Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Objective Question
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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

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ARPANET stands for “Advanced Research Projects Agency Network”.

It was the first wide-area packet-switching network and one of the earliest implementations
of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Developed in the late 1960s by the U.S. Department of Defense's
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), it laid the foundation for the modern Internet.
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Ans. Protocol.

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Here are two key differences between fiber-optic cable and coaxial cable:

1. Transmission Technology and Bandwidth:

* Fiber-optic cable transmits data as pulses of light through very thin strands of glass or
plastic. This allows for extremely high bandwidth, meaning it can carry vast amounts of data
over long distances with minimal signal loss.
* Coaxial cable transmits data as electrical signals through a central copper conductor. It
has a significantly lower bandwidth compared to fiber optics and suffers from more signal
attenuation (degradation) over distance.

2. Immunity to Interference and Security:

* Fiber-optic cable is completely immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) from nearby
power lines, motors, or other cables. It is also very secure, as it does not emit signals and is
extremely difficult to tap into without being detected.
* Coaxial cable is susceptible to electromagnetic interference, which can degrade the signal
quality. It is also less secure, as the electrical signals it carries can be tapped into more easily.
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Here is one advantage and one disadvantage of wired communication over wireless:

Advantage: Reliability and Stability

Wired connections are generally more reliable and stable. They are not susceptible to
interference from other devices (like microwaves or Bluetooth), physical obstacles (like walls),
or signal degradation over distance in the same way wireless signals are. This results in a
consistent, uninterrupted connection with lower latency (ping).

Disadvantage: Lack of Mobility and Convenience

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Wired connections physically tether a device to a network port or router. This greatly restricts
mobility and convenience, as devices cannot be easily moved around without disconnecting
and reconnecting cables. Installation also requires running cables through walls or under
floors, which can be invasive and costly.
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Here are the answers:

(i) Expand the following terms:

* XML: Extensible Markup Language

* PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol

(ii) Give one difference between circuit switching and packet switching.

A key difference is how the path for communication is established and used:

* Circuit Switching: A dedicated communication path is established for the entire duration of
the communication between the two parties. This path is reserved and cannot be used by any
other data until the call is terminated, even during silent periods.
* Packet Switching: No dedicated path is established. Data is broken into packets, and each
packet is sent independently through the network, potentially taking different routes. The
links are shared among many users, making it more efficient.
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Here are the answers for both parts:

A) Advantage and Disadvantage of Star Topology

* Advantage: Easy to troubleshoot and manage. Since each device has its own dedicated
cable to the central hub/switch, a failure in one cable or one workstation does not bring
down the entire network. The faulty connection can be isolated easily.
* Disadvantage: Dependent on the central device. If the central hub or switch fails, the
entire network becomes inoperable. All communication relies solely on this single point of
failure.

B) Expansion and Use of SMTP

* Expansion: SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
* Use: SMTP is the standard communication protocol used for sending and relaying
outgoing email from a client to a server and between email servers. Its primary job is to push
emails out. (Note: It is not typically used for retrieving emails from a server; that is done by
protocols like POP3 or IMAP).

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

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Here are the answers:

(i) Define the term web hosting.

Web hosting is a service that provides individuals and organizations with the storage space
and the necessary technologies on a server to make their website accessible on the Internet.
When you pay for a web hosting service, you are essentially renting space on a physical
server where all your website's files and data are stored and maintained.

(ii) Name any two web browsers.

1. Google Chrome
2. Mozilla Firefox

*(Other common examples include: Safari, Microsoft Edge, Opera, Brave.)*

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Here are two key differences between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching:

1. Path Establishment and Resource Reservation:

* Circuit Switching: A dedicated communication path (circuit) is established from the sender
to the receiver before any data is sent. This path and its bandwidth are reserved for the
entire duration of the communication session, even during silent periods when no data is
being transmitted.
* Packet Switching: No dedicated path is established. Data is broken into individual packets.
Each packet is sent independently and can take a different route to the destination. Network
resources (bandwidth) are used only when a packet is being transmitted, allowing the same
resources to be shared by many users.

