝑚2
 CR (RESTROOM) 11.4 𝑚2
𝑁𝐵 = = 0.95 ≈ 1 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟
12 𝑚2

6.5.2 Pressure Loss

Flow per operating sprinkler:

𝑔𝑝𝑚
𝑄ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 18.75 𝑔𝑝𝑚 (125 𝑓𝑡 2 × 0.15 )
𝑓𝑡 2

Sprinkler K = 5.6 → required sprinkler inlet pressure:

𝑄 2 18.75 2
𝑃𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑟 =( ) =( ) = 11.21 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐾 5.6

Hazen–William's formula used in the form (psi per foot):

𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 4.52 × 𝑄1.85

= 1.85
𝑓𝑡 𝐶 × 𝑑 4.87

with C=120, d=1.610 in. and feet using 1 m = 3.28084 ft.

Pipe length to the end of sprinkler (CAD based)

Mainline length (without sprinkler) =

= 5.84𝑚 + 6.17𝑚 + 4.04𝑚 + 14.3𝑚 + 5.26𝑚 + 3.13𝑚 + 0.64𝑚 + 3.99𝑚 + 6.13𝑚 + 5.1𝑚
+ 4.05𝑚

Branch length to mainline = 2.05m

NODE: End of sprinkler – Mainline

• L1 = 2.05 m = 2.05×3.28084 = 6.73 ft

Segment 1 = 1×18.75 = 18.75 gpm

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 1.6104.87 ≈ 41586.7

 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.02462 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 41586.7 𝑓𝑡

𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.02462 × 6.73 = 0.17 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Total friction loss (sum segments)

• Add sprinkler pressure: Psprinkler =11.21 psi

• Add fittings allowance: 2.00 psi
• Riser required pressure for node = 11.21 + 0.17 + 2.00 = 13.38 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Mainline length (without sprinkler)

= 5.84𝑚 + 6.17𝑚 + 4.04𝑚 + 14.3𝑚 + 5.26𝑚 + 3.13𝑚 + 0.64𝑚 + 3.99𝑚 + 6.13𝑚 + 5.1𝑚
+ 4.05𝑚

The flow rate for this pipeline (without sprinkler) = 18.75 gpm

• L1 = 4.05 m = 4.05×3.28084 = 13.28 ft, Diameter of pipe = 1 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 14.87 ≈ 7022.4
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.14579 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 7022.4 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.14579 × 13.28 = 1.94 𝑝𝑠𝑖

• L2 = 5.1 m = 5.1×3.28084 = 16.73 ft Diameter of pipe = 1 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 14.87 ≈ 7022.4
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.14579 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 7022.4 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.14579 × 16.73 = 2.44 𝑝𝑠𝑖

• L3 = 6.13 m = 6.13 ×3.28084 = 20.11, Diameter of pipe = 1.5 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 1.54.87 ≈ 50588.26
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.02024 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 50588.26 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.02024 × 20.11 = 0.41 𝑝𝑠𝑖
• L4 = 3.99 m = 3.99×3.28084 = 13.08 ft, Diameter of pipe = 2 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 24.87 ≈ 205353.157
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.004985 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 205353.157 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.004985 × 20.11 = 0.065 𝑝𝑠𝑖

• L5 = 0.64 m = 0.64×3.28084 = 2.1 ft, Diameter of pipe = 2 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 24.87 ≈ 205353.157
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.004985 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 205353.157 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.004985 × 2.1 = 0.01 𝑝𝑠𝑖

• L6 = 3.13 m = 3.13×3.28084 = 10.27 ft, Diameter of pipe = 2 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 24.87 ≈ 205353.157
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.004985 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 205353.157 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.004985 × 10.27 = 0.0512 𝑝𝑠𝑖

• L7 = 5.26 m = 5.26×3.28084 = 17.25 ft, Diameter of pipe = 2 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 24.87 ≈ 205353.157
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.004985 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 205353.157 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.004985 × 17.25 = 0.086 𝑝𝑠𝑖

• L8 = 14.3 m = 14.3×3.28084 = 46.9 ft, Diameter of pipe = 2.5 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 2.54.87 ≈ 608769.87
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.002 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 608769.87 𝑓𝑡
 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.002 × 46.9 = 0.094 𝑝𝑠𝑖

