KVS (RO)BENGALURU 2024-25

GIST OF THE LESSON

Nationalism in India
The growth of modern nationalism is intimately connected to anti-colonial movement.
The congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi tried to forge groups together within one
movement. However, the unity did not emerge without conflict.
First World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation
1. National Movement was spreading in New areas in 1919 and incorporating new social groups
and developing new modes of struggle.
2. Mahatma Gandhi came to India and The Idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth
and the need to search for truth.
3. He advocated that physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
4. In 1916, He travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against
the oppressive plantation system.
The Idea of Satyagraha
1. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January, 1915. His heroic fight for the Indians in South
Africa was well-known. His novel method of mass agitation known as Satyagraha had yielded
good results.
2. The idea of Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
3. In 1916, Gandhi travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the
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oppressive plantation system.

4. In 1917, crops field in Kheda district of Gujrat, but the government refused to remit land
revenue and insisted on its full collection.

5. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi intervened in a dispute between workers and mill owners of
Ahmedabad. He advised to workers to go on strike and to demand a 35% increase in wages.

6. Satyagraha brought Gandhiji into close touch with the workers in the urban areas.

The Rowlatt act:

1. When the Rawlatt act 1919, was passed hurriedly through the Imperial Legislative Council
inspire of unanimous opposition of the Indian members, Gandhiji’s patience comes to an
end.

2. Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start
with a hartal on 6th April.

3. 6th April 1919 was observed as Satyagraha Day when people all over the country observed
fast and hartal.

4. 1919, the country witnessed a remarkable political awakening in India.

5. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering
Delhi.

6. On 10th April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoking widespread
attacks on banks.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre:

1. A large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jalliawalla Bagh.
2. People came to protest against government’s repressive measure while some came to attend
the annual Baisakhi fair.
3. General Dyer entered the area. Blocked the exit points and opened fire on the crowd,
killing hundreds.
4. The government responded with brutal repression seeking to humiliate and terrorise people.
5. Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets and do
Salaam (salute) to all Sahibs.

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Khilafat movement
1. Rowlatt Satyagraha had been a widespread movement, it was still limited mostly to cities
and towns.
2. Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad based movement in India.
3. But he was certain that no such movement could be organized without bringing the Hindus
and Muslims closer together.
4. The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. There were rumors that a
harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman Emperor, who was the spiritual
head (Khalifa) of the Islamic world.
5. The Muslims of India decided to force Britain to change her Turkish policy.
6. A Khalifa Committee was formed under the leadership of Maulana Azad, Ajmal Khan and
Hasrat Mohani.
7. A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali began
discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue.
Differing strands within the movement:
1. Rebellion in the countryside: – From the cities, the noncooperation movement spread to the
2. countryside. After the war, the struggles of peasants and tribal were developing in different
parts of India.
3. One movement here war against talukdars and landlords who demanded from
peasant exorbitantly high rents and a variety of other cesses.
4. Peasants had to do begar. The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, an
abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
5. Oudh Kisan Sabha was setup headed by. Jawaharlal Nehru and other, within a month, over
300 branches had been set up by the villagers.
6. Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of Swaraj in yet
another way.
7. The colonial government had closed large forest areas preventing people from entering
the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuel wood and fruits.
8. Alluri Sitaram Raju Claimed that he had a variety of special powers. He asserted that India could
be liberated only by the use of force.
Towards Civil Disobedience
1. Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922.
2. The movement was turning violent in many places and satyagarhis needed properly trained for
mass struggle.
3. CR Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to
council politics.
4. Salt was a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
5. Salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers.
6. Finally, Mahatma Gandhi once again decided to call off the movement and entered into a pact
with Irwin on 5 March 1931.
7. Participants saw the movement in different angle such as Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Uttar
Pradesh.
8. To organise business interest, formed the Indian Industrial and commercial congress in 1920
and Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI).
9. Gandhi called to Untouchable that is Harijan, Children of God.

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The Sense of Collective Belonging:

1. Nationalist Movement Spreads when people belonging to different regions and
communities begin to develop a sense of collective belongingness. The identity of a nation is
most often symbolized in a figure or image.
2. This image of Bharat Mata was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1870
when he wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ for our motherland. Indian folk songs and folk sung by
bards played an important role in making the idea of nationalism. In Bengal, Rabindranath
Tagore and in Madras, Natesa, Sastri collection of folk tales and songs, which led the
movement for folk revival.
1. During the Swadeshi Movement, a tri-color ( red, green and yellow ) flag was designed in
Bengal. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces and a crescent moon representing
Hindus and Muslims.
2. Means of creating a feeling of nationalism was through reinterpretation of history. The
nationalist writers urged the readers to take pride in India’s great achievements in the past
and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule.

