CHAPTER-IV

METHODOLOGY

Schematic representation of research methodology

A research methodology is always regarded as its blueprint. It is described as a group of
procedures, approaches, and resources used in the research project and also describe a
methodical approach to of carrying out specific activities. This chapter covers the research
approach, design of the study, variables of study, setting, population, sample, sample size,
and sampling procedure, process for developing and describing the tool, interpretation of
the results, reliability and validity, pilot research, method for gathering data, method for
developing tool, method for gathering data, and strategy to analyze data used in the study.

RESEARCH APPROACH:
The researcher used a quantitative with evaluative approach in this study because it helps
to explain the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variables and since the
study is intended to evaluate the “Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on
Knowledge Regarding Basic Life Support Among Nursing Students of College of
Nursing, AIMS, Sri Muktsar Sahib” by comparing the differences between pre-test and
post-test scores and finding the association of pre test knowledge score with demographic
variables.

RESEARCH DESIGN:
The research design adopted in this study was Pre-Experimental Design with One
Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design.
Schematic representation of the research design is as follows,

Pre-test Intervention Post-test

O1 X O2

O1: Pre-test assessment of Socio-demographic characteristics and assessment of

knowledge regarding basic life support among nursing students of College of Nursing,
AIMS, Sri Muktsar Sahib by using structured questionnaires.

X: Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge includes about basic life support:

definition, causes, types, and methods of identification the importance of supportive
interventions.

O2: After 07 days, the research group took a post-test utilising the same structured
questions to gauge their knowledge regarding basic life support
VARIABLES UNDER STUDY:
Independent Variable:
In the present study the independent variable is the structured teaching programme on
basic life support
Dependent Variable:
In the present study, dependent variable is knowledge of nursing students about the basic
life support.
Attribute Variable:
In this present study the extraneous variables will be personal characteristics data which
includes age, gender, residential area, educational status of father, educational status of
mother, previous knowledge and sources of information regarding basic life support.

SETTING:
Setting of the study refers to the area chosen by the research scholar to conduct this study.
The setting is the specific place where information is gathered by the researcher.
According To Polit And Hungler (1999) “the researcher needs to decide where the
intervention will be implemented and where the data will be collected.”
Present study was conducted at College of Nursing, AIMS Sri Muktsar Sahib. Further the
rational for selecting the institution was:
 Availability of the subjects
 Easy accessibility
 Expected co-operation from various health personnel’s
 Familiarity with the setting
 Convenience for the researcher
 Economy of the time
 Feasibility of the study

POPULATION:
Target Population:
The population on which the results of the study can be applied is called population for the
research project. The people of the current study consist of the Nursing Students of
College of Nursing, AIMS, Sri Muktsar Sahib.
SAMPLE:
For the present study the samples are [Link]. nursing Students of College of Nursing,
AIMS, Sri Muktsar Sahib through sampling frame who fulfils the predefined inclusion
criteria during the study period were regarded as the study subjects.

SAMPLE SIZE
Sample size concerns to the number of subjects or observations added in a research. This
number is usually represented by “n”. It is a group of participants that are recruited from
the general people and is reflected a representative of real populations for that the specific
study.
In this study, 40 nursing students

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
To carry out this study, Researcher had selected some samples for his study. Researcher
using this type of technique is called sampling technique. A sampling technique, non-
probability convenient has been used for this study, which is very beneficial for the study.

CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION:

The study participants were chosen using the all-inclusive criteria listed below.
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Nursing students who are willing to participate.
2. Nursing students who are present at the time of study.
3. Students between the age group 17-25 yrs.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Nursing students who have attended CPR programme recently.
2. Any alteration in sensory perception.

DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL:

The researcher needs to be very careful in reviewing the existing theory linked to the
referring to the researcher's concept as a starting point in the tool building process.
The following is a list of the procedures taken in constructing questionnaire to assess
knowledge regarding basic life support among nursing students
1. Using reviews of diverse literatures search for theoretical foundations to develop items.
2. Designing each individual component and creating the blueprint.
3. The tool was developed and further development of evaluation criteria through the
knowledge score was done.
4. Established Content validity and construct validity of the tool through the subject
experts.
5. Pre testing of the tool for reliability and validity was done.
6. Conducted an item analysis to discard the poor items based on the discriminative index.
7. Finalized the tool for the data collection process.