• L9 = 4.04 m = 4.04×3.28084 = 13.25 ft, Diameter of pipe = 2.5 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 2.54.87 ≈ 608769.87
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.002 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 608769.87 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.002 × 13.25 = 0.027 𝑝𝑠𝑖

• L10 = 6.17 m = 6.17×3.28084 = 20.24 ft, Diameter of pipe = 2.5 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 2.54.87 ≈ 608769.87
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.002 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 608769.87 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.002 × 20.24 = 0.04 𝑝𝑠𝑖

• L11 = 5.84 m = 5.84×3.28084 = 19.16 ft, Diameter of pipe = 2.5 in

𝑄1.85 = 18.751.85 ≈ 226.5

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜 min 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑟: 1201.85 × 2.54.87 ≈ 608769.87
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 226.5 0.002 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 4.52 × =
𝑓𝑡 608769.87 𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.002 × 19.16 = 0.038 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Total Pressure Loss

→ Route 1 – end of sprinkler

= 13.38+1.94+2.44+0.41+0.065+0.01+0.0512+0.086+0.094+0.027+0.04+0.038
= 18.58 psi
= 128104.591 Pa

Convert pressure loss to head

• Given: ΔP = 18.58 psi

• 1 psi = 6894.76 Pa, 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ≈ 1000 kg/m³, g = 9.81 m/s²

Head H = ρgΔP
 • 𝐻 = 1000 × 9.8118.58 × 6894.76 = 13.06 𝑚
• (also: 18.58 psi ≈ 42.9 ft of water → ≈13.06 m)

Selected design flow

• Condenser cooling circulation in your file: 10–15 m³/hr.

• I use the midpoint Q = 12 m³/hr = 12/3600 = 0.003333... m³/s (≈3.33 L/s).

Hydraulic power (water side)

• Hydraulic power Ph =ρgQH

• Using ρ=1000, g=9.81, Q=0.003333 m³/s, H=13.06 m:
• 𝑃ℎ ≈ 427 𝑊 (0.427 𝑘𝑊)

Pump motor power (account for efficiency)

Assume a reasonable pump + motor efficiency 𝜂 = 65. Then

𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝜂𝑃ℎ = 0.650.427 𝑘𝑊 ≈ 0.657 𝑘𝑊 :

Recommended motor rating: 1.5 kW (≈2 HP) for prefer more conservative sizing for future
expansion or longer piping runs.

Summary pump hydraulic requirements (design basis):

• Flow: 12 m³/hr (3.33 L/s)

• Total head: 13.06 m (equivalent to 18.58 psi)
• Hydraulic power: ~0.43 kW
• Motor size recommended: 1.5 kW

Other practical specs to order a pump:

• Centrifugal, single-stage, end-suction or close-coupled

• Stainless-steel wetted parts (for longevity)
• Mechanical seal rated for water at working temperature
• VFD-compatible motor (for soft-start and flow control)
• Minimum recommended NPSH margin per manufacturer (check pump curve)

Tank (buffer) sizing — recommended approach

Common practical buffer = 1 hour of recirculation flow. I’ll provide:

a) 1-hour buffer (recommended baseline)

• Flow = 12 m³/hr → Tank volume = 12 m³ (12,000 L)

b) Add freeboard / surge margin (20%)

• Freeboard ≈ 20% of tank = 0.2 × 12 = 2.4 m³

• Total recommended tank volume = 12 + 2.4 = 14.4 m³ (14,400 L)

c) Sizing example (cylindrical tank)

for a cylindrical vertical tank with diameter D = 2.0 m:

• Area = π·(D/2) ² = 3.1416 × (1.0) ² = 3.1416 m²

• Required height = volume / area = 14.4 / 3.1416 ≈ 4.58 m

for a shorter, wider tank, for example D = 3.0 m:

• Area = π· (1.5) ² = 7.069 m²

• Height = 14.4 / 7.069 ≈ 2.04 m
•

6.5.3 Rendered Image

FIG. 3 Fire Pro Design