5B Lesson Worksheet 10.0 (Refer to Book 5B P.10.

3)

Objective: To review angle of elevation, angle of depression, bearings, and the relationship among points,
straight lines and planes.
[In this worksheet, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Angle of Elevation and Angle of Depression

1. In the figure, AB and CD represent two vertical towers on the same horizontal A
ground. E is a point between B and D such that AE = 85 m, BE = 40 m and
85 m C
ED = 30 m. The angle of depression of E from C is 56°.
56°
The angle of elevation of X
(a) Find the angle of elevation of A from E. from Y is equal to the angle
(b) Find the height of the tower CD. of depression of Y from X.
B 40 m E 30 m D

angle of
elevation horizontal
angle of line
depression

2. In the figure, B and C are two points on the same sea level. The angles of A
elevation of the top A of a cliff from B and C are 42° and 64° respectively. If
BC = 15 m, find the height AD of the cliff.
Review Ex: 1

42° 64°
B 15 m C D

First express CD and

BD in terms of AD.

Bearings

In each of the following, write down the reduced bearing and the whole circle bearing of X from O. [Nos. 3–4]
3. Reduced bearing: N 4. Reduced bearing: N
15.5°
W E W E
Whole circle bearing: O Whole circle bearing: O
X
44°
X S S
For reduced bearing, acute angles are used. Measure For whole circle bearing, the integral part of
directions from N or S, and turn to E or W. an angle is written in three digits.

3
5. In the figure, ∠PQR = 90°. Find the whole circle bearing of Q from R. N

Review Ex: 2 P
N
35°

Q
N

Relationship among Points, Straight Lines and Planes

6. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cube.
Review Ex: 3−6 A D

(a) Write down the projection of the line AH on each of the following planes. B C
(i) EFGH (ii) ADEF F E

(b) Write down the angle between the line AH and each of the following planes. G H
Angle between PQ P
(i) ABGF (ii) ABCD
and plane π
π
Q R

RQ is the projection of PQ on plane π.

7. In the figure, ABCDEF is a triangular prism whose base ABC is a right-angled triangle. A
(a) Write down the angle between the line CF and each of the following planes. C
B E
(i) ACDE (ii) ABFE
D
(b) Write down the angle between the plane BFDC and each of the following planes.
F
(i) ACDE (ii) ABFE

Level Up Question

8. In the figure, the bearing of pier B from pier A is N48°E and the N
B N
bearing of pier B from pier C is N42°W. The bearing of pier A from
42°
pier C is 245°. A and B are 7 km apart. 7 km
N C 245°
(a) Find ∠ABC.
48°
(b) A ship sails from A to C in a straight line at a speed of 4 km/h.
Can the ship reach C within 2 hours? Explain your answer. A

4
 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.1 (Refer to Book 5B P.10.6)

Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems in two dimensions.

[In this worksheet, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Problems in Two Dimensions

We can use the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems involving angle of elevation, angle of
depression and bearing in two dimensions.

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

In the figure, two trees AB and CD stand vertically In the figure, EF and GH are two buildings standing
on the same horizontal ground. If AB = 5 m, BD = 4 m vertically on the same horizontal ground. The angle
and AD = 7 m, find the angle of elevation of D from A. of depression of E from G is 35° and that of H from
4m D E is 40°. If EH = 58 m, find the height of building GH.
B
X G
35°
5m
7m E Y
40°
A C 58 m

In △ABD, by the cosine formula, F H

AB 2 + AD 2 − BD 2 ∠EGH = ( )−( )=( )

cos ∠BAD =
2 × AB × AD ∠GEY = ( )
52 + 7 2 − 4 2 ?
∠GEH = ( )+( )=( )
=
2× 5× 7
∠BAD = 34.048°, cor. to 5 sig. fig. In △EGH, by the ( ) formula,
∠DAC = ∠BAC − ∠BAD GH ( )
=
sin ( ) sin ( )
= 90° − 34.048°
( )( )
= 56.0°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. GH = m
∴ The angle of elevation of D from A is 56.0°.
=(
( )
) m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The height of building GH is .

1. In the figure, a balloon is at C. A and B lie on the same horizontal ground.

C
A, B and C lie on the same vertical plane. The angle of elevation of C from
A is 68°. If AB = 9 m and AC = 16 m, find the distance between B and C. 16 m

∠CAB = ( )−( )=( )

△ABC, by the (
68°
In ) formula, A 9m B
?

Ex 10A: 1−6

5
Instant Example 2 Instant Practice 2
In the figure, the bearings of islands Q and R from In the figure, the bearings of cities B and C from city A
island P are 129° and 235° respectively. The bearing are S15°W and S54°E respectively. The bearing of B
of island P from island R is 055°. If PQ = 18 km from C is N78°W. If AB = 15 km, find the distance
and QR = 24 km, find the whole circle bearing of Q between B and C. N
from R. A
N
With the notation in
54°
∠QPR = 235° − 129°
N P 129° the figure,
15 km
N
55° 18 km 15° α
= 106° 235° α=( ) B
R
78°
By the sine formula, 24 km Q ∠BAC = ( )+( )=( ) C
18 km 24 km ∠ACB = ( )−( )=( )
=
sin ∠PRQ sin 106° By the ( ) formula,
18 sin 106° BC ( )
sin ∠PRQ = =
24 sin ( ) sin ( )
∠PRQ = 46.133°, cor. to 5 sig. fig. ( )( )
BC = km
The required angle = 55° + 46.133° ( )
= 101°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =( ) km, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The required bearing is 101°. ∴ The distance between B and C is .

2. In the figure, the bearing of pier Z from pier Y is S48°E. Pier X is 17 km from Y N
and 14 km from Z. If YZ = 8 km, find the reduced bearing of X from Y. X
N 17 km
By the ( ) formula, Y 14 km
( 2
) +( ) −(2
) 2
? 48°
cos ∠XYZ =
2( )( ) 8 km Z

Ex 10A: 8−10

Level Up Question

3. In the figure, Peter stands at P and observes a bird flying horizontally from X to Y, where XY = 26 m.
The angles of elevation of X and Y from P are 28° and 54° respectively. Is the bird more than 10 m
away from Peter when it reaches Y? Explain your answer.
26 m
Y X

54° 28°
P

6
 10 Applications in Trigonometry

 Consolidation Exercise 10A

[In this exercise, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Level 1
1. In the figure, A and B are 72 m apart on a horizontal ground. The C
distances of a bird C from A and B are 56 m and 36 m respectively. A, 56 m 36 m
B and C lie on the same vertical plane. Find the angle of depression of
B from C. A 72 m B

2. In the figure, two people at A and B observe a bus at D. C and D are A

points on the horizontal ground. The distances of A from B and D are 9m 19 m
9 m and 19 m respectively. If the angle of depression of D from B is B
25°
25°, find the angle of elevation of A from D.
C D
3. In the figure, D is a helicopter. A and C lie on the horizontal ground.
D
D, A and C lie on the same vertical plane. The angles of depression of 31° 53°
A and C from D are 31° and 53° respectively. If CD = 51 m, find the 51 m
distance between A and C.
A C

4. The figure shows a vertical tower AB. PBQ is a straight line on the A
horizontal ground. The angles of elevation of A from P and Q are 31°
and 50° respectively. If PQ = 80 m, 50°
31°
(a) find the distance between A and P, P B Q
80 m
(b) find the height of the tower AB.

