QUESTION
1. point out each of the following
I. explain camber
II. mention four objects of camber
III. discuss the factor on which the amount camber to be provided depends
IV. specific the recommended ranges of camber for different types of pavement
surface
2. Sight distance across the curve is one of the important elements of horizontal alignment
design. Show that:
𝑆2 𝑆2
i. 2𝑅𝑀 = [2𝑅𝑀 = or𝑀 = 8𝑅]
4
When the length of the curve is more than the sight distance
𝐿(2𝑆−𝐿)
ii. 𝑀 = 8𝑅
at when the length of the curve is less than the sight distance
(b) Find the minimum set-back from the building to the central line of the road. If the radius of
the center line of the road is 600 m and the sight distance required to be provided is 250 m.
(c) Calculate the set-back from an obstruction to the center line of road, if the radius of the center
line of road is 450 m and the sight distance required is 300 m. The length of the curve is 250 m.
3. in case vehicle length is 6meters and reaction time is 2 second
i. find the speed to give maximum basic capacity
ii. find the capacity
given stopping distance = 0.28vt + 0.01v2
4 The Pocono Raceway in Arusha consists of three turns as diagramed below. Turn data are
given in the table below. Using standard design assumptions, what is the design speed (to the
nearest kph) for the Pocono Raceway based on horizontal curve geometry only. Note that this is
the design speed for a typical automobile and not for a race car. Assume 𝑅𝑣 = 𝑅 and the
coefficient of side friction = 0.12 in all cases and for all speeds.
Turn Number Curve Length Superelevation Angle
1 270 m 10.5% A₁ = 60 degrees
2 250 m 14.1% A₂ = 90 degrees
3 200 m 24.9% A₃ = 30 degrees
b) What is the minimum radius of the curve, 𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛 , that can be used for a non-superelevated
curve in which the tangent cross-section shown is maintained throughout the curve? The design
speed of the 2-lane, 2-way highway is 80 kph. Assume side friction to be 12%.
c) The road up Mt. Rwambizi is being redesigned to accommodate a 60-kph design speed. Part
of this road has an existing curve with a 150 m radius and zero superelevation. Answer the
following 2 questions about the redesign of this curve:
i. If the existing curve radius is kept unchanged, what superelevation is required for the curve to
accommodate a 60-kph design speed (use 𝑓 = 0.15).
ii. How far back from the edge of the road must the rock outcropping be to allow adequate sight
distance for a 60-kph design speed?
5. a) define road safety audit
b) state the two objectives for conducting road safety
c) outline four advantages of conducting road safety audit
d) mention road project stages in which road safety audit is applicable
6. a) mention at list six objectives that should be met in the road geometric design
b) mention at least six important vehicular characteristics to be considered in design
c) define the following concept as far as route design is concerned
i. the concept of primary
ii. the concept of driver expectancy
d) capacity is one of the important road design controls, define the term capacity as
referred in road design
7. A highway transportation agency is conducting a traffic count on an existing highway for
the purpose of determining the directional design volume. An automatic traffic counter using a
weigh-in-motion (WIM) equipment gave a total continuous one-year count of 4,372,096 axles.
Manual classification studies at the count station indicated the following:
Passenger cars = 69%; 3-axle trucks = 21%; 4-axle trucks = 6%; 5-axle trucks = 4%
Questions
i) Calculate the existing average annual daily traffic (AADT) in vehicles per day.
ii) What would be the forecasted AADT assuming vehicle classification proportions
remain the same?
iii) What level of service (LOS) would you choose for design?
iv) What K and D factors would you choose for this roadway?
v) What should be the directional design hourly volume (DDHV)?
8. Two tangent lines meet at Station 320+15. The radius of curvature is 360m, and the angle of
deflection is 14°. Find the length of the curve, the station for the P.C. and P.T., and all other
relevant characteristics of the curve (L.C., M, E).
9. a) If the 85th percentile speed on a road section is 100kph. Estimate the required PSD by
making reasonable assumptions:
• Duration of overtaking: 10 seconds
• Design speed V85: 110kph
• Safety distance: 90m
• Perception reaction time (tpr): 2.5 seconds
Find the required passing sight distance
10. The point of intersection (P.I.) of two tangent lines is Station 15 + 20. The radius of the
curvature is 275m and the angle of deflection is 52°. Find the length of the curve, the station of
the P.C. and P.T., and all other relevant characteristics of the curve.