2. Nature of the Data Flow:

* Circuit Switching: Provides a continuous, consistent data flow with guaranteed constant
bandwidth and in-order delivery once the circuit is set up. This makes it ideal for real-time
applications like voice calls.
* Packet Switching: Data flow is not continuous and can experience variable delay (jitter) as
packets may take different paths and encounter congestion. Packets can arrive out of order
and must be reassembled at the destination.
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Here are two key differences between XML and HTML:

1. Primary Purpose:

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

* HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is designed to display data and focus on how data
looks. Its main purpose is to structure and present content on web pages (e.g., defining
headings, paragraphs, links, and images).
* XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is designed to store and transport data. Its main
purpose is to describe the structure and meaning of the data itself, independent of how it will
be displayed.

2. Tag Definitions:
* HTML uses a fixed, predefined set of tags (e.g., `<html>`, `<p>`, `<h1>`, `<br>`) that all
browsers are built to understand. The meaning of each tag is specified by the HTML
standard.
* XML allows users to define their own tags based on their needs. The tags are invented by
the author to describe the data (e.g., `<name>`, `<price>`, `<orderid>`). There are no
predefined tags in XML.
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Here are the answers:

(a) Full forms:

* (i) XML: Extensible Markup Language

* (ii) HTTPS: HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure

(b) Use of FTP:

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer files between computers on a network,
typically over the Internet. Its primary uses include:
* Uploading web pages and related files from a local computer to a web hosting server to
make a website live.
* Downloading files from a server to a local computer.
* Managing and organizing files on a remote server (e.g., deleting, renaming, moving files).
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Here are the answers:

(a) Full forms:

* (i) SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

* (ii) PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol

(b) Use of TELNET:

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

TELNET (TErminaL NETwork) is a network protocol used to provide a bidirectional interactive

text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. Its primary use is to
access and manage remote computers or network devices (like routers and switches) over a
TCP/IP network, such as the Internet, by establishing a command-line interface session.

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

As a network expert, here are the best network-related solutions for Event Horizon
Enterprises:

(II) Suggest the most appropriate location of the server inside the MUMBAI campus. Justify
your choice.

Location: ADMIN Block

Justification: The server should be placed in the most central location to minimize the average
distance to all other buildings, reducing latency and improving data transfer speeds for all
users. The ADMIN block has the following distances to other blocks:
* FOOD: 42 m
* DECORATORS: 48 m
* MEDIA: 96 m
This is the most balanced location. Placing it in FOOD or DECORATORS would put it
significantly farther from MEDIA (58m and 46m respectively), and placing it in MEDIA would
isolate it from the other three blocks. Furthermore, the ADMIN block typically houses IT staff,
making physical access and maintenance more convenient and secure.

(III) Which hardware device will you suggest to connect all the computers within each
building?

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Device: Switch

Reason: A switch is an intelligent device that connects multiple devices on a Local Area
Network (LAN). It efficiently manages data traffic by forwarding data only to the specific
device it is intended for, unlike a hub which broadcasts data to all ports. This significantly
improves network performance and security within each building.

(IV) Draw the cable layout to efficiently connect various buildings within the MUMBAI
campus. Which cable would you suggest for the most efficient data transfer over the
network?

Cable Layout: A Star Topology with the server in the ADMIN block acting as the central point.
Each building (FOOD, MEDIA, DECORATORS) will have a dedicated cable run directly back to
the main switch/router in the ADMIN block.

ASCII Layout:
```
[MEDIA] (96m)
|
|
[ADMIN][SERVER/SWITCH]
/ \
/ \
(42m) (48m)
/ \
[FOOD] [DECORATORS]
```

Recommended Cable: Fiber-Optic Cable

Reason: The distances between buildings (up to 96m) are within the effective range for
copper cables like CAT6 (100m), but fiber-optic is the most efficient choice. It offers vastly
superior bandwidth, is completely immune to electromagnetic interference (which is crucial
outdoors), is more secure (difficult to tap), and can easily handle future upgrades in network
speed. It is the standard for modern campus-wide backbone connections.