5. In the figure, AB is a vertical building. BCD is a straight line on the A

horizontal ground. The distance between C and D is 70 m. The angles 41°

of depression of C and D from A are 68° and 41° respectively. 68°

(a) Find the distance between A and C.
(b) Find the height of the building AB. D 70 m C B

6. The figure shows a tree AC. B is a point on AC such that AB = 6 m. C A

and D are points on the horizontal ground. The distance between B
6m
and D is 10 m. The difference between the angles of elevation of A 27°
and B from D is 27°. B
(a) Find the angle of depression of D from A. D C
(b) Find the height of the tree.
7
7. In the figure, a hot air balloon travels vertically upward from P. A
video recorder is placed at Q, where P and Q lie on the same
B
horizontal ground. When the hot air balloon reaches A, the distance A
between A and Q is 130 m. When the hot air balloon reaches B, the 150 m
130 m
distance between B and Q is 150 m. The difference between the
angles of depression of Q from A and B is 3°. If the average speed of
P Q
the hot air balloon when travelling from A to B is 2 m/s, find the time
taken by the balloon to travel from A to B.

8. In the figure, CD is a vertical building. ABD is a straight line on the C

horizontal ground. Danny walks from A to D at a constant speed of
37° 18°
1.2 m/s and reaches B 3 minutes later. He finds that the angles of D B A
elevation of C from A and B are 18° and 37° respectively. Find the
difference between the distances of C from A and B.

9. In the figure, cities B and C are 86 km apart. The bearings of B and C N

from city A are S14°E and S56°E respectively. The bearing of C from A
B is N66°E.
56°
(a) Find ∠ACB. 14°
N
(b) Find the distance between A and B. 66° C
86 km
B

10. In the figure, ships A and C are 100 km apart. Ships B and C are 80 N C
km apart. The bearings of B and C from A are S70°E and N68°E 68°
100 km
respectively. ∠ABC is an acute angle. A 80 km N
(a) Find the bearing of C from B. 70°
B
(b) Find the distance between A and B.

11. In the figure, the bearings of car B and car C from car park A are N
N37°E and N63°W respectively. The distance between A and B is 9.2 B

km. The distance between A and C is 7 km.

N
(a) Find the distance between B and C. C 37° 9.2 km
63°
7 km
(b) Find the bearing of C from B.
A

12. In the figure, the bearings of checkpoints Q and R from P are 077° N
77°
and 202° respectively. PQ = 14 m and PR = 24 m. 14 m Q
P
(a) Find the distance between Q and R.
202°
(b) Find the bearing of Q from R. 24 m
(c) Find the area of the triangle formed by P, Q and R.
R
8
13. In the figure, the bearing of town B from town A is 114°. The bearing N
of town C from town B is 240°. The distance between A and B is 260 114°
N
A 260 km
km. A car leaves B and travels at a constant speed of 48 km/h for 5
hours to C. B
(a) Find the distance between A and C. 240°
(b) If the car travels from C to A, in which direction does the car travel? C

Level 2
14. In the figure, AB and CD are two buildings. They stand vertically on C

the same horizontal ground. The height of AB is 27 m. The angles of

elevation of C from A and B are 32° and 48° respectively. Find the A 32°

horizontal distance between the two buildings. 27 m

48°
B D

15. In the figure, AB is a flagpole standing vertically on the horizontal 15° C

ground. CD is a ladder leaning against a vertical wall. B and D lie on A 4.5 m
the same horizontal ground. The angle of elevation of A from D is 41°.
5m
The angle of depression of A from C is 15°. The distances of C and D
41°
from A are 4.5 m and 5 m respectively. B D
(a) Find the length of the ladder.
(b) Find the distance between the flagpole and the vertical wall.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of C from B.

16. In the figure, the height of a vertical tree is 21 m. Bird A is at the top B
of the tree. Bird B is flying in the sky. Prey P is on the horizontal 66°
ground. A, B, C and P lie on the same vertical plane. The angles of 43°
A
depression of P from A and B are 31° and 66° respectively. The angle 31°
of elevation of B from A is 43°. 21 m
(a) Find the horizontal distance between the prey and the tree.
(b) Find the distance between the two birds. C P

(c) Bird A flies straight to P at an average speed of 11 m/s. Bird B

flies straight to P at an average speed of 12 m/s. Both birds start
to fly to P at the same time. Which bird will arrive at the location
of P first? Explain your answer.

17. In the figure, EF is a river. AB and CD are two vertical buildings. C

BEFD is a straight line on the horizontal ground. The angles of 57°
depression of E and F from A are 57° and 38° respectively. The angles A
38°
of elevation of C from E and F are 55° and 70° respectively. It is given
that CE = 115 m. 70°
(a) Find the width of the river EF. B E 55° F D

9
 (b) Find the heights of the two buildings AB and CD.
(c) Find the horizontal distance between the two buildings.
(d) Find the angle of depression of A from C.
18. In the figure, a car travels straight from town A to town C in 6 hours. N
The bearing of C from A is S49°E. The bearings of A and C from N
A
town B are N75°W and S27°W respectively. The distance between B 75°
49° B
and C is 165 km. 165 km
(a) Find ∠BAC. (b) Find the average speed of the car.
C 27°

19. In the figure, P, Q and R are three ports. The bearing of Q from P is N
143°
055°. The bearing of R from Q is 143°. P and R are 179 km apart. Q Q
and R are 126 km apart. N
55° 126 km
(a) Find the distance between P and Q.
P
(b) Find the bearing of P from R. 179 km R
(c) A radar located at Q can detect any ship within 80 km. If a ship
sails from P to R in a straight line, can the ship be detected by the
radar? Explain your answer.

20. In the figure, ABC is a triangular garden. B is 18 m from A. The C

N
bearings of B and C from A are S67°E and N63°E respectively. The 63° 14°
bearing of C from B is N14°W. A N

(a) Find the distance between A and C. 67°

18 m
(b) Find the area of the garden ABC.
B
(c) A straight path from B to AC is built. Can the length of the path
be shorter than 13.5 m? Explain your answer.

21. In the figure, the bearing of town B from town A is 338°. The bearing N
of town C from B is 228°. The bearing of A from C is 086°. The B 228°
distance between A and B is 44 km. 44 km
N N
(a) Find ∠ABC. 86°
(b) Find the distance between A and C. A
C
(c) Town D is 22 km due south of C. 338°
(i) Find the distance between A and D.
(ii) Find the bearing of D from B.

22. A logistics group owns three warehouses (A, B, C) and a triangular B

C
land ABC, as shown in the figure. A and B are 30 m apart. The N
30 m
bearings of B and C from A are N21°W and N59°E respectively. The 59°
21°
area of the triangular land ABC is 650 m2. A
(a) Find the distance between A and C.
(b) Find the bearing of B from C.