DETAILS OF THE TOOLS OR INSTRUMENT USED:

The sections included in it are as follows:
PART-I: Socio graphic variables of nursing students
This consists of the socio demographic information of the nursing students such as age,
gender, type of family, place of residence, source of information.
PART-II: Structured Knowledge Questionnaires on basic life support
Section-A: Structured Knowledge Questionnaire on basic life support (50 MCQs).
There are 50 items total in this survey on basic life support, which is divided into four
categories: “Information in general on basic life support, knowledge of basic life support
in case of CPR, knowledge of basic life support in case of infant CPR, knowledge of basic
life support in case of choking. Correct responses will receive a score of "1," while
erroneous responses will receive a score of "0." 50 is the highest possible score. Each
multiple-choice question has four possible answers.
Section-B: Structured Teaching Program
This structured teaching programme (STP) consists of introduction of basic life support,
definition, concept, types of basic life support, general concept of CPR, risk factors,
causes, symptoms, diagnostic etc.

INTERPRETATION OF SCORE:
Section-A: Structured Knowledge Questionnaire on basic life support:
It has 50 different items. Correct responses will receive a grade of "1," while erroneous
responses will receive a value of "0." 50 is the highest possible score. Each multiple-
choice question has four possible answers. The interpretation of the depth of knowledge is:

Sl. No Level of Knowledge Score Range %age

 1. Inadequate Knowledge < 25 <50%
2. Moderately 26-38 51-75%
Knowledge
3. Adequate Knowledge 39-50 >75%
ESTABLISHING CONTENT VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE TOOL:
Validity:
Content validity of the structured knowledge questionnaire and structured teaching
programme (STP) for effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge
regarding basic life support among nursing students of college of nursing, AIMS, Sri
Muktsar Sahib was established by thoroughly circulating the drafts of these tools among
experts in the field of Medical Surgical Nursing, Child Health Nursing, Mental Health
Nursing and Obstetrics and gynecologist by getting their valuable suggestions. Their
suggestion was incorporated and necessary modifications were made.

Reliability:
In order to determine the clarity of the items and the time needed to complete the
questionnaire, 10 nursing students were given the validated tools as part of a pre-test. All
of the items had obvious appropriate responses, and it had taken the subjects roughly an
hour to complete the questionnaires. The tool's stability was examined using the
Knowledge Questionnaire's Cronbach's coefficient (α) value was 0.76, which indicated
that the range score for the reliability coefficient was very dependable; as a result, the
tools were determined to be practicable and at an acceptable level.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION:
Ethical consideration:
 Ethical permission was obtained from ethical committee of College of Nursing AIMS,
Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab
 Written informed consent was obtained from nursing students.

PILOT STUDY:
The pilot study, which had a sample size requirement of 40 nursing students, was carried
out in the month of Nov. 2025 at College of Nursing AIMS, Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab.
The concerned authorities gave the investigator official written consent. By guaranteeing
the participants' privacy, informed consent was achieved.
Participants' answers to structured questionnaires on knowledge were used to compile the
data. The nursing students received a structured teaching program on basic life support
including lectures and group discussions accompanying the power point presentation's
material. The same questionnaires were used to evaluate nursing student’s knowledge. 15
days later. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the acquired data. The
outcomes demonstrated that the tools were feasible and practical for achieving the goals.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:

The information was gathered from nursing students of college of Nursing, AIMS, Sri
Muktsar Sahib, Punjab between 10 Nov. 2025 and 17 Nov. 2025 using the following
sampling criteria:
Steps of data collection for the final study:
 A written permission was obtained from the authorities of College of Nursing AIMS,
Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab for conducting the study. Study subjects privacy,
confidentially and anonymity were guarded throughout the study. Scientific objectivity
of the study was maintained with honesty and impartially.
 Non Probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. The
sample who met the inclusion criterion was included in the study.
 Written informed consent was obtained from nursing students before enrolling them in
the study. The study samples were explained about the nature and purpose of the study.
They were assured about the anonymity and confidentiality of the data obtained from
them.
 In this study structured knowledge questionnaire was used to obtained data relevant to
the study objectives and research questions.
 The investigator had personally taken the knowledge schedule questionnaire in order to
assess the pre test knowledge regarding basic life support
 After the pre test, at the same time STP was give to the nursing students .
 The post test was conducted after 7 days time interval of STP.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:

The gathered data were coded, processed, and analysed using the necessary descriptive
and inferential statistical techniques.
1. Socio-demographic characteristics was analysed by frequency and percentage.
2. For evaluating the effectiveness of structured teaching program on level of knowledge,
regarding basic life support, descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage
distribution, mean, range, variance, and standard deviation are used.
3. The efficiency of the structured teaching program was evaluated using inferential
statistics such as the Paired’t’ test.
4. Chi-square test examines the association between knowledge score and socio
demographic variables.

Summary:
This chapter covered the research methods used in the current study. It included the
research methodology, the research design, the variables being studied, the research
setting, the population being studied, the sample size, the sampling technique, the
development of the data collection tools, a description of the tools, the determination of
the validity and reliability, the pilot study, the method of data collection, and the strategy
for data analysis.