(V) Is there a requirement of a repeater in the given cable layout? Why/ Why not?

No, a repeater is not required.

Reason: The maximum distance in the layout is 96 meters (from ADMIN to MEDIA). Modern
Ethernet standards (like 1000BASE-T over CAT6 cable) have a maximum segment length of
100 meters without any signal degradation. Since all planned cable runs are under 100
meters, the signal will remain strong enough, eliminating the need for a repeater or extender.

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

A) Recommendation for live visual communication between Mumbai and Delhi:

a) Video Conferencing

Reason: Video conferencing is specifically designed for live, face-to-face visual and audio
communication between two or more locations in real-time. It is the most direct,
professional, and efficient solution for meetings and collaboration between the Mumbai
campus and the Delhi head office. Options like email and instant messaging are text-based
and not live/visual, and telephony is audio-only.

OR

B) Type of network in the MUMBAI campus:

LAN (Local Area Network)

Reason: The network is connecting multiple buildings within a limited geographical area,
specifically a single campus in Mumbai. A LAN is defined as a network that connects
computers within a confined area like an office building, school, or campus. The distances
involved (under 100m) are characteristic of a LAN. A WAN would connect geographically
separate LANs (like Mumbai to Delhi).
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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

As a network expert, here are the tailored solutions for Meticulous EduServe:

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

a) Cable Layout for Chennai Campus

The most efficient cable layout is a Star Topology with the ADMIN block as the central point.
Each building (ENGINEERING, BUSINESS, MEDIA) will have a dedicated cable run directly back
to the main distribution facility in the ADMIN block.

Justification: This topology is highly reliable. A cable failure in one link (e.g., to ENGINEERING)
will not affect the connectivity of the other buildings (BUSINESS and MEDIA). It is also easier
to manage, troubleshoot, and expand.

ASCII Layout:
```
[BUSINESS] (90m)
|
|
[ADMIN][MAIN SWITCH/SERVER]
/ | \
/ | \
(55m) (50m) (50m) <- Distances to ADMIN
/ | \
[ENGINEERING] [MEDIA]
```

b) Network Device to Form a LAN in Each Block

Device: Switch

Reason: A switch is the ideal device for connecting multiple computers within a building to
form a Local Area Network (LAN). It intelligently forwards data only to the specific computer
it is intended for, maximizing network efficiency and security within each block, unlike a
simpler and less efficient hub.

c) Location for the Server in Chennai Campus

Block: ADMIN Building

Justification:
1. Central Location: The ADMIN building has the most balanced distances to all other
buildings (55m to ENGINEERING, 90m to BUSINESS, 50m to MEDIA). This minimizes the
average distance for data travel, reducing latency for all users across the campus.

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

2. Administrative Control: The ADMIN block is the logical hub for IT infrastructure and
personnel, making physical security, maintenance, and management of the server more
convenient and controlled.
3. Highest Number of Computers: With 110 computers, it is the largest node on the network,
justifying the placement of central resources to serve its local users most effectively.

d) Wireless Transmission Medium for Delhi-Chennai Connection

Medium: Satellite Link or Microwave Link (for long-distance, high-speed WAN)

Most Recommended: Leased Line or MPLS over Fiber-Optic (if terrestrial infrastructure exists)
but since the question asks for *wireless*, the answer is:

Satellite Communication

Reason: For a distance of 2175 km between Delhi and Chennai, a standard Wi-Fi or radio
wave is impossible. Satellite communication is the fast and effective wireless medium that
can provide reliable, high-bandwidth connectivity over such a vast geographical distance,
forming a Wide Area Network (WAN). It is independent of terrestrial infrastructure.

*(Note: In practice, a dedicated fiber-optic leased line would be the most effective overall, but
it is a wired medium.)*

e) Requirement of a Repeater

No, a repeater is not required.

Reason: The maximum single cable run in the proposed star layout is 90 meters (from ADMIN
to BUSINESS). This is well within the 100-meter limit for modern Ethernet standards (like
CAT5e or CAT6) without significant signal degradation. Therefore, the signal strength will be
sufficient, and a repeater is unnecessary.