10
 (c) A new warehouse D is built to replace warehouse C. D is 16 m
apart from C. The bearing of C from D is S33°E. Is the area of
the new triangular land ABD smaller than that of the triangular
land ABC? Explain your answer.
23. Two piers A and B are 125 km apart. The bearing of B from A is 160°.
Ship P leaves A at a constant speed of 30 km/h in the direction of
223° and arrives at island C after 3.5 hours.
(a) Find the distance between B and C.
(b) Find the shortest distance between B and P when P travels from
A to C.
(c) Find the bearing of C from B.

* 24. The figure shows four towns A, B, C and D. B and C are 84 km apart. C
The bearings of B, C and D from A are S30°E, N50°E and S77°E
respectively. The bearings of C and D from B are N17°E and N48°E
N
respectively. 50°
N
(a) Find the distance between A and B. A
77°
(b) Find the distance between A and D. 17° D
30° N
(c) Find the bearing of C from D.
48°
(d) Now, car P travels from A to C in a straight line at a constant
speed of 65 km/h. Ten minutes later, car Q travels from D to C in B
a straight line at a constant speed of 65 km/h. Which car will
arrive at C first? Explain your answer.

* 25. In the figure, ship A leaves port P at 9:30 a.m. and ship B leaves port N
76° S
Q at 10:00 a.m. on the same day. A sails at a constant speed of 24
R
km/h in the direction of 052° and expects to arrive at island R at 2:00
A
p.m. on the same day. B sails at a constant speed in the direction of N
52°
035° and expects to arrive at island S at 4:00 p.m. on the same day.
P 138°
The bearing of Q from P is 138°. The bearing of S from R is 076°. 35°
N B
The distance between P and Q is 71 km. 71 km
(a) (i) Find the distance between P and R. Q
(ii) Find the distance between Q and S.
(b) Find the constant speed of ship B.
(c) Ship B strikes a reef and stops moving at 1:00 p.m. The captain
of ship B immediately sends out an SOS. At 1:30 p.m., ship A
starts to sail at a constant speed of 40 km/h to ship B in a straight
line.
(i) Find the reduced bearing of ship B from ship A at 1:30 p.m.
(ii) Can ship A arrive at the location of ship B before 3:00 p.m.?
Explain your answer.
11
Answers
Consolidation Exercise 10A
1. 49.8° (b) AB: 50.2 m, CD: 94.2 m
2. 50.4° (c) 98.6 m
3. 98.5 m (d) 24.0°
4. (a) 62.0 m 18. (a) 26°
(b) 32.0 m (b) 61.4 km/h
5. (a) 101 m 19. (a) 123 km
(b) 93.8 m (b) 280°
6. (a) 40.8° (c) no
(b) 8.39 m 20. (a) 14.8 m
7. 10.6 s (b) 102 m2
8. 194 m (c) no
9. (a) 58° 21. (a) 70°
(b) 109 km (b) 67.2 km
10. (a) N13.2°W (c) (i) 72.1 km
(b) 118 km (ii) 217°
11. (a) 12.5 km 22. (a) 44.0 m
(b) S70.5°W (b) N83.7°W
12. (a) 34.0 m (c) yes
(b) 041.7° 23. (a) 121 km
2
(c) 138 m (b) 111 km
13. (a) 228 km (c) 290°
(b) 353° 24. (a) 46.5 km
14. 55.6 m (b) 55.5 km
15. (a) 4.48 m (c) N6.79°W
(b) 4.35 m (d) P
(c) 45.6° 25. (a) (i) 108 km
16. (a) 34.9 m (ii) 163 km
(b) 24.7 m (b) 27.1 km/h
(c) B (c) (i) S22.2°E
17. (a) 31.7 m (ii) yes

12
 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.2 (Refer to Book 5B P.10.16)

Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to find angles and lengths in 3-dimensional figures.
[In this worksheet, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Angles and Lines in 3-dimensional Figures

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

B C In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a 20° A 5 cm B
In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a 3 cm
A D D
cuboid. AB = 3 cm, AF = 4 cm cuboid. AB = 5 cm, DH = 12 cm, C
4 cm H
and BE = 15 cm. Find the angle G BH = 10 cm and ∠ABD = 20°. Find
F E F G
between BE and BF. the angle between DH and BH.
△BEF is a right-angled E H
The required angle is ∠EBF. triangle. The required angle is ( ).
In △ABF, A 3 cm B
In △ABD, A 5 cm
20°
B
2
BF = AB + AF 2 2 5 cm
4 cm cos ( )= D
( )
BF = 32 + 4 2 cm
F DB = ( ) cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
△BHD, by the cosine formula,
= 5 cm
In △BEF, B
In D B

BF 15 cm ( )2 + ( ) 2 − DB 2 12 cm 10 cm
cos ∠EBF = 5 cm cos ∠DHB =
BE E
2( )( ) H
F
5 ( 2
) +( ) −( 2
) 2
= =
15 2×( )×( )
∠EBF = 70.5°, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴
∠DHB = ( ), cor. to 3 sig. fig.
The angle between BE and BF is 70.5°. ∴ The angle between DH and BH is .

1. In the figure, ABCDEF is A D 2. The figure shows a right triangular A

9 cm 78°
a right triangular prism. 8 cm prism. AB = 9 cm, BF = 24 cm, B C
F
BC = 13 cm, CE = 6 cm E ∠DBF = 16° and ∠BAD = 78°. 24 cm 16°
6 cm
and DE = 8 cm. Find the B 13 cm C Find the angle between AD and BD. E
angle between BD and BE. F D

Ex 10B: 3, 4, 9, 10
The required angle is ( ).
In △( ), ( )
B

( )
( )2 = ( )2 + ( )2 ( ) cm ( ) cm
B
13 cm ( )
( ) ( )
( )
9 cm
B ( )
8 cm
B
( ) cm ( ) ( ) cm ( )

( )

15
Instant Example 2 Instant Practice 2
In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a B C In the figure, ABCDEF is a right B
24 cm
cuboid. Find the angle between A D 9 cm triangular prism. Find the angle A
G H F
CF and the plane BCHG. between BD and the plane CDEF. 65° C
15 cm E 18 cm
F 22 cm E D
The required angle is ∠FCG. The required angle is ( ). F is the projection of B
In △CEH, G is the projection of F
on BCHG. In △DEF, on CDEF.
F
18 cm 65°
EH2 + CH2 = CE2 sin ( )=
( ) D
C E 18 cm
EH = 15 2 − 9 2 cm
15 cm
9 cm DF = ( ) cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
△(
= 12 cm E H
In ), B
FG = EH = 12 cm G C
△FCG,
24 cm
12 cm ( ) ( )
In 22 cm cos ( )= = F D
( ) ( )
FG 12 F
sin ∠FCG = = ( )=( ), cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴
CF 22
∠FCG = 33.1°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. The angle between BD and the plane CDEF is
∴ The angle between CF and the plane BCHG is .
33.1°.

