Scribd
Upload
20 views11 pages

Septic Tank Design Considerations

This document outlines design considerations for septic tanks, including storage time, hydraulic conditions, and site selection. It provides a detailed design example for a septic tank suitable for a household of eight occupants, calculating necessary volumes and dimensions. The document concludes with a transition to the topic of sewered sanitation.

Uploaded by

Daniel comboni
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views11 pages

Septic Tank Design Considerations

This document outlines design considerations for septic tanks, including storage time, hydraulic conditions, and site selection. It provides a detailed design example for a septic tank suitable for a household of eight occupants, calculating necessary volumes and dimensions. The document concludes with a transition to the topic of sewered sanitation.

Uploaded by

Daniel comboni
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING
I

YEAR 3, Semester II

Tom Kanyike
Email: ndejje@[Link]
Some design considerations
Quantity of wet faeces excreted by adults in grams/person/day
Some design Considerations…
Suggested maximum sludge accumulation rates (l/person/year)
Some design Considerations…
Recommended Infiltration Capacities
Design principles of Septic Tanks
• To provide sufficient storage time for the sewage in
the tank to allow separation of solids & stabilization
of liquid
• To provide stable hydraulic conditions for efficient
settlement & floatation of solids
• Ensure that the tank is large enough to store
accumulated sludge and scum
• Ensure that no blockages will occur & ensure enough
ventilation for gases
Design Aspects of Septic Tanks
• Site selection (Read about requirements)
Design Aspects of Septic Tanks
• Site selection (Read about requirements)

• The tank should be seeded with sludge from a tank


that has been operating for some time
Design Example 3
Design a septic tank suitable for a household with up to
8 occupants in a low-density housing area in which the
houses have full plumbing, all household wastes go to
the septic tank and the nominal water supply is
200L/c/d. water is used for anal cleaning and the
ambient temperature is not less than 25oc for most of
the year. Assume sludge accumulation rate of
40L/c/year, sizing factor of 1 and emptying after 3 years.
Solution
• Step 1 (Calculate volume of liquid entering tank)
• Step 2 (Calculate volume of sludge & scum)
• Step 3 (Determine total tank volume)
• Step 4 (Determine the plan dimensions)
Design Example 3…
P = 8; Q = 200L/c/d; T = 25oc; N = 3; F = 1.0; S = 40L/c/d
• Step 1 (Calculate volume of liquid entering tank)
V1 = P x 90% of Q;
V1 = 8 x 0.9 x 200 = 1440 liters

• Step 2 (Calculate volume of sludge & scum)


V2 = P x N x F x S
V2 = 8 x 3 x 1 x 40 = 960 liters

• Step 3 (Determine total tank volume)


Total tank Volume (V) = V1 + V2
= 1440 + 960 = 2400 liters
Design Example 3…
• Step 4 (Determine the plan dimensions)
Start by assuming;
• Liquid depth; say 1.5m
• Tank width = W
• Length: Breadth ratio = 2-3:1
• 2 compartments with ratio of 1st:2nd compartment = 2:1
Recall that V = area x depth
= (length x width) x depth
= (2W + W) x W) x 1.5 = 4.5W2
Hence; 4.5W2 = 2400L or (2.4m3)
W = 0.73m
Thus Length of 1st compartment = 2W = 1.46m
Length of 2nd compartment = W = 0.73m
Total depth = liquid depth + freeboard = 1.5+0.3 = 1.8m
END OF LECTURE

Next is;

• SEWERED SANITATION

You might also like