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

As a network consultant, here are the best network-related solutions for MakeInIndia
Corporation's Kashipur campus:

(i) Most Appropriate Block to House the SERVER

Location: App Development Block

Justification: The server should be placed in the most central location to minimize the average
distance to all other blocks, ensuring low latency and efficient data transfer for all users.
* The App Development block has distances of 28m to Web Designing and 55m to Movie
Editing. This is the most balanced location.
* Placing it in Web Designing would put it farther from Movie Editing (32m) and even
farther from App Development (28m is the same, but App Dev has more computers).
* Placing it in Movie Editing would isolate it from the other two blocks (55m to App Dev,
32m to Web Design).
* Furthermore, the App Development block has the highest number of computers (75),
meaning the local users who need the most frequent and heavy access to the server (for
development tools, repositories, etc.) would experience the best performance.

(ii) Device/Software for Data Security

Device/Software: Firewall

Reason: A firewall is a fundamental network security device (either hardware or software)

that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined
security rules. It acts as a barrier between the Kashipur campus's internal trusted network
and external untrusted networks (like the internet), preventing unauthorized access,
cyberattacks, and data breaches.

(iii) Best Wired Medium and Cable Layout

Best Wired Medium: Fiber-Optic Cable

Reason: While the distances are within the range for copper cables like CAT6, fiber-optic is
the best choice for a campus backbone. It offers superior bandwidth, is immune to
electromagnetic interference, is more secure, and is future-proof for increasing data needs,
making it economically efficient in the long run.

Cable Layout: Star Topology with the server in the App Development block as the central
point.

ASCII Layout:
```

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

[Movie Editing] (55m)

|
|
[App Development][SERVER/MAIN SWITCH]
| \
| \
(28m) (32m) <- Distance from Web Designing to Movie Editing is not a direct cable run.
| \
| \
[Web Designing] [Movie Editing] *Note: Movie Editing has two connections?*
```
Correction: In a star topology, each block connects directly to the central point. The correct
layout is:
```
[Movie Editing] (55m)
|
|
[Web Designing]-[App Development]-[SERVER]
(28m) |
|
[Main Link]
```
Clear Layout: All buildings connect directly to the central App Development block.
* App Development to Web Designing: 28m
* App Development to Movie Editing: 55m
There is no direct cable between Web Designing and Movie Editing; all traffic between them
goes through the central switch in the App Development block.

(iv) Placement of Devices

a. Switch / Hub
* Placement: Inside each block (App Development, Web Designing, Movie Editing).
* Reason: A switch (preferred over a hub for its intelligence) is used to connect all the
computers within a single block (e.g., 75 in App Dev) to form a Local Area Network (LAN). It
efficiently manages traffic by sending data only to the intended recipient device on that
network.

b. Repeater
* Placement: Not required in the given layout.
* Reason: The maximum cable run is 55 meters (from App Development to Movie Editing).
This is well within the 100-meter limit for modern Ethernet standards (like CAT5e or CAT6)
where a signal can travel effectively without significant degradation. Therefore, a repeater is
unnecessary.

(v) Protocol for Video Conferencing

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Protocol: SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

Reason: SIP is the standard signaling protocol widely used for initiating, managing, and
terminating real-time interactive communication sessions over the internet. These sessions
can include voice calls, video conferencing, instant messaging, and other multimedia
communications. It is the foundational protocol that enables VoIP (Voice over IP) solutions
like video conferencing between the Kashipur and Mussoorie campuses.
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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

As a network expert, here are the best network-related solutions for 'Swabhaav' NGO:

(i) Most Appropriate Location of the Server

Location: ADMIN Block

Justification: The ADMIN block is the most central and balanced location. It is equidistant
(65m) from all three other blocks (PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, and ICU). This central
placement minimizes the average distance for data travel, reducing latency and ensuring
efficient network performance for all users. Placing the server in any other block would create
an imbalance, making one block much closer while pushing others farther away.