3. In the figure, ABCDEF is a A B 4. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a A B

right triangular prism. Find 16 cm cuboid. Find the angle between D C 10 cm
the angle between BE and AH and the plane ADEF. F G
D C 14 cm
the plane ADE. 7 cm E 19 cm H
E
32° F ( ) is the projection of H on ADEF.
The required angle is ( ).
Ex 10B: 5, 6

In △( ), ( ) is the projection of B on ADE. B

10 cm
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) cm
( ) cm
32°
E A
( )

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) cm

( ) cm

Level Up Question

5. In the figure, PQRSTUVW is a cuboid, where PQ < PU. Is the angle between PW and the plane
QRWV greater than the angle between PW and the plane TUVW? Explain your answer.
P Q
R
S

U V
T W

16
 10 Applications in Trigonometry

 Consolidation Exercise 10B

[In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Level 1
1. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. BG = 5 cm, EH = 9 cm and H 4 cm
9 cm G
GH = 4 cm. I is the mid-point of AB. Find the length of HI.
E 5 cm
F
C B
D I
A

2. The figure shows a right prism box ABCDEF whose base DEF is an C
A 50°
isosceles triangle. DE = EF = 21 cm, AE = 18 cm and ∠ABC = 50°. A
18 cm B
straight thin rod is placed inside the box touching A and the side DF. D
E
Find the shortest possible length of the rod. 21 cm F

3. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH. AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and F E

15 cm
AF = 15 cm. D
A G H
(a) Find the angle between the lines CE and EH. 7 cm
(b) Find the angle between the lines AC and CF. B 9 cm C

4. In the figure, PABCD is a pyramid whose base ABCD is a rectangle. P

PC is perpendicular to the plane ABCD. AB = 24 cm, BC = 27 cm and 16 cm
PC = 16 cm. D C

(a) Find the angle between the line PA and the plane PCD. 27 cm
(b) Find the angle between the line PA and the plane ABCD.
A 24 cm B

5. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF with a triangular base ABC. B
BC = 11 cm, CD = 6 cm, ∠ABC = 90° and ∠BAC = 40°. 11 cm
A 40° F
(a) Find the angle between the line CE and the plane DEF. C
(b) Find the angle between the line CE and the plane BCDF. 6 cm
E
D

6. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. AB = 10 cm and DE = 12 cm. D 12 cm E

M and N are the mid-points of BG and CH respectively. Find the
A F
angle between the planes ABCD and AMND. H
C N
10 cm
B M G
17
7. The figure shows a triangular pyramid ABCD. AB is perpendicular to A
the plane BCD. AB = BC = 6 cm, BD = 8 cm and ∠CBD = 90°.
(a) Find the exact value of sin ∠BDC.
B
(b) Hence, find the angle between the planes ACD and BCD.
D
C

8. The figure shows a cube ABCDEFGH of side 5 cm. E H

(a) Find the angle between the lines AE and EG. G
F
(b) Find the acute angle between the planes AEG and EFGH. D
5 cm C
5 cm
A 5 cm B

9. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF with triangular base ABC. A 15 cm
44° B
AB = 15 cm, AC = 13 cm, BF = 19 cm and ∠BAC = 44°. 13 cm
(a) Find the angle between the line CF and the plane ABC. C 19 cm
(b) Find the angle between the planes ACDE and BCDF. E
F

10. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ABC is an E 11 cm A
5 cm
isosceles triangle. AB = AC = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm and AE = 11 cm. G is F
B
the mid-point of DF. G 4 cm
D C
(a) Find the angle between the planes ABFE and BCDF.
(b) Find the angle between the lines AG and CG.

11. The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. AB is perpendicular to the A

plane BCD. AB = 20 cm, BC = 25 cm, CD = 21 cm and ∠BDC = 52°. D
(a) Find ∠CBD. 20 cm
52°
21 cm
(b) Find the angle between the line AD and the plane BCD.
B
25 cm C

12. The figure shows a pyramid PABCD whose base ABCD is a rectangle. P
X is the mid-point of AB and PX is perpendicular to the plane ABCD.
19 cm
AB = 20 cm, PB = 19 cm and ∠ADX = 50°. C
(a) Find the height of the pyramid. D B
X
(b) Find the angle between the lines AD and PD. 20 cm
50° A

18
13. The figure shows a right prism whose base ABC is an equilateral 20 cm E
A
triangle. AB = 8 cm and AE = 20 cm. 8 cm
(a) Find the angle between the lines BD and BE. B F
D
(b) Find the angle between the planes BDE and DEF.
C
(c) Is the angle between the line BE and the plane DEF greater than
the angle obtained in (b)? Explain your answer without finding
the angle between the line BE and the plane DEF.

Level 2
14. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH, where ABCD is a square of E F
11 cm
side 8 cm and AF = 11 cm. M and N are the mid-points of BC and CH
D A
respectively. H G
8 cm
(a) Find the angle between the lines AM and AN. N
C M B
(b) Find the angle between the line AN and the plane BCHG.

15. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH. M and N are the mid-points
18 cm B 5 cm
of AB and EH respectively. BE and MN intersect at I. AB = 18 cm, M C
A
AF = 10 cm and BC = 5 cm. D
10 cm I
(a) Find the length of BE. G
H
(b) Find ∠BIM. F N
E

16. The figure shows a triangular pyramid ABCD. AD is perpendicular to A

the plane BCD. AB = 16 cm, ∠BAD = 42°, ∠BCD = 40° and 42° 16 cm
∠CBD = 45°.
(a) Find the angle between the line AC and the plane BCD. D
45° B
(b) Find the angle between the planes ABC and BCD. 40°
C

17. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF. M is the F

8 cm
projection of B on the plane ACDE. AB = AC = 5 cm, BF = 8 cm and
B
∠BAC = 70°. D
5 cm E
(a) Find the angle between the lines CF and FM. 70°
(b) Find the angle between the planes CFM and BCDF. A M C
5 cm

18. The figure shows a cube ABCDEFGH of side 8 cm. M is the mid- E M H
point of EH.
(a) Find the angle between the planes ACM and ABCD. F G
D C
(b) Find the angle between the planes ACM and CDEH.

A 8 cm B

19
19. The figure shows a regular tetrahedron ABCD of side 5 cm. A
(a) Find the angle between the planes ABC and BCD. 5 cm
D
(b) Find the shortest distance between A and the plane BCD. B

20. The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD whose base ABCD is a V
rectangle. VO is perpendicular to the plane ABCD. AB = 7 cm,
BC = 9 cm and ∠ABV = 75°. D C
(a) Find the length of VO. O
9 cm
(b) Find the angle between the lines VB and BC. 75°
A 7 cm B
(c) Find the angle between the planes VAB and ABCD.

21. The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD whose base ABCD is a V 60°
square of side 9 cm. ∠BVC = 60° and VN is perpendicular to the C
D
plane ABCD. X and Y are the mid-points of AB and AD respectively.
9 cm
(a) Find the height of the pyramid. Y N
(b) Find the angle between the lines VX and VY. A X B
(c) Find the angle between the planes VAB and VAD.

22. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ABC is a D
9 cm
triangle. G is the mid-point of EF. AB = 6 cm, CD = 15 cm, BC = 8
E
cm and DE = 9 cm. G F 15 cm

(a) Find the length of CG.

C
(b) Find the angle between the line CG and the plane ABC.
A 8 cm
(c) Find the angle between the planes BCG and ABC. 6 cm
B

23. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF, where the base E
9 cm
ABC is an acute-angled triangle. AE = 9 cm, BC = 7 cm, ∠BAC = 35° A
50°
and ∠DAE = 50°.
(a) Find the length of AF. 35° F D
(b) Find the angle between the lines AF and AD.
B 7 cm C
(c) Find the angle between the planes ADF and BCDF.