Q1. Who was the writer of the book ‘Hind Swaraj’?

(a) Rabindranath Tagore (c) Mahatma Gandhi

(b) B.R. Ambedkar (d) Jawahar Lai Nehru

Ans: (c) Mahatma Gandhi

Q2. Khilafat Committee was formed in 1919 in the city of

(a) Bombay (c) Lucknow

(b) Calcutta (d) Amritsar

Ans: (a) Bombay

Q3. Which of the following was the reason for calling off the Non-cooperation Movement
by Gandhiji?

(a) Pressure from the British Government (c) Gandhiji’s arrest

(b) Second Round Table Conference (d) Chauri-Chaura incident

Ans: (d) Chauri-Chaura incident

Q4. Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi, was the leader of which of the following movements?
(a) Khilafat Movement
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(b) Militant Guerrilla Movement of Andhra Pradesh

(c) Peasants’ Movement of Awadh

(d) Plantation Workers’ Movement in Assam

Ans: (c) Peasants’ Movement of Awadh

Q5. Who set up the ‘Oudh Kisan Sabha’?

(a) Alluri Sitaram Raju

(b) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Baba Ramchandra

(c) Jawaharlal Nehru and Shaukat Ali

(d) Mahatma Gandhi

Ans: (b) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Baba Ramchandra

Q6. Under the presidency of Jawahahar Lai Nehru, the Lahore Congress Session of 1929
formalised the demand of
(a) abolition of Salt Tax
(b) ‘Puma Swaraj’ or complete independence
(c) boycott of Simon Commission
(d) separate electorate for the ‘dalits’

Ans: (b) ‘Purna Swaraj’ or complete independence

Q7. A form of demonstration used in the Non-cooperation Movement in which people

block the entrance to a shop, factory or office is

(a) Boycott (c) Picketing

(b) Begar (d) Bandh

Ans: (c) Picketing

Q8. Which party did not boycott the Council elections held in the year 1921?

(a) Swaraj Party (c) Muslim League

(b) Justice Party (d) Congress Party

Ans: (b) Justice Party

Q9. Who visualised and depicted the image of ‘Bharat Mata’ through a painting?
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(a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (c) Natesa Sastri

(b) Rabindranath Tagore (d) Abanindranath Tagore

Ans: (d) Abanindranath Tagore

Q10. In 1916, Gandhiji travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasant to struggle
against the:

(a) Upper caste people (c) Oppressive plantation system

(b) Landless agriculture labourers (d) none of them

Ans: (c) Oppressive plantation system

[Link] among the following was the author of the famous novel ‘Anandamath’?

(a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (c) Natesa Sastri

(b) Abanindranath Tagore (d) Rabindranath Tagore

Ans: (a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

[Link] was Simon Commission sent to India in 1928?

(a) To look into the functioning of Indian constitutional system and suggest reforms.
(b) To try Indian revolutionary leaders.
(c) To frame a new Constitution for India.
(d) To persuade Gandhiji to attend the Round Table Conference.

Ans: (a) To look into the functioning of Indian constitutional system and suggest reforms.

[Link] one of the following is not true regarding the impact of the First World War on
India?
(a) Defence expenditure resulted in increased taxes.
(b) Forced recruitment of soldiers was introduced in the villages
(c) Income tax was introduced and customs duties increased
(d) The hardships ended with the war as the British introduced the Rowlatt Act

Ans: (d) The hardships ended with the war as the British introduced the Rowlatt Act

[Link] reason for Mahatma Gandhiji’s fast unto death in 1932, was
(a) the failure of the Civil Disobedience Movement
(b) the public resort to violence during the Civil Disobedience Movement
(c) the clash with Dr Ambedkar over his demand for a separate electorate for Dalits which
he thought would halt their integration into society
(d) the failure of the Second Round Table Conference

Ans: (c) the clash with Dr Ambedkar over his demand for a separate electorate for Dalits
which he thought would halt their integration into society

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[Link] was the Non-Cooperation programme adopted by the Congress?