(ii) Hardware Device to Connect Computers Within Each Block

Device: Switch

Reason: A switch is the ideal device to connect multiple computers within a single block to
form a Local Area Network (LAN). It intelligently forwards data packets only to the specific
intended computer, improving network efficiency and security compared to a hub, which
broadcasts data to all devices.

(iii) Cable Layout for Vijayawada Center

The most efficient cable layout is a Star Topology with the server/central switch in the ADMIN
block as the hub. Each of the other three blocks will have a dedicated cable run directly back
to the ADMIN block.

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Recommended Cable: Fiber-Optic Cable for the backbone connecting the buildings. It is
immune to electrical interference (crucial near medical equipment) and offers high
bandwidth for transferring large files like patient records.

ASCII Layout:
```
[PSYCHIATRY] (65m)
|
|
[PSYCHOLOGY] -- [ADMIN] -- [SERVER/MAIN SWITCH] (65m)
(65m) | (65m)
| |
| [ICU]
(Direct connection to ADMIN not shown for PSYCHOLOGY, but it is 65m)
```
Clearer Representation:
* ADMIN to PSYCHIATRY: 65m
* ADMIN to PSYCHOLOGY: 65m
* ADMIN to ICU: 65m
*(The direct distances between other blocks are not used in this efficient star layout).*

(iv) Placement of the Router

Placement: Connected directly to the main switch in the ADMIN block.

Reason: The router is the device that connects the entire local area network (LAN) of the
Vijayawada Center to the internet (Wide Area Network - WAN). Placing it at the central point
(ADMIN block) allows it to efficiently manage all incoming and outgoing internet traffic for
every computer in every block through the central switch. This provides a single point of
control for internet access and security policies for the entire center.

(v) (a) Protocol for Remote Access

Protocol: RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

Reason: RDP is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft that provides a user with a
graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. It is
specifically designed for remote access and control of a Windows-based computer, which is
ideal for the manager to access the Admin block computer as if they were sitting in front of it.

OR

(v) (b) Type of Network in Vijayawada Center

LAN (Local Area Network)

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Reason: The network is connecting multiple computers and blocks within a single, limited
geographical area—specifically, one campus in Vijayawada. The distances involved (under
100m) are characteristic of a Local Area Network (LAN). A WAN would be used to connect
this LAN to the head office in Nagpur.
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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

As a networking expert, here are the solutions for Intotalment Ltd.:

(i) Cable Layout for Chennai Division

The most efficient cable layout is a Ring Topology or a Partial-Mesh Topology to utilize the
shortest paths and provide redundancy. However, given the three locations, a Triangle Layout
(Full-Mesh) is most efficient for direct communication and fault tolerance.

Recommended Layout: A triangle connecting all three locations directly using the shortest
paths.

ASCII Layout:
```
[Trishula] (350m)
/ \
/ \
(415m)/ \(300m)
/ \
[Sudershana] -- [Vajra]
(415m is not used, 300m is shorter from Sudershana to Vajra)
```

Correction for Clarity: Actually, the distances are:

- Vajra to Trishula: 350m
- Trishula to Sudershana: 415m
- Sudershana to Vajra: 300m

Most Efficient Layout: Since the direct link between Sudershana and Vajra is the shortest
(300m), it should be used. However, to avoid a single point of failure, a full mesh is ideal but
costly. A star topology with a central point would require a central location, which isn't
specified.

Final Recommendation: Connect all three locations in a ring: Vajra -- Trishula -- Sudershana --
Vajra. This provides redundancy. If one link fails, data can travel the other way.

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Cable: Fiber-Optic Cable for all connections due to long distances (>100m) and need for high
bandwidth.

(ii) Location to Host the Server in Chennai Division

Location: Vajra

Justification: Vajra has the highest number of computers (120) among the three Chennai
locations. Placing the server here will provide the best local performance for the largest
number of users who will be accessing it most frequently. This reduces the amount of traffic
that needs to travel across the longer network links to Trishula and Sudershana for the most
common requests, optimizing overall network efficiency.