24. The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. AD = 10 cm, BC = 6 cm, A

∠ACD = 2x, ∠BAC = x, ∠ABD = 68° and ∠ABC = ∠ADC = 90°. 10 cm x
(a) Find x.
D
[Hint: You may use the formula sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ without proof.] 2x 68°
(b) Find the length of BD.
C 6 cm B
(c) Let E be a point on AC such that DE ⊥ AC. Is ∠BED the angle
between the planes ABC and ACD? Explain your answer.

20
 25. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ADE is a right- E F
25°
angled triangle. ∠ADE = 90°, AD = 12 cm, DE = 9 cm and ∠AFE = 9 cm
25°. G is a point on AB such that AG : BG = 6 : 5. D C
12 cm B
(a) Find the angle between the line AF and the plane ABCD. A G
(b) Find the angle between the lines EG and FG.
(c) Let H be a movable point on AG and α be the angle between the
line FH and the plane ABCD. John claims that when H moves
from G to A, α increases. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

* 26. Fig. I shows a wooden rectangular block ABCDEFGH, where AB = 10 cm, AF = 8 cm and EF = 20
cm. X and Z are the mid-points of AB and EF respectively. Y is a point on AD such that FZ = 2AY. A
geometric model is made by cutting off the solid AXYZFG from ABCDEFGH as shown in Fig. II.
Denote the plane BCDYX be plane α.
E H E H
20 cm Z
F G F G
D C D C
8 cm Y
A 10 cm B Fig. I A X B Fig. II

(a) Find ∠XGZ.

(b) Find the angle between the planes GXYZ and α.
(c) Find the area of GXYZ.
(d) Is the angle between the line GX and plane α greater than the angle between the line ZY and
plane α? Explain your answer without finding these two angles.

* 27. Fig. I shows a wooden block VABC in the form of a right pyramid. The base ABC is an equilateral
triangle of side 24 cm and VA = 12 2 cm. VX is perpendicular to the plane ABC. D, E and F are the
mid-points of AB, AC and BC respectively. Let M and N be points on VA and VC respectively such
that MN is parallel to AC. A geometric model is made by cutting off the pyramid VBMN from VABC as
shown in Fig. II. The area of △ABM is 60 cm . 2

V C V N C

F
B E B
X M
D
A Fig. I A Fig. II

(a) Find the height (VX) of the wooden block.

(b) Find the length of AM and leave the radical sign ‘ √’ in the answer.
Hence, find ∠ABM.
(c) Let α be the angle between the plane BMN and the base ABC.
(i) Find α.
(ii) Let β be the angle between the line BM and the base ABC. Which one of α and β is greater?
Explain your answer.
21
Answers
Consolidation Exercise 10B
1. 7.83 cm 18. (a) 70.5°
2. 24.1 cm (b) 48.2°
3. (a) 65.0° 19. (a) 70.5°
(b) 52.8° (b) 4.08 cm
4. (a) 43.1°
(b) 23.9° 20. (a) 12.3 cm
5. (a) 19.3° (b) 70.6°
(b) 46.3° (c) 69.8°
6. 31.0° 21. (a) 6.36 cm
3 (b) 48.2°
7. (a)
5 (c) 109°
(b) 51.3°
22. (a) 17.0 cm
8. (a) 60°
(b) 62.0°
(b) 54.7°
(c) 78.9°
9. (a) 60.7°
23. (a) 15.1 cm
(b) 78.0°
(b) 27.5°
10. (a) 66.4°
(c) 49.8°
(b) 24.7°
24. (a) 33.6°
11. (a) 41.4°
(b) 8.83 cm
(b) 32.3°
(c) no
12. (a) 16.2 cm
25. (a) 14.7°
(b) 66.2°
(b) 93.7°
13. (a) 21.4°
(c) no
(b) 70.9°
26. (a) 68.0°
(c) no
(b) 66.2°
14. (a) 31.4°
(c) 92.8 cm2
(b) 39.5°
(d) no
15. (a) 21.2 cm
27. (a) 9.80 cm
(b) 58.2°
(b) AM = 5 2 cm, ∠ABM = 14.7°
16. (a) 45.3°
(c) (i) 12.8°
(b) 57.5°
(ii) α
17. (a) 19.5°
(b) 16.9°

22
 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.3A (Refer to Book 5B P.10.31)

Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems in three dimensions involving heights.
[In this worksheet, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Problems Involving Heights

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

In the figure, AB is a vertical A In the figure, two straight lines P
flagpole. B, C and D are three of flags are joined from the top
points on the same horizontal 40° P of a wall PQ to R and S
B D 70° Q
ground, where ∠CBD = 90°. 15 m respectively. Q, R and S are on
25 m 22°
The angle of elevation of A C the same horizontal ground, where S
R 52 m
from D is 40°. If BC = 15 m ∠RQS = 90° and ∠QSR = 22°.
If BD is found,
and CD = 25 m, find the height AB can be found The angle of elevation of P from
by tangent ratio. If QR is found,
of the flagpole. R is 70°. If RS = 52 m, find the PQ can be found

In △BCD, Find BD first. height of the wall. by tangent ratio.

△(

BC2 + BD2 = CD2 B D In ), Find QR first.

15 m ( )
BD = 252 − 152 m 25 m sin ( )= Q S
( )m 22°
= 20 m C 52 m

In △ABD, QR = ( ) sin ( )m R

AB A =( ) m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

tan 40° =
20 m
40°
In △( ), P

AB = 20 tan 40° m B 20 m
D ( )
tan ( )=
= 16.8 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ( )m
∴ The height of the flagpole is 16.8 m. PQ = ( ) tan ( )m
R
70°
Q
( )m
=( ) m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The height of the wall is .

1. In the figure, AB is a vertical tower. B, C and In ( ), by the ( ) formula,

D are three points on the same horizontal BD ( )
=
ground, where ∠BCD = 25° and ∠CBD = 110°. sin ( ) sin ( )
If AD = 26 m and CD = 18 m, find the height
of the tower.
A If BD is found, AB
can be found by
Pythagoras’ theorem.
26 m 
Find BD first.
25° B
110°
D
C 18 m

Ex 10C: 1−4

24
2. In the figure, XY, YZ and XZ are paths on the 3. In the figure, ST is a vertical lamp post. T, U and
same horizontal ground. PQ is a vertical tree, V are three points on the same horizontal ground,
where XQ = QZ. The angle of elevation of P where ∠TUV = 55°, ∠TVU = 40° and TV = 12 m.
from Z is 42°. If XY = 9 m, YZ = 15 m and The angle of elevation of S from U is 38°.
∠XYZ = 120°, find the height of the tree. (a) Find the height of S

P If QZ is found, PQ the lamp post.

can be found by
trigonometric ratio.
(b) Find the angle of
 elevation of S from V. 38° T 12 m
X If XZ is found, QZ 55° B 40° V
Q can be found U
9m 120° B
42° ∵
( XQ = QZ).
Ex 10C: 12−14
Z 
Y 15 m (a)
Find XZ first.
If UT is found,
ST can be found
by trigonometric
ratio.

