Chapter 5
The Nature of Leadership
-3 types of leadership style
INTRODUCTION TO
LEADERSHIP
1. In the twenty-first century, managers are
facing new challenges in managing their
employees. Managers need to drive their
employees in achieving organizational goals.
2. The organization's success or failure is
usually connected to the managers or leaders.
A suitable leadership style practiced by
managers can motivate employees to follow
the given instructions effectively and efficiently.
CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP
1 Leadership refers to the way managers give
orders to their subordinates and influence them
to perform important tasks. Through an effective
leadership style, subordinates can