(iii) Wired Transmission Medium for Bengaluru-Chennai Connection

Medium: Fiber-Optic Cable

Reason: For a long-distance connection of 2000 km between Bengaluru and Chennai, fiber-
optic cable is the only fast and effective wired medium. It offers extremely high bandwidth,
low attenuation (signal loss) over long distances, and high security. This would typically be
implemented as a leased line from a service provider to form a reliable Wide Area Network
(WAN).

(iv) Network Device for Connecting Devices Within Each Location

Device: Switch

Reason: A switch is used to connect all digital devices (computers, printers, etc.) within each
individual location (e.g., within the Vajra office). It creates a local area network (LAN) and
intelligently forwards data only to the specific device it is intended for, maximizing network
efficiency and security within that location.

(v) Networking Device to Reduce Data Loss

Device: Switch (if not already using one) or Router

More Accurate Device: Switch (if hubs are being used) or Fiber-Optic Converters (if using
copper cable over long distances).

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Best Answer: Switch (if hubs are in place) or Repeater (if the signal is weakening over
distance).

Correction: For the given distances (300m, 350m, 415m), which exceed the 100m limit for
copper Ethernet cables, the correct device is a Fiber-Optic Converter (at each end) to use
fiber-optic cable, which doesn't require repeaters at these distances.

Final Answer: Use fiber-optic cable with appropriate switches that support fiber ports. If using
copper cable, repeaters are needed every 100m, but fiber is the better solution to eliminate
data loss entirely.
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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Based on the provided information, here are the solutions to the questions (i) to (v):

(i) Suggest the most suitable place to install the server for the Delhi branch with a suitable
reason.

Answer:
The most suitable place to install the server for the Delhi branch is Branch D.
Reason: Branch D has the highest number of computers (115), which means it will generate
and require the most network traffic. Placing the server at Branch D will reduce the load on
the network and improve efficiency by minimizing data travel distance for the majority of the
users. Additionally, it is centrally located among the Delhi branches (with distances of 65m to
A, 35m to B, and 15m to C), which helps in reducing latency and improving access speed for
other branches.

(ii) Suggest an ideal layout for connecting all these branches within Delhi.

Answer:
The ideal layout for connecting all the branches within Delhi is a Star Topology with a Switch
at the center (or a hierarchical star if needed).
Justification:
- The distances between branches are relatively short (15m to 80m), making it feasible to use
a wired star topology.
- Star topology is easy to install, manage, and troubleshoot.
- It provides high scalability—new branches can be added easily.
- Failure of one connection does not affect the entire network.
- Alternatively, a Ring Topology could be considered for redundancy, but star is more practical
for ease of maintenance.

(iii) Which device will you suggest, that should be placed in each of these branches to
efficiently connect all the computers within these branches?

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Answer:
A Switch should be placed in each branch to efficiently connect all the computers within the
branch.
Reason:
- A switch operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) and can efficiently manage data traffic
within a LAN by forwarding data only to the intended device based on MAC addresses.
- It provides dedicated bandwidth to each connected device, improving performance over a
hub.
- It is suitable for the number of computers in each branch (15 to 115).

(iv) Delhi firm is planning to connect to its Marketing department in Kanpur which is
approximately 300 km away. Which type of network out of LAN, WAN or MAN will be
formed? Justify your answer.

Answer:
The type of network formed will be a WAN (Wide Area Network).
Justification:
- The distance between Delhi and Kanpur is 300 km, which is beyond the range of a LAN
(Local Area Network, typically within a building or campus) or a MAN (Metropolitan Area
Network, typically within a city or up to 50 km).
- WANs are designed to connect networks over large geographical areas, such as cities,
countries, or continents, using leased lines, satellites, or other long-range communication
technologies.

(v) Suggest a protocol that shall be needed to provide help for transferring of files between
Delhi and Kanpur branch.

Answer:
The protocol needed for transferring files between Delhi and Kanpur is FTP (File Transfer
Protocol).
Reason:
- FTP is specifically designed for secure and reliable file transfer over a network (such as the
Internet or a WAN).
- It supports authentication, encryption (when used with FTPS or SFTP), and efficient bulk file
transfers.
- Alternatively, SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) or HTTPS (for web-based file transfer) could
be used for enhanced security.