Find UT by the
( ) formula
first.
T
?

U V

(b)

Level Up Question

4. In the figure, PQR is a triangular lawn on a horizontal ground, where ∠PQR = 60°, M
PQ = x m and QR = 25 m. A balloon M is vertically above Q. The angle of
elevation of M from P is 30°. When the area of the lawn is at least 300 m2, is Q
the height of the balloon above Q at least 16 m? Explain your answer. 30° 60° R
P B

Area of triangle
1
= ab sin C
2

25
 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.3B (Refer to Book 5B P.10.33)

Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems in three dimensions involving inclinations.
[In this worksheet, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Problems Involving Inclinations

A α horizontal
θ is called the ℓ2 plane φ is called the
horizontal
inclination of φ inclination of
θ plane X ℓ1
P AB. line of the plane α.
B
intersection Y

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

In the figure, AC is a straight A 22 cm D In the figure, QS is a path on a P S
scratch on the plane ABCD 3m
35 cm 16 cm rectangular slope PQRS. QUTR U
T
of a toy block. The toy F E and PSTU are rectangles. S is 6m
Q
block is in the shape of a B 3 m above the horizontal plane 8m R
C
right triangular prism with QRTU. QR = 8 m and RT = 6 m.
∠CED = 90°. AC = 35 cm, (a) Find the inclination of the slope PQRS.
AD = 22 cm and DE = 16 cm. (b) Find the inclination of QS.
(a) Find the inclination of the plane ABCD. (a) The required inclination is ∠SRT.
(b) Find the inclination of the scratch AC. In △( ),
(a) The required inclination is ∠DCE. ( ) S

△ACD,
tan ∠SRT =
In ( ) 3m
R T
( ) 6m
AD2 + CD2 = AC2 A 22 cm D =
( )
CD = 352 − 22 2 cm
35 cm ∠SRT = ( ), cor. to 3 sig. fig.

In △CDE,
= 741 cm
C
∴ The inclination of the slope PQRS is

DE ( ).
sin ∠DCE = D
CD (b) Join QT. The required inclination is ∠SQT.
=
16
741 cm

C
16 cm
E
In △( ),
741 QT 2 = ( )2 + ( )2 T
∠DCE = 36.0°, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The inclination of the plane ABCD is 36.0°.
QT =
=(
( )2 + (
)m
)2 m 6m

Q
△( 8m R
(b) Join CF. The required inclination is ∠ACF.
In △ACF, In ),
( ) S
AF = DE = 16 cm tan ∠SQT =
( ) 3m
AF Q T
A ( ) ( )m
sin ∠ACF = =
AC A
16 cm
35 cm
( )
16 C
= F ∠SQT = ( ), cor. to 3 sig. fig.
35
∠ACF = 27.2°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∴ The inclination of QS is .
∴ The inclination of the scratch AC is 27.2°.

26
1. In the figure, BE is a path on a rectangular 2. The figure shows a paperweight in the shape of a
hillside ABFE. F is 10 m above the horizontal right triangular prism. PQRS, QUTR and PSTU are
plane ABCD. AEFB and EFCD are rectangles. rectangles. A straight line QS is marked on the face
BF = 12 m and ∠EBF = 50°. PQRS. QS = 25 cm, RT = 7 cm and ∠SQR = 38°.
E F P S

12 m 10 m 25 cm
D
50° C U
T
38° 7 cm
A B Q R
(a) Find the inclination of the hillside ABFE. (a) Find the inclination of the face PQRS.
(b) Find the inclination of the path BE. (b) Find the inclination of the line QS.
Ex 10C: 5, 6

(a) The required inclination is ∠( ). (a)

In △( ), F
( )
sin ( )= ( )m ( )m
( )
Q
( ) ( )

R
(b) Join BD. The required
inclination is ∠( ).
In △( ),
B
(b)

Level Up Question

3. In the figure, ABCD represents a rectangular inclined plane. EDCF and ABFE are rectangles. AE = 9 m,
ED = 12 m, AB = 36 m and AC = 39 m. M is the mid-point of DC. Let P be a point on DC. Describe
how the inclination of AP decreases as P moves from M to C. B
36 m
39 m F C
A
9m M
E 12 m D

27
 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.3C (Refer to Book 5B P.10.35)

Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems in three dimensions involving bearings.
[In this worksheet, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.]

A
Problems Involving Bearings Nα
If O is a point on a horizontal plane and B is the projection of A on the horizontal W B
E
O
plane, the bearing of A from O is the same as the bearing of B from O. S
horizontal plane

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

In the figure, B, C and D are points In the figure, Q, R and S are points P
A N
on the same horizontal ground. B is N on the same horizontal ground. R is
70 m N N
due north of C. D is due east of B. 56° due east of Q. S is due south of R. R
E Q E
B D
The angle of elevation of the top A The angle of elevation of the top P
80 m 26° 48° 25 m
of a vertical building AB from D is of a vertical flagpole PQ from S is
S
56°. If AB = 70 m and CD = 80 m, C 26°. If RS = 25 m and the bearing
If QS is found,
find the reduced bearing of D from If BD is found, of P from S is N48°W, find the PQ can be found
∠BCD can be by trigonometric
C. found. height of the flagpole. ratio.

In △ ABD, In △ (
 
Find BD first. ), Find QS first.
70 m ( )m
tan 56° = A cos 48° = Q R
BD ( )
70 70 m ( ) 48° 25 m
BD = m QS = m
tan 56° 56°
D ( ) S
B
= 47.216 m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
=( ) m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
In △ BCD,
B
47.216 m
D In △ ( ), P
BD
sin ∠BCD = ( ) 26°
CD 80 m tan 26° = Q( )m
S
( )m
47.216 C
= PQ = ( ) tan ( )m
80
∠BCD = 36.2°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =( ) m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The reduced bearing of D from C is N36.2°E. ∴ The height of the flagpole is .

1. In the figure, AB is a vertical lamp post. B, C In △ ( ) ,

and D are points on the same horizontal ground,
where BD = 12 m and CD = 5 m. B is due west
of C. D is due north of C. Find the reduced
bearing of A from D.
A N
E
12 m D
5m
B E
C
B

Ex 10C: 7−11
28
2. In the figure, PQ is a vertical tree. Q, R and S 3. In the figure, a balloon W is vertically above X. X,
are points on the same horizontal ground and Y and Z are points on the same horizontal ground.
QR = 18 m. R is due west of S. The bearings Y is due north of Z. YZ = 11 m and XZ = 10 m.
of P from R and S are N27°E and N50°W The distance between W and Y is 28 m. The
respectively. angle of elevation of W from Y is 54°.
P N
W 28 m
9m 54° Y
N
N 27° Q N 11 m
18 m 50° X
E 10 m
R S Z

(a) Find the distance between Q and S. (a) Find the distance between X and Y.
(b) Find the angle of elevation of P from S. (b) Find the whole circle bearing of W from Y.