(a) At Surat in December 1920 (c) At Calcutta in January 1921

(b) At Nagpur in December 1920 (d) At Bombay in December 1920

Ans: (b) At Nagpur in December 1920

Q16. The slogan given by Gandhi ji during Quit India movement was

(a) Delhi Chalo (c) Go back simon

(b) Do or Die (d) Jai Hind
Ans: (b) Do or Die

Assertion and Reason Questions

Q.1. Assertion (A): The Congress under Mahatma Gandhi tried to connect different groups
together into one movement.
Reasons(R): Unity didn’t come without conflicts.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
1. (b)

Q.2. Assertion (A): Mass processions were a common feature of the Indian national
movement.
Reason(R): People protested for the benefit of their respective social groups.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
2. (C)

Q.3. Assertion (A): The notions of freedom were different for every social group.
Reason(R): Every class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
3. (a)

Q.4. Assertion (A): Rates of taxes were raised and income tax was introduced in colonial
India.
Reason(R): Defence expenditure and war loans after the First World War was financed by
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Indian taxes.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
4. (a)

Q5. Assertion (A): Martial law was imposed in Amritsar during the Rowlatt Satyagraha and
command was given to General Dyer.
Reason(R): General Dyer fired upon a peaceful procession in the streets of Amritsar.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
5. (c)

Q.6. Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi called off the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
Reason(R): Indians were brutally repressed, humiliated and violated with attacks and even
bombing.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
6. (a)

Q.7. Assertion A): The import of foreign cloth in India dropped from Rs102 crore to 57
crore.
Reason(R): Merchants and traders boycott foreign goods and it was even burnt due to
non-cooperation movement.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
7. (a)

Q.8. Assertion (A): Dr B.R. Ambedkar organised Dalits into a Depressed Class Association
in 1930.
Reason(R): Ambedkar and this association ensured a large number of Dalit participation in
Civil Disobedience movement.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
8. (c)

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Q.9. Assertion (A): The Muslim response to Civil Disobedience movement had been
lukewarm and they were apprehended about their position.
Reason(R): Many Muslim leaders and intellectuals were concerned about status of
Muslims and felt they would be submerged by Domination of a Hindu majority.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
9. (a)

Q.10. Assertion (A): The Indian history was reinterpreted by Britishers at the end of
nineteenth century.
Reason(R): Many Indian leaders tried to instil pride among Indians by telling about their
past in a different light from Britishers.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
10. (d)

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1. What was the Rowlatt Act?

Answer: Rowlatt Act gave the government enormous powers to suppress political activities
and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. In other words, the
Act proposed no appeal, no vakil and no daleel.

Q.2. Why was the Khilafat movement started?

Answer: Khilafat movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi and the Ali Brothers,
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali in response to the harsh treatment given to the Caliph of
Ottoman Empire and the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire by the British.

Q.3. What was the main reason to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement?

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation Movement as the movement had
turned violent in many places. The Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 turned into a violent clash
and 22 policemen were killed. Gandhiji felt satyagrahis were not ready for mass struggles.

Q.4. What were the demands of peasant in Awadh?

Answer: (i) The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue.
(ii) Abolition of beggar
(iii) Social boycott of oppressive landlords.

Q.5. Name two main ‘Satyagraha’ movements organized by Mahatma Gandhi successfully
in favour of peasants in 1916 and 1917.

Answer: Indigo Planters Movement in Champaran, Bihar in 1916.

Peasants Satyagraha Movement was organized in Kheda district in Gujarat in 1917 to
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support peasants in the demand for relaxation of revenue collection.

Q.6. Why did people start buying mill cloth instead of Khadi?
Answer: Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth and poor
people could not afford to buy it.

Q.7. What was “Poona Pact”?

Aswer: Poona Pact gave the Depressed Classes reserved seats in provincial and central
legislative councils but they were to be voted in by the general elections.

Q.8. What was the main reason to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation Movement as the movement had
turned violent in many places. The Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 turned into a violent dash
and 22 policemen were killed. Gandhiji felt satyagrahis were not ready for mass struggles.

Q.9. What was Gandhi-Irwin Pact?

Answer: The pact which was signed between Gandhiji and Lord Irwin on 5th March 1931.
Under this pact Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference in London
whereas government agreed to release all the political prisoners.
Q.10. What was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859?
Answer: Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted
to leave the tea gardens without permission.

Q.11. Why did Gandhiji launched Quit India Movement?

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India movement in 1942 to force the British to
leave India. Several members of the Indian National Congress (INC) were arrested during
this movement.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1. Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji.
Answer: (i) The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and need to search for
truth.

