12
Trends, Networks, and Critical
Thinking in the 21st Century
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Global Networks: Globalization
12
Trends, Networks,
and Critical Thinking
st
in the 21 Century
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Global Networks: Globalization
Let Us Learn
This module can show you the concrete effects of globalization,
coupled with the interconnections of peoples and nations. It will additionally
demonstrate the advantages of collaboration and cooperation so as to equip
the learners with the knowledge and skills required which can be used to
help them face the challenges of the fast-changing society nowadays.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Explain the concrete effects of globalization and to one’s daily life
(HUMSS_MCT12-If-g-2)
2. Explain the need for collaboration and cooperation to achieve
interconnectedness of people and nations (HUMSS_MCT12-If-g-4)
3. Discuss the different contributions of the parts to a whole and the
important role of creative imagination in putting together the various
parts of a whole (HUMSS_MCT12-If-g-5)
4. Illustrate the origin of the different components of a gadget, business
enterprise, industrial/technological/agricultural product, etc. Through
a mind map and reflection essay (HUMSS_MCT12-If-g-7)
1
Let Us Try
This activity will enable you to assess your prior knowledge about the
topic to be discussed in this module;
Direction: Tell from which country the sceneries below have originated. If a
map is available, locate the place and plot them in the map. Do this in your
answer sheet.
1. Eiffel Tower 3. Pyramid of Giza
4. Great Wall of China 6. Banaue Rice Terraces
2. Statue of Liberty
5. Burj Khalifa
Source: [Link]
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2
Lesso Explain the concrete
n effects of globalization and
1 to one’s daily life
Let Us Study
Globalization, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is
“the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of peoples and
countries. It is generally understood to include two interrelated elements:
the opening of international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods,
services, finance, people and ideas; and the changes in institutions and
policies at national and international levels that facilitate or promote such
flows.” It is a process of interaction and integration among the people,
companies and governments of different nations, a process driven by
international trade and investment and aided by information technology.
Globalization is not a new concept. Since the start of civilization,
people have traded goods and their neighbors. Across times, different
societies and civilizations had developed commercial trade routes and
experienced cultural changes. Similarly, people and corporations have
invested in enterprises in other countries for centuries. However, policies
and technological developments of the past few decades have driven
increases in cross-border trade, investment, and migration which resulted to
the growth and expansion of globalization. In the years since World War II,
many governments have adopted free-market economic systems, vastly
increasing their own productive potential and creating new opportunities for
international trade and investment. Governments also have negotiated
reductions in barriers to commerce and have established international
agreements to promote trade in goods, services, and investment.
Aside from international trade, another principal driver of
globalization is technology. Improved technology in transportation, internet,
and microprocessors facilitated rapid growth of globalization. Information
technologies have given consumers, investors, and businesses valuable new
tools for identifying and pursuing economic opportunities, including faster
and more informed analyses of economic trends around the world, easy
transfers of assets, and collaboration with far-flung partners.
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Positive Effects of Globalization
1. Better Products at Lower Prices. Global competition in the market leads
to both quality and affordability. As consumer realize they have a variety of
options from all corners of the globe, they will choose to purchase the best
and cheapest options, requiring companies to enhance quality and provide
affordable prices if they wish to remain competitive. The outsourcing of of
work also contributes to lower prices, as many companies hire foreign
laborers to do the work for lower pay.
2. Collaboration and Shared Resources. Combining efforts and resources
allows for more creativity and innovation to solve problems that affect people
all around the globe. Conservation efforts and efforts to combat rising
carbon emissions, for example, will require a concentrated global effort if
they are to succeed. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) use a
collaborative approach to address issues that are not confined within
borders, such as child labor, human trafficking, and health care and disease
prevention.
3. Cross-Cultural Exchange. Globalization promotes exchanges of ideas,
food, music, media, and language, among others. Individuals who travel
around the world for business or leisure and try different foods, listen to
different music, read different books, gain exposure to different media
outlets, and learn to express themselves in another language gain a broader
perspective on the world. Their new knowledge helps develop stronger
empathy and appreciation for people of other cultures.