(a) ∠QRS = ( )−( )=( ) (a)

18 m

(b)

(b)

Level Up Question

4. In the figure, AC and BE are two vertical towers with heights 14 m and B
22 m respectively. C, D and E are points on the same horizontal ground. 22 m
A
CD = 19 m and DE = 29 m. The bearings of A and B from D are N44°W 14 m E
and N21°E respectively. Find the angle of elevation of B from A. C N 21°
19 m 44° 29 m
E
D

29
 10 Applications in Trigonometry

 Consolidation Exercise 10C

[In this exercise, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Level 1
1. In the figure, AB represents a vertical pillar. B, C and D are three A
points on the same horizontal ground. The elevation of A from C is
B 35°
35°. If CD = 70 m, ∠BCD = 25° and ∠CBD = 125°, find the height 125° 25° C
of the pillar. 70 m
D

2. In the figure, A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal T

ground. A tree TC stands vertically on the ground. A gardener 23°
observes that the angle of depression of B from T is 23°. AB = 16 m, C
AC = 10 m and ∠BAC = 60°. B
60° 10 m
(a) Find the height of the tree. 16 m
(b) Using Heron’s formula, find the area of the triangle formed by A, A
B and C.

3. In the figure, AB is a vertical building. B, C and D are three points on A

the same horizontal ground. The angle of elevation of A from C is 50°.
BC = 90 m, ∠BDC = 66° and ∠CBD = 34°.
(a) Find the height of the building AB. D
66° 34° B
(b) Find the angle of elevation of A from D. 90 m
C 50°

4. The figure shows a firework display. Ships A, B and C are on the T 32°
C
same sea level. The fireworks explode at T, which is vertically above
A. The angle of elevation of T from C is 32°. AB = x m, AC = 2x m, B 120° 2x m
xm
BC = 170 m and ∠BAC = 120°. A
(a) Find the value of x.
(b) Find the angle of elevation of T from B.

5. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangular inclined plane. ABEF is the C D

horizontal plane. ABEF and CDEF are rectangles. F and E are the 15 cm
projections of C and D on the plane ABEF respectively. If AD = 22 F E
12 cm
cm, AF = 12 cm and BD = 15 cm, find the inclination of AD. A B

30
6. In the figure, ABFE is a rectangular hillside. ABCD and CDEF are E F
rectangles. E is 25 m above the horizontal plane ABCD. BF = 48 m 25 m 48 m
and ∠BAF = 35°. D 35° C
A B
(a) Find the inclination of the hillside.
(b) Find the inclination of the path AF.

7. In the figure, ABCD represents a rectangular inclined plane of D C

inclination 40°. ABFE is a rectangle on the horizontal plane. AB = 65 50 m
E F
m and BC = 50 m. 40°
A 65 m B
(a) Find the height of D above the horizontal plane.
(b) Find the inclination of the path BD.

8. In the figure, P, Q and R are three points on the same horizontal plane. T
Q is due east of P and R is due south of P. The angle of elevation of N
85 m
the top of a vertical building QT from P is 40°. If QR = 120 m and 40°
E
P Q
QT = 85 m, find the bearing of Q from R.
120 m

9. In the figure, HA is a building. A, B and C lie on the same horizontal H

N
ground, where C is 120 m due east of A and ∠ABC = 50°. The angle N
of elevation of the top H of the building from B is 28° and BH = 128 120 m
A E
m. C
128 m
(a) Find the reduced bearing of B from C. 28°
50°
(b) Find the area of the triangle formed by A, B and C.
B
10. In the figure, P, Q and R are three points on the same horizontal plane.
Q is due west of P and R is due south of P. A hot air balloon T is
T
vertically above P and its height PT is 160 m. The angles of elevation 160 m
N
of T from Q and R are 35° and 30° respectively. 35°
Q E
(a) Find the distance between Q and R. P

(b) Find the whole circle bearing of Q from R. 30°

11. In the figure, A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal plane. T
C is 20 m due east of A. A tree AT of height 12 m stands vertically on 12 m
A
the ground. The angle of elevation of T from B is 18° and BC = 45 m. 20 m N
18°
(a) Find the bearing of B from C.
(b) Find the area of the triangle formed by A, B and C. C E
45 m
B

31
12. In the figure, TA is vertical tower of height 18 m. A, B and C are three T
points on the same horizontal plane. C is due south of A. The angles N
18 m
of elevation of T from B and C are 37° and 32° respectively. The
37° A E
bearing of B from A is S69°W. B 69°
(a) Find the distance between B and C.
32°
(b) Find the bearing of C from B.
C

Level 2
13. In the figure, a piece of rectangular paper cardboard ABCD is hung V
from a point V by four strings of the same length. The total length of
D
the strings is 36 cm. The angle between the string VB and the side AB C
is 65°. The angle between the string VB and the side BC is 55°. Find A 55°
65°
the height of V above the cardboard.
B

14. In the figure, ABC is a triangular grassland. D is the mid-point of BC. T

TE is a vertical tower equidistant from A, B and C. A, B, C, D and E
A
lie on the same horizontal plane. AED is a straight line. The distance
B
between B and C is 60 m. The angle of elevation of T from D is 56°. 56° E
AD ⊥ BC and ∠BCE = 60°. D
60 m 60°
(a) Find the height of the tower.
(b) Find the angle of depression of A from T. C

(c) Find the distance between A and B.

15. In the figure, PA is a vertical pillar. AB, BC and AC are three straight P
paths, where ∠BAC = 57°. A, B and C lie on the same horizontal
plane. The angles of elevation of P from B and C are 28° and 35°
A
respectively. The length of the path AB is 65 m. 28° 57°
65 m
(a) Find the length of the path BC. B 35°
(b) D is a point on BC such that BD : CD = 3 : 5.
C
(i) Find the distance between A and D.
(ii) Find the angle of elevation of P from D.

16. In the figure, A, B and C lie on the same horizontal ground, where T
AC = 70 m and ∠ACB = 35°. D is a point on AB such that BD = 38 m.
T is a kite vertically above A. The angles of elevation of T from B and A
70 m 27°
D are 27° and 39° respectively. 39°
C 35°
D
(a) Find the height of the kite above the ground.
B
(b) Find the angle of elevation of T from C.
(c) Another kite P is vertically above B. If the elevation of P from C
is greater than the angle obtained in (b), is the height of P above
the ground greater than 110 m? Explain your answer.
32
17. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangular inclined plane, where AB = 36 m X
and BC = 26 m. ABEF is the horizontal plane. E and F are the projections C Y D
of C and D on the plane ABEF respectively. XY is a flagpole vertically 26 m 53° 32°
E
erected on CD. Z is the projection of Y on the plane ABEF. The angle of F
Z
14 m
elevation of X from B is 53°. AF = 14 m and ∠DAY = 32°. B 36 m A
(a) Find the inclinations of AY and BY.
(b) Find the height of the flagpole.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of X from A.
(d) Let P be a point on DY. Describe how the inclination of AP
varies as P moves from Y to D. Explain your answer.

18. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangular inclined plane. ABFE is the 66 m

D M C
horizontal plane. M is a point on CD. N is the projection of M on the
plane ABEF. O is a point on AB. The inclination of the path BM is 24°. N F 35 m
E
BC = 35 m, CD = 66 m, ∠BNO = 90° and ∠CBM = 46°. 24° 46°
(a) Find the inclination of BC. B
AO
(b) Find the distance between O and B.
(c) Find ∠OMB.
(d) Peter runs straight from A to O and then straight from O to M at a
constant speed of 5 m/s. Jason runs straight from B to M at a
constant speed of 8 m/s. If they start running at the same time,
who will arrive at M first? Explain your answer.

