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Nursing Interventions for Electrolyte Imbalances

The document discusses various clinical scenarios involving electrolyte imbalances and fluid management in patients. It highlights the importance of assessing potassium levels in diabetic patients receiving insulin, the use of normal saline for rapid volume restoration in trauma patients, and the management of hyperkalemia in patients with renal failure. Additionally, it addresses fluid overload in heart failure patients and the appropriate IV fluids for correcting hyponatremia due to vomiting.

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abegailmaeo15
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4 views1 page

Nursing Interventions for Electrolyte Imbalances

The document discusses various clinical scenarios involving electrolyte imbalances and fluid management in patients. It highlights the importance of assessing potassium levels in diabetic patients receiving insulin, the use of normal saline for rapid volume restoration in trauma patients, and the management of hyperkalemia in patients with renal failure. Additionally, it addresses fluid overload in heart failure patients and the appropriate IV fluids for correcting hyponatremia due to vomiting.

Uploaded by

abegailmaeo15
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Rationale: Spironolactone is potassium-sparing

and could worsen hyperkalemia.

39. A patient insulin for diabetic


Pecenreceving IV
ketoacidosis becomes confused and irrita
irritable.

Which electrolyte should the nurse assess?


A. Sodium
B. Potassium

C Calcium

Potassium
D.
Rationale: Insulin shifts potassium into cells,

risking hypokalemia and neurological changes.

40. A trauma patient has significant blood loss and


is hypotensive. Which IV solution is best to

restore volume rapidly?


A. D5W
B. 0.45% NaC!
C0.9% NaCL

D. 3% NaC
Rationale: Normal saline is isotonic and

effective for rapid plasma volume replacement.

41. A 64-year-old malewith chronic renal failure

complains of palpitations and muscle twitching


His serum potassium is 6.9 mEq/L. The nurse
notes tall, peaked T-waves on ECG. Which of
the following actions should the nurse
anticipate first?

A. Administer sodium bicarbonate

B. Prepare for emergency dialysis

C. Encourage ambulation

D. Monitorintake and output


Rationale: Severe hyperkalemia is life

threatening: vsis
dialysis mayhe require
immediately.

42. The nurse is caring for a 77-year-old patient

with heart failure receiving IV fluids. During

assessment, the nurse notes jugular vein

distention, crackles in the lungs, and bounding


pulses. Which nursing diagnosis is most
appropriate?
A. Risk for deficient fluid volume
B. Impaired gas exchange

C. Excess fluid volume


D. Decreased cardiac output

Rationale: Classic signs indicate fluid overload,

makingthis the priority diagnosis.

43. A patient with a 3-day history of vomiting is

nitted with confusion


admitted and muscle cramps.
Labs reveal Na+ 124 mEg/L and CI- 86 mEg/L.
What IV fluid does the nurse anticipate?

A. 3%hypertonic saline
B. D5W
C0.9% normal saline
D. 0.45% saline

Rationale: Isotonic saline is the safest initial

fluid to correct hyponatremia from vomiting.

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