4. Spread of Knowledge and Technology. Globalization encourages
sharing of knowledge and technology. For countries to be able to cooperate
globally, they must share similar technology and technological
infrastructure. The need for shared technology means that technological
advances quickly make their way around the world. Similarly, the need for a
centralized base of knowledge for cooperating countries to work from means
globalization results in a rapid transfer of knowledge.
5. Quick Technological Advances. For developing countries, especially,
being able to skip the long technological development processes of
industrialized countries brings rapid progress. Globalization allows
countries to gain easier access to foreign knowledge. It also enhances
international competition - including as a result of the rise of emerging
market firms - and this strengthens firms’ incentives to innovate and adopt
foreign technologies.
6. Increased Open-Mindedness and Tolerance. It’s easy for people to fear
others whom they have never met. Foreigners come to seem completely
unfamiliar under such conditions. But if people have networked with others
from elsewhere over the world, spoken with them about common problems,
and partaken of their food and culture, they are better able to perceive their
common humanity and treat these others as equals.
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Negative Effects of Globalization
1. Environmental Problems. The global economic growth and industrial
productivity as a result of globalization have big environmental
consequences as they contribute to the depletion of natural resources,
deforestation and the destruction of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. The
worldwide distribution of goods is also creating a big garbage problem,
especially on what concerns plastic pollution. Also, the massive development
of transport that has been the basis of globalization is said to be responsible
for serious environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions,
global warming or air pollution.
2. Economic Dependence. With globalization, goods can often be obtained
cheaply from elsewhere. A country may come to believe that there is no
point in producing its own product. It becomes easy to depend on imports
and specialize in something. Consequently, globalization ties countries
together, so that if one country collapses, the collapse is likely to ripple
through the system, pulling many other countries with it.
3. Job Insecurity. Globalization can contribute to a decline in job
opportunities as companies move their production facilities overseas. Due to
globalization, there are many people seeking employment all over the world.
Employers take advantage of cheap labor. One can get a dismissal because
of a slight mistake as the employer can find a skilled worker who is ready to
be paid less.
4. Threat to Local Economy. Globalization leads to increased competition,
especially from products from other countries. Though such competition is
advantageous to consumers, this will also threaten local industries. If people
would patronize more imported products over their local counterparts, this
would gradually affect local industries that cannot keep up with the
competition.
5. Threat to Cultural Diversity. Since globalization allows cultural
exchanges among countries, it is viewed by many as a threat to world’s
cultural diversity. Many feared it might gradually wipe out local culture,
traditions, and languages and simply re-cast the whole world in the mould
of developed or capitalist countries. Globalization tends to homogenize
world’s cultures as specific cultural characteristics from some countries are
beginning to disappear.
6. Migration Challenges. Factor related to globalization can also cause
workers to migrate from their homelands in poorer countries to more
developed countries to find work. The migrant laborers may leave their
families and live temporarily in another country, thus disrupting the family
and social fabric of their home communities. Increasing populations of
immigrants and refugees also present a challenge for industrialized nations.
Though countries may wish to help, too large an influx puts a strain on
resources and social structures. Countries find themselves limited in the aid
thay can provide without detriment to their own citizens.
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7. Spread of Disease. Globalization increases the risk of the spread of
infectious disease. As the microorganisms that cause infectious disease
spread from person to person, they become unwanted baggage in local,
regional and international travel. A small outbreak in a neighborhood of a
particular country can quickly spread beyond borders when an infected
person boards a plane to another continent. Immigrants and refugees
originating from areas where infections persist can pose a significant
challenge for national disease control and or elimination strategies.
Let Us Practice
Direction: Analyze each statement. Write T If the statement is true but if
the statement is false write F. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. Globalization allows interconnections among countries in the
world.
2. Through globalization, people experience limited movement
within and across territories.
3. The increasing interconnection of countries may actually result
to increased labor migration and loss of local jobs.
4. Due to globalization, we are no longer called local citizens but
global citizens.
5. Although globalization can bring the global progress closer to
people, it might also cause marginalization of countries
especially the developing ones.