19. In the figure, TE is a vertical tower of height 16 m. ABXW is the T

16 m
horizontal ground. The inclinations of the rectangular inclined planes E D
ABCF and CDEF are 31° and 53° respectively. AB = 90 m, AF = 55 m 53°
80 m
and EF = 80 m. Z
F C
(a) Find the height of D above the horizontal ground. X
55 m W
(b) Find the angle of elevation of T from B. Y
A
(c) Let N be a point on FC such that the angle of elevation of T from 90 m B 31°

N is the same as the angle of elevation of T from B. Which point,

F or C, is nearer to N? Explain your answer.

20. In the figure, C, X and Y are three points on the horizontal plane. The
bearings of X and Y from C are N67°W and S78°W respectively. A B
A
and B are two helicopters vertically above X and Y respectively. The 70 m
67°
distance between B and Y is 72 m. The angle of elevation of B from C 72 m N
X
is 38°. AC = 70 m and CX = 50 m. 50 m
38° E
C
(a) Find the distance between X and Y. 78°
Y
(b) Find the bearing of B from A.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of B from A.
33
21. In the figure, P is a satellite vertically above A. A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal
plane. Ship S leaves B at 1:00 p.m. It sails at a speed of 35 km/h in the direction 210° and arrives at C
at 7:00 p.m. The bearing of B from A is 055°. The angle of elevation of P from B is 29° and BP =
180 km.
P N
180 km
B
N 29°
55° 210°
A
S

C
(a) Find the bearing of A from C.
(b) Let α ° be the angle of elevation of P from ship S.
(i) Find the value of α when S is at C.
(ii) Wilson claims that the maximum value of α occurs before 5:00 p.m. Do you agree? Explain
your answer and find the maximum value of α.

22. In the figure, a triangular metal plate ABC is perpendicular to the horizontal ground and B is due south
of A. ∠ABC is an obtuse angle. D is the projection of C on the horizontal ground. Under the light ray
of a torch, the shadow of △ABC on the horizontal ground is △ABF. The area of the shadow ABF is
200 cm2. AC = 40 cm, AF = 65 cm, ∠ACB = 24° and ∠BAF = 18°.
light ray
C

40 cm 24°

A B
N
D
18° 65 cm
F
(a) Find the height of C above the horizontal ground.
(b) Find the angle of elevation of C from F.
(c) Find the reduced bearing of the torch from F.
(d) The torch is turned such that the distance between C and F keeps unchanged. Can the area of the
shadow exceed 345 cm2? Explain your answer.

34
23. In Fig. I, ABC is a triangular paper card. D is a point lying on AB such that CD is perpendicular to AB.
It is given that AC = 10 cm, ∠CBD = 60° and ∠CAD = 45°. The paper card is folded along CD such
that △ACD lies on the horizontal plane as shown in Fig. II.
C C
B
10 cm

45° 60° A
A B D
D
Fig. I Fig. II
(a) Find the lengths of AD and BD.
(b) Refer to Fig. II.
(i) If the distance between A and B is 6 cm, find the angle between the plane BCD and the
horizontal plane.
(ii) Describe how the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD varies when ∠ADB decreases from 100°
to 50°. Explain your answer.
(iii) Suppose the distance between A and B is fixed. Let P be a movable point on CD. If P moves
from C to D, does the inclination of BP increase or decrease? Explain your answer.

24. Fig. I shows a piece of pentagonal paper card ABCDE, where AB = AE = 20 cm, BC = DE = 10 cm
and ∠ABC = ∠AED = 75°.
A

20 cm

B 75° E
10 cmC D
Fig. I

(a) Suppose that 8 cm ≤ CD ≤ 30 cm.

(i) Find the length of AC.
(ii) Describe how the area of the paper card varies when CD increases from 8 cm to 30 cm.
Explain your answer.
(b) The paper card is folded along AC and AD such that AB and AE join together to form a pyramid
as shown in Fig. II. In Fig. II, AC and AD lie on the horizontal ground. Suppose that CD = 11 cm.
A B, E

C
Fig. II
(i) Find the height of the pyramid from the vertex B to the base △ACD.
(ii) Find the angle between the plane ABC and the horizontal ground.

35
* 25. Fig. I shows a piece of triangular paper card ABC, where AB = 36 cm and AC = 22 cm. D and E are
points on AB such that AD = BE = DE and CE ⊥ AC. F is a point on AC such that DF ⊥ AC. The
paper card is folded along EC and DF such that AF and CF lie on the horizontal ground as shown in
Fig. II.
E B
B
36 cm E D
D C G
F
A C 40°
F 68° A
22 cm
Fig. I Fig. II

(a) Refer to Fig. I.

(i) Find the length of BC.
(ii) Find ∠ABC.
(b) Refer to Fig. II. G is the projection of B on the horizontal ground. It is given that ∠AFC = 68°
and ∠AGC = 40°.
(i) Find the distance between A and G on the horizontal ground.
(ii) Find the angle between the planes BCE and CEDF.
(iii) The location of the plane BCE is adjusted by folding along EC so that the distance between
A and B is the shortest. The locations of the planes AFD and CEDF keep unchanged. Then, a
straight thin string with end points A and B is used to fix the paper card. Is the length of the
string greater than 15 cm? Explain your answer.

36
Answers
Consolidation Exercise 10C
1. 29.9 m 17. (a) AY: 45.6°, BY: 42.1°
2. (a) 5.94 m (b) 10.2 m
(b) 69.3 m2 (c) 56.3°
3. (a) 107 m 18. (a) 35.8°
(b) 47.9° (b) 58.5 m
4. (a) 64.3 (c) 78.4°
(b) 51.3° (d) Jason
5. 24.1° 19. (a) 92.2 m
6. (a) 31.4° (b) 39.5°
(b) 17.4° (c) C
7. (a) 32.1 m 20. (a) 58.7 m
(b) 23.1° (b) S48.7°W
8. N57.6°E or 057.6° (c) 21.4°
9. (a) S43.8°W 21. (a) 345°
(b) 6 740 m2 (b) (i) 42.7
10. (a) 359 m (ii) no, 52.7
(b) 320° 22. (a) 20.5 cm
11. (a) S36.1°W or 216° (b) 31.0°
(b) 364 m2 (c) N36.2°E
12. (a) 30.1 m (d) no
(b) S47.8°E or 132° 23. (a) AD = 7.07 cm, BD = 4.08 cm
13. 6.32 cm (b) (i) 57.9°
14. (a) 77.0 m (iii) increases
(b) 52.1° 24. (a) (i) 19.9 cm
(c) 116 m (b) (i) 8.30 cm
15. (a) 56.3 m (ii) 58.8°
(b) (i) 53.0 m 25. (a) (i) 18.1 cm
(ii) 33.1° (ii) 29.0°
16. (a) 52.2 m (b) (i) 18.5 cm
(b) 36.7° (ii) 161°
(c) yes (iii) no

37