Probability Exercises for Independent Events
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George LamProbability Exercises for Independent Events
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George LamCommon questions
Powered by AITo find the probability of passing at least once, calculate the complement of failing both quizzes. The probability of failing a quiz is 30%, hence failing both is \((0.3)^2 = 0.09\). Therefore, passing at least once is \(1 - 0.09 = 0.91\).
The probability of not rolling a 3 on any single roll of a die is \(\frac{5}{6}\). When a die is rolled four times, the probability of not getting a 3 on any roll is \((\frac{5}{6})^4 = \frac{625}{1296}\).
For exactly two players scoring out of three, use the binomial formula: \(P(X=k) = \binom{n}{k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k}\). Here, \(n=3\), \(k=2\), \(p=0.8\). It computes as \(\binom{3}{2} (0.8)^2 (0.2)^1 = 3 \times 0.64 \times 0.2 = 0.384\).
The probability that a randomly selected person prefers either tea or coffee can be found using the formula for union of sets: \( P(A \cup B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A \cap B) \). Here, \(P(A) = \frac{65}{100}\), \(P(B) = \frac{50}{100}\), and \(P(A \cap B) = \frac{30}{100}\). Therefore, \( P(A \cup B) = \frac{65}{100} + \frac{50}{100} - \frac{30}{100} = \frac{85}{100} = 0.85 \).
There are 40 non-face cards in a deck. The probability the first card drawn is not a face card is \(\frac{40}{52}\), and for the second card (given the first was not a face), it is \(\frac{39}{51}\). Thus, the probability that neither card is a face card is \(\frac{40}{52} \cdot \frac{39}{51} = \frac{1560}{2652} = \frac{260}{442} \approx 0.588\).
The probability that at least one player scores is found by calculating the complement of the probability that none score. This equation is \(1 - (1-0.6)(1-0.4)(1-0.5)\). Therefore, the probability is \(1 - (0.4)(0.6)(0.5) = 1 - 0.12 = 0.88\).
The probability of exactly two students passing can be calculated using the binomial probability formula: \( P(X=k) = \binom{n}{k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k} \). Here, \(n=3\), \(k=2\), \(p=0.75\). Thus, \( P(X=2) = \binom{3}{2} (0.75)^2 (0.25)^1 = 3 \times 0.5625 \times 0.25 = 0.421875\).
Each section has an equal probability of \(\frac{1}{4}\). The probability of landing on red both times is \(\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{16}\).
When the probability of both events occurring together is lower than the probability of each event occurring separately, it implies that the events might not be independent or that the joint occurrence is particularly unlikely even if they are independent due to individual low probabilities. For two independent events, \(P(A \cap B) = P(A) \cdot P(B)\), but low probabilities of \(A\) and \(B\) can still result in a comparatively low \(P(A \cap B)\).
To find the probability of getting an odd number at least once in two rolls, first calculate the probability of not getting any odd numbers: \(P(not\ odd\ on\ one\ roll) = \frac{3}{6} = 0.5\). For two rolls: \((0.5)^2 = 0.25\). Hence, the probability of getting at least one odd number is \(1 - 0.25 = 0.75\).