Malawi University of Science and Technology

Applied Studies Department

MAT 213-CALCULUS II
Tutorial Two

Instructions
• Attempt all the questions in this tutorial document.

• Choose any two of the three assignment questions to complete using software. (Deadline is
10th of May, 2024)

• Use the software package that is familiar to your instructor.

• Use of AI like ChatGPT is strongly prohibited in the assignment.

(
x2 if x ≥ 0
1. Consider the function g(x) defined by: g(x) = 2
−x if x < 0
Is this function even, odd, or neither? Justify your answer.
(
2x if 0 ≤ x < π
2. Let f (x) =
4 if − π ≤ x < 0

(a) Sketch the graph of f (x) over the interval [−π, π].
(b) Discuss any discontinuities and their impact on the Fourier series representation.
(c) Calculate the Fourier series of f (x).

3. Show that f (x) = x2 , where −π ≤ x ≤ π, is an even function. Using this knowledge, find
the appropriate Fourier series expansion of f (x).

4. Show that f (x) = x, where −π ≤ x ≤ π, is an odd function. Using this knowledge, find the
appropriate Fourier series of f (x).

5. Convert each of the following functions to polar or cylindrical coordinates:

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 (a) Equation of the circle centered at (2, 0) with radius 2.
∂f ∂f ∂r ∂f ∂θ
(b) The chain rule: ∂x
= ∂r ∂x
+ ∂θ ∂x
, where f = f (x, y), and x = x(r, θ), y = y(r, θ).
(c) Equation of a circle centered at O with radius 5.
(d) Line y = mx. (Hint: Set m = tan(θ), where θ is the angle formed between the x-axis
and the line.)

6. Sketch the level curves of the following:

(a) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
(b) f (x, y) = 9 − x2 − y 2

7. Convert each of the following to parametric equations:

(a) x2 + 5y 2 = 6. (Hint: Divide both sides by 6 and use polar coordinates.)

1 2
(b) 3
x + 7y 2 = 1.
(c) y = 7x + 8.

8. Suppose f (x, y) = 2x2 y, where x changes from 2 to 2.05 and y changes from 1 to 0.87. Find

(a) ∇f (2, 1).

(b) df (2, 1)
(c) ∆f (2, 1). (Hint: Evaluate f (2.05, 0.87) − f (2, 1))
∂f (2,1)
(d) ∂x
→
− →
− →
−
v f (2, 1), where v = 3 i − 4 j
(e) D−
→

4x2 y sin(x) x2 +7y 2

9. Let f (x, y) = x2 +y 2
, h(x, y) = 2x2 − y 2 , and g(x, y) = x2 +y 2
. Show that:

(a) lim f (x, y) = 0

(x,y)→(0,0)

(b) lim h(x, y) = 4

(x,y)→(2,2)

(c) lim g(x, y) does not exist.

(x,y)→(0,0)

10. Let w(x, t) = xt.

(a) Find the extreme values of w(x, t) subject to x2 + y 2 = 1. Take not that x, y 6= 0.
(b) Determine the nature of extreme values of extreme values using Kuhn-Tucker Conditions
(KTC) or second derivative test.

11. Let F (x, y) = x2 + y 2 − 4x − 2y. Determine the nature of critical points of f (x, y).

12. Solve the problem

arg min U = x2 + xy + y 2
x,y

subject to y≥1
x+y ≤3

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13. Assignment Question One
The following table shows heart rate data (HR) for a person observed over 28 hours. A
researcher assumes that the data can be modeled using a truncated Fourier series of the
form:
m     
X 2πkt 2πkt
f (t) = ak cos + bk sin
k=0
L L

Use the model to answer the following questions:

Table 1: Heart Rates of a Resting Person

Time (h) HR Time (h) HR Time (h) HR Time (h) HR
1 80.03 8 72.99 15 74.90 22 70.32
2 70.83 9 62.10 16 77.60 23 66.33
3 65.46 10 77.41 17 66.39 24 62.83
4 65.36 11 78.09 18 68.06 25 72.44
5 75.80 12 69.60 19 66.27 26 73.82
6 78.03 13 70.45 20 71.17 27 74.28
7 73.51 14 63.88 21 78.74 28 70.40

(a) Use Python, MAPLE, or MATLAB to sketch the graph of HR against time.
(b) Use the graph in (a) to estimate the value of L.
(c) If m = 2, determine how many parameters (ak and bk ) the truncated Fourier series will
have.
(d) Create a
dataframe in your software of choice that includes time-varying variables xak =
cos 2πkt 2πkt


L
and x bk = sin L
for k = 0, 1, 2. Export the dataframe to Excel and name
it.
(e) Use the least squares method to estimate the parameters. How many parameters (ak
and bk ) are there?
(f) Predict the heart rate for the person at times 29 hours and 30 hours.

14. Assignment Question Two

The table below provides data on production (P ), labor (L), and capital (K) invested. A
researcher assumed that the data can be modeled by the function P (K, L) = αLβ K θ (Hint:
Exercise 75, page 870, in Stewart).

Table 2: Yearly Data for P, L, and K

Year P L K Year P L K Year P L K
1899 100 100 100 1900 101 105 107 1901 112 110 114
1902 122 117 122 1903 124 122 131 1904 122 121 138
1905 143 125 149 1906 152 134 163 1907 151 140 176
1908 126 123 185 1909 155 143 198 1910 159 147 208
1911 153 148 216 1912 177 155 226 1913 184 156 236
1914 169 152 244 1915 189 156 266 1916 225 183 298
1917 227 198 335 1918 223 201 366 1919 218 196 387
1920 231 194 407 1921 179 146 417 1922 240 161 431

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 (a) Using logarithmic transformation, demonstrate how this model can be expressed in the
form y = c + m1 x1 + m2 x2 .
(b) Identify y, c, m1 , x1 , m2 , and x2 .
(c) Summarize this data in Excel.
(d) Write code in MAPLE, MATLAB, or Python to find time-varying covariates X1 = x1 ,
Y1 = y1 , and X2 = x2 .
(e) Using the least squares method in MAPLE, MATLAB, or Python, find the parameters
α, β, and θ.
(f) Suppose the labor and capital in 1990 were 190 and 540, respectively. Predict the
production in 1990 using the same code.
(g) With 20 ≤ K ≤ 50 and 20 ≤ L ≤ 50, use any of the three software packages to draw a
surface plot and contours of the Cobb-Douglas function derived in (e).

15. Assignment Question Three

Consider a random variable R that takes on three values {2, 3, 4}. The goal is to find
a unique distribution P (X) = {p, q, r} such that P(R = 2) = p, P(R = 3) = q, and
P(R = 4) = r. Suppose the only information we have is that the expected value of R is
E(R) = 2p + 3q + 4r = 2.75. Additionally, we know that p + q + r = 1. Follow these steps
to solve the problem:

(a) Describe the problem as a constrained optimization problem. (Hint: Use entropy
E = −p log2 (p) − q log2 (q) − r log2 (r) as the objective function, noting that there are
two constraints: 2p + 3q + 4r = 2.75 and p + q + r = 1.)
(b) Construct the Lagrangian for the problem.
(c) Develop a program using MAPLE, MATLAB, or Python that finds p, q and r such that
−p log2 (p) − q log2 (q) − r log2 (r) is maximized. For simplicity in coding, use s = λ1 and
t = λ2 .