6. Globalization has contributed to increased demand for goods
and services and overall economic growth.
7. Material gains from global opportunities are distributed evenly
among the whole population.
8. By offering the same basic product worldwide, firms help to
create a global market.
9. As a result of globalization, companies rarely need to customize
marketing strategies, product features, and operating practices
in different countries.
10. Globalization has resulted in greater uniformity replacing
diversity across national markets.
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Let Us Practice More
Direction: Analyze each of the following scenarios. Decide whether the most
significant impact of the scenario for you and for our country is positive,
negative, or it depends. Make sure to justify your answer.
SCENARIO FOR YOU FOR OUR COUNTRY
The company that your father
works for has recently been
taken over by a multinational
corporation with job
opportunities in many parts of
the world if he is prepared to
move or relocate.
The shoes that you really like
are much cheaper via an
online shop in America.
Your favorite foreign artist has
just released a new album and
can now be streamed via
Spotify.
In your local town, one of the
main sources of employment
for three generations has been
the fruit cannery. The
company has recently decided
to close the factory and
outsource the canning of fruit
to another country where
labor and fruit are cheaper.
A vlog that you have uploaded
about Filipino food has gone
viral and has reached viewers
all over the world.
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Let Us Remember
Things to Remember!
Globalization is a phenomenon that aims to link the international
community to promote social, cultural and political interconnectedness for
the common good.
Overtime, it has created new jobs and economic growth through cross-
border flow of goods, capital and labor. This results to open competition for
commerce and trades as barriers in terms of taxes and custom tariff and
duties are eased. Free flow of goods and labor among countries is intensified
expecting overall economic growth and political cooperation.
Socially, globalization leads to open communication and greater
interaction among populations of different countries. It facilitates for
exchange of ideas, values and artistic expression among cultures as evident
by sending of scholars and technoctrats and promotion of tourism. This
trend is aimed at developing a common culture among the world population.
Intra and inter-government organizations also begin to be strengthened by
the international community.
Advantages
A. Allows developing and underdeveloped countries to catch up with
developed nations by increasing manufacturing, diversification of
businesses, economic expansion, and improvements in standards of
living;
B. Outsources by companies to provide jobs and technology to developing
countries, e.g. BPO companies in the Philippines providing services to
companies in US and Europe; and
C. Promotes social justice and human rights among states.
Disadvantages
A. Failing economy will have a domino effect on its trading partner in
another country. This is evident among the European Union in which
bail-out was made to save an economically failing nation.
B. Wealth and power are concentrated in the hands of small group of
corporate elite putting smaller competitors in disadvantageous situations
resulting to weakening of their business capability that usually end up
selling their business to bigger companies.
C. Introduction of international products and brand makes way for the
business domination of bigger and developed countries making the
cultural exchange one-sided in favor of those who dominate the market.
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Let Us Assess
Direction: Use the pictures below to describe the concrete effects of
globalization. Write your answers on the space provided.
Source: [Link]
Source: [Link]
Source: [Link]
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Let Us Enhance
Direction: Analyze and answer the question below. Write your answers on
your answer sheet.
What is globalization and in what ways does it
affect your daily life?
Answer
Let Us Reflect
Directions: In writing your reflection, you have to complete the sentence
below.
I learned that
I realized that
If given a chance
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References
Mangiduyos, Gladys P. Trends, Networks, and Critical thinking in the 2st
Century. Manila, Philippines: REX Book Store, 2017.
[Link]. 2020. Globalization | Boundless Management.
[online] Available at: <[Link]
management/chapter/globalization/> [Accessed 1 July 2020].
[Link]. 2020. Globalization Benefits And Challenges |
Principles Of Marketing [Deprecated]. [online] Available at:
<[Link]
spring2016/chapter/readingglobalization-benefits-and-challenges/>
[Accessed 1 July 2020].
Velocity Global. 2020. Globalization Benefits And Challenges. [online]
Available at: <[Link]
and-challenges/> [Accessed 1 July 2020].
[Link]
are-the-benefits-of-collaboration-and-cooperation-in-globalization
[Link]