Summary of Answers:
| Question | Answer |
|-|--|
| (i) | Branch D (due to highest number of computers and central location) |

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

| (ii) | Star Topology |

| (iii) | Switch |
| (iv) | WAN (due to large distance of 300 km) |
| (v) | FTP (or SFTP for security) |

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Based on the provided information, here are the solutions to the questions (i) to (v):

(i) Suggest the most suitable place to install the server for this organization. Also, give reason
to justify your suggested location.

Answer:
The most suitable place to install the server is Building 3.
Reason: Building 3 has the highest number of computers (150) in the Noida campus.
Installing the server here will reduce network traffic and latency for the majority of the users.
It is also centrally located with distances of 120m to Building 1 and 65m to Building 2, which
minimizes data travel distance and improves access speed for other buildings. This placement
optimizes performance and efficiency for the entire local network.

(ii) Suggest the cable layout of connections between the buildings inside the campus.

Answer:
The ideal cable layout for connecting the three buildings (Building 1, Building 2, and Building
3) is a Star Topology with Building 3 as the central node.
Justification:
- Building 3 has the most computers and is the best location for the server, making it the
logical center.
- Distances are within acceptable limits for wired connections (50m to 120m).
- Star topology is reliable, easy to manage, and scalable. If one link fails, it does not affect the
others.
- Alternatively, a Ring Topology could be used for redundancy, but star is simpler and more
efficient for this scenario.

Layout Diagram:
- Building 3 (Central) connected directly to Building 1 (120m) and Building 2 (65m).
- Building 1 and Building 2 are not directly connected to each other; all communication passes
through Building 3.

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

(iii) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification:

- Switch
- Repeater

Answer:
Switch:
- A switch should be placed in each building (Building 1, Building 2, and Building 3) to connect
all the computers within that building.
Justification: Switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) and provide efficient
communication within a LAN by forwarding data only to the intended device. They are
suitable for the number of computers in each building (25, 51, 150) and reduce collision
domains.

Repeater:
- A repeater is not typically required for the given distances (50m, 65m, 120m) as these are
within the maximum segment length for standard Ethernet cables (e.g., 100m for twisted
pair).
- However, if longer cables are used or if signal degradation is observed, a repeater could be
placed between buildings where the distance exceeds 100m. For example, between Building 1
and Building 3 (120m), a repeater might be needed to boost the signal.
Justification: Repeaters regenerate signals to extend the range of a network segment. Since
120m is beyond the 100m limit for Cat5e/Cat6 UTP, a repeater (or better, a fiber optic cable)
is recommended for that link.

(iv) The organization is planning to provide a high-speed link with the head office situated in
Bengaluru, using a wired connection. Suggest a suitable wired medium for the same.

Answer:
The suitable wired medium for the high-speed link between Noida and Bengaluru (1500 km)
is Optical Fiber Cable.
Justification:
- Optical fiber provides high bandwidth, low attenuation, and immunity to electromagnetic
interference.
- It is ideal for long-distance connections (1500 km) and supports high-speed data transfer
(e.g., via leased lines or dedicated fiber links).
- It is secure and reliable for inter-city WAN connections.

(v) The System Administrator does remote login to any PC, if any requirement arises. Name
the protocol, which is used for the same.

Answer:
The protocol used for remote login is SSH (Secure Shell).

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Class XII Subject: Computer Science Topic: Computer Network Marks:10

Justification:
- SSH provides secure encrypted communication for remote login and command execution
over an unsecured network.
- It is more secure than Telnet (which sends data in plain text) and is widely used for
administrative purposes.

Alternatively, RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) might be used for graphical remote access in
Windows environments, but SSH is the standard for secure command-line remote login.

Summary of Answers:
| Question | Answer |
|-|--|
| (i) | Building 3 (due to highest number of computers and central location) |
| (ii) | Star topology with Building 3 as central node |
| (iii) | Switch in each building; Repeater between Building 1 and 3 (if needed for 120m) |
| (iv) | Optical Fiber Cable |
| (v) | SSH (Secure Shell) |

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