(i) Satyagraha advocated that for true cause and struggle against injustice, physical force is
not required to fight with the oppressor.

(ii) Without being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win battle through non-violence.

Q.2. Explain any three facts about the new economic situation created in India by the First
World War.
Answer: The First World War created a dramatically new economic situation in India:
(i) Manchester imports into India declined as the British mills were busy with war
production to meet the needs of the army paving the way for the Indian mills to supply for
the huge home market.
(ii) As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs. As a result,

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new factories were set up, new workers were employed and everyone was made to work
longer hours.
(iii) Cotton production collapsed and exports of cotton cloth from Britain fell dramatically
after the war, as it was unable to modernize and compete with US, Germany, Japan. Hence
within colonies like India, local industrialists gradually consolidated their position capturing
the home market.

Q.3. What were the limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement?

Answer: (i) Dalit participation was limited
(ii) Muslim political leaders were also reluctant towards this movement.

(iii) Industrial workers did not take part in this movement

(iv) The movement was ended without achieving its goals.
Q. 4. What was the role of women in the civil disobedience movement?
Answer: (i) Participated in salt Satyagraha in large numbers
(ii) They also participated in protest marches
(iii) Many women went to jail
(iv) They picketed ay liquor shops

Q. 5. Explain the effects of I World War on India.

Answer: (i) The war created a new political and economic situation.
(ii) Huge increase in defence expenditure.
(iii) Increase in taxes and introduction of income tax.
(iv) Prices increased, doubling between1913-18.
(v) Force recruitment of the soldiers was done in rural areas.

Q. 6. State the reasons behind the growth of nationalism in India during the second half of
the 19th century
Answer: (i) Economic exploitation
(ii) Administrative and economic unification of the country
(iii) Effect of the Western education
(iv) Development of press
(v) Role of the revolution of 1857

Q. 7 Which ideas of the Gandhian programme were adopted by the industrial working
class?
Answer: (i) Boycott of foreign goods

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(ii)Movement against low wages

(iii)Movement against poor working conditions of the workers.

Q. 8 What were the conditions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?

Answer: (i) Mahatma Gandhi signed the pact with Lord Irwin on 5th March, 1931.
(ii)Gandhi agreed to participate in a Round Table Conference in England.

(iii)Government agreed to release all the Political prisoners.

Q. 9 What did the image of Bharat Mata painted by Abanindranath Tagore portray?
Answer: (i) Bharat Mata is portrayed as an ascetic figure.
(ii) She is calm, composed, divine and spiritual.
(iii) This mother figure came to be seen as evidence of one's nationalism.
(iv) Mother figure shown as dispensing learning, food and clothing

Q. 10: Who designed the Swaraj Flag? What were the features of this flag? How was it
used as a symbol of defiance?
Answer: (i) In 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj Flag.
(ii) It was given a tricolour (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the center
representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help.
(iii) Carrying the flag, holding it a loft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

Q.1. Describe the main features of the ‘Salt March’.

Or
How did the Salt March become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism?
Explain.
Answer: Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
(i) Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers.
(ii) The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhi ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati
coastal town of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day.

(iii) He ceremonially violated the British law when by manufacturing salt from sea water.
This has also marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Q.2. How did cultural processes help in creating a sense of collective belongingness in
India? Explain.

Answer: (i) United struggle: Nationalism spread through the experience of united struggle

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but a variety of cultural processes captured the imagination of Indians and promoted a
sense of collective belongingness:
(ii) Use of figures or images: The identity of India came to be visually associated with the
image of Bharat Mata. Devotion to the mother figure came to be seen as an evidence of one’s
nationalism.
(iii) Indian folklore: Nationalists started recording and using folklores and tales, which they
believed, gave a true picture of traditional culture that had been corrupted and damaged by
outside forces. So, preservation of these became a way to discover one’s national
identity’ and restore a sense of price in one’s past.
(iv) Use of icons and symbols in the form of flags: Carrying the tricolour flag and holding it
aloft during marches became a symbol of defiance and promoted a sense of collective
belonging.
(v) Reinterpretation of history: Indians began looking into the past to rediscover the glorious
developments in ancient times in the field of art, science, mathematics, religion and culture,
etc. This glorious time was followed by a history of decline when India got colonized, as
Indian history was miserably written by the colonisers.

Q.3. Explain with examples the role of industrialists in the freedom struggle of India.
Or
Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and industrialists towards the civil
Disobedience Movement.
Answer: Role of merchants and the industrialists in the Civil Disobedience Movement
1. Merchants reacted against colonial policies that restricted business activities.
2. They wanted protection against import of foreign goods and wanted a rupee-sterling
foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
3. Industrialists formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920.
4. They formed the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries
(FICCI) in 1927.
5. They refused to sell or buy imported goods. They gave financial assistance and
supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.
6. Industrialists like G.D. Birla and Purshottamdas Thakurdas attacked colonial control
over the Indian economy.

Q.4. Explain any five major problems posed by the First World War in India.

Answer: (i) In order to meet a huge rise in defense expenditure, the government increased taxes on
individual incomes and business profits.
(ii) Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices
which created great difficulties for the common people.
(iii) The war created a demand for industrial goods like jute bags, cloth, rail, etc. and caused a decline
in imports from other countries into India.
(iv) Indian industries expanded during the war and Indian business groups began to demand greater
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opportunities for development.

(v) Business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war.

Q.5. How could non-cooperation become a movement? Explain with examples.

Answer: (i) It was the view of Gandhiji that the British rule was set in India with the
cooperation of Indians.
(ii) If Indians refused cooperation, British rule in India would collapse within a year and Swaraj
would come.
(iii) Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages.
(iv) In case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be
launched.
(v) Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali toured extensively, mobilising popular support of the
movement.

Q.6. How did the Civil Disobedience Movement come into force in various parts of the
country? Explain with examples.

Answer: Civil Disobedience Movement came into force in various parts of the country:
(i) Gandhiji led the salt march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi with his followers starting
the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(ii) Thousands in different parts of the country broke the salt law, manufactured salt and
demonstrated in front of government salt factories.
(iii) In the countryside, the rich Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in
the movement. As rich communities were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling
prices, they became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(iv) As the depression continued and cash invoice dwindled, the small tenants found it
difficult to pay the rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlords to be remitted and
thus they joined the movement.
(v) Merchants and industrialists supported the movement by giving financial assistance and
also by refusing to buy and sell the imported goods.
(vi) The industrial working class of Nagpur region also participated in the Civil Disobedience
Movement. Railway workers, dock workers, mineral of Chota Nagpur etc. participated in
protest rallies and boycott campaigns.

Q.7. Explain the impact of Jallianwala Bagh incident on the people.

Answer: Impact of Jallianwala Bagh massacre:
(i) News of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre spread like fire and people all over North
India started to protest.
(ii) Police and government building were attacked by the people and they went on
strikes.
(iii) The colonial government reacted with brutal repression. Satyagrahis were
humiliated by rubbing the nose on the ground, crawling and saluting the officers.
(iv) People were flogged and villages were bombed by the government.
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(v) Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement because of the rapid spread of violence.

Q.8.“The plantation workers in Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi
and the notion of Swaraj”. Support the statement with arguments.

Answer: “The plantation workers in Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma
Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj” —
(i) For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of
the confined space in which they were enclosed.
(ii) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 plantation workers were not permitted to leave
the tea gardens without permission.
(iii) Swaraj meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.
(iv) When they heard of the Non-cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the
authorities, left the plantations and headed home.
(v) They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own
village.

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

Q1. Read the extract and answer the questions given below:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930,
clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding
separate electorates for the dalits. When the British Government conceded
Ambedkar’s demand, Gandhi ji began a fast unto death. He believed that separate
electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society. Ambedkar
ultimately accepted Gandhi’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September
1932. It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Scheduled Castes) reserved
seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general
electorate. The Dalit Movement, however, continued to be apprehensive of the Congress led
national movement.
(i) When was the Depressed Classes Association formed and by whom?
(a) in 1930, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (c) in 1930, Motilal Nehru
(b) in 1932, Mahatma Gandhi (d) in 1932, Jawahar lal Nehru
Ans: (a) in 1930, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(ii) At the second-round table conference, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar had a clash with whom?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi

(iii) When was Poona pact signed?

(a) December 1930 (c) September 1932
(b) April 1933 (d) September 1930
Ans: (c) September 1932
(iv) What did Poona Pact offer the depressed classes?
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Ans: It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Scheduled Castes)
reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be
voted in by the general electorate.

Q2. Read the extract and answer the questions given below:

Emboldened with this success, Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha
against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919). This Act had been hurriedly passed through the
Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members. It gave the
government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of
political prisoners without trial for two years. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil
disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April.

(i) Name the act which is being described in the passage.

(a) Satyagraha Act

(b) Rowlatt Act
(c) Government of India Act
(d) East India Company Act

Ans: (b) Rowlatt Act

(ii) What was Rowlatt Act?

Ans: This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council. It gave the
government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of
political prisoners without trial for two years.

(iii) Who opposed this Act?

(a) Gandhiji (c) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru

(b) Lord lrwin (d) Subhas Chandra Bose
Ans: (a) Gandhiji

(iv) was not a provision of this act.

(a) Organisation of Rallies (c) Curb political activities

(b) Detention of Political prisoners (d) All of these
Ans: (a) Organisation of Rallies

Q3. Read the extract and answer the questions given below:
Workers too had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of swaraj. For
plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant to the right to move freely in an out of the
confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village
from which they had come. Under Inland Emigration Act of 1859, Plantation workers were
not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and in fact they were rarely given
such permission. When they heard of the Non-Cooperation movement, thousands of workers
defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home. They believed that Gandhi Raj
was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages. They, however, never
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reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a railway and streamer strike, they were
caught by the police and brutally beaten up.
(i) For plantation workers in , freedom meant the right to move freely
in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed.
(a) Gujarat (c) Punjab
(b) Rajasthan (d) Assam
Ans: (d) Assam
(ii) When Inland Emigration Act was came?
(a) 1860
(b) 1858
(c) 1859
(d) 1861
Ans: (b) 1858

(iii) What was the belief of the workers of the plantations?

Ans: They defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home during Non-
Cooperation movement. They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would
be given land in their own villages

MAP BASED QUESTIONS

[Link] features will be marked on the political outline map of India. Children will Identify
them with the help of the following information and write their correct names.
1. The place where the Indian National Congress session was held in 1927.
2. The place where peasants struggled against the indigo plantation system.
3. The city associated with the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
4. The place where cotton mill workers organised Satyagraha in 1918.
5. Name the place related to the Satyagraha of peasants in Gujarat.
6. The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in September 1920.
7. The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in December 1920.
8. The place where Salt law was broken.

Answer:

[Link] (Now Chennai)

2. Champaran (Bihar)
3. Amritsar
4. Ahmedabad
5. Khera
6. Calcutta (Kolkata)
7. Nagpur
8. Dandi

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CHAPTER- 3
THE MAKING OF GLOBAL WORLD (Sub topic 1 to 1.3)

Globalisation- It is an economic system that has emerged since the last 50 years or so

FEATURES OF PRE-MODERN WORLD:

 Human societies have become steadily more interlinked.

 Travelers, Traders, priest and pilgrims travelled vast distance.

 Indus valley civilization was linked with West Asia.

 Cowries were used as a form of currency.

IMPORTANT ASPECTS
SILK ROUTES:
 Interconnected modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.

 Most well-known silk route connected China to Europe.

FOOD TRAVELS:
 Traders and travellers introduced new crops of the land they travelled.

 Potatoes, soya, maize, groundnuts, tomatoes, chillies introduced in Europe and Asia after
America was discovered.

 Noodles travelled West from China to become spaghetti

CONQUEST, DISEASE AND TRADE:

 In 16th century, European sailors found a sea route to Asia and America.

 The Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonisation of America was under way.

 The most powerful weapon of Spanish conquers was Small Pox which they carried to
America.

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Multiple choice type questions.

1. Match of the Following.

Column A Column B

(I) Indian (A) Pottery

(II) Chinese (B) Pasta
(III) Arab Traders (C) Spaghetti

(IV) Italian (D) Cowries

(A) (I)- (D), (II)- (C), (III)-(A), (IV)- (B)
(B) (I)- (D) ,(II)- (A), (III)- (B), (IV)- (C)
(C) (I)-(C),(II)-(A),(III)-(D),(IV)-(B)
(D) (I)-(D),(II)-(C),(III)-(B),(IV)-(A)

Ans: (A) (I) - (D), (II) - (C), (III) - (A), (IV) - (B)

2. Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered the vast continent that would later become
known as the .

(A) Americas (C) American

(B) West Africa (D) None of these

Ans: (A) Americas

th
3. Until 18 century, which two countries were considered the richest in the world?

(A) China and Japan (C) England and Italy

(B) England and France (D) India and China
Ans: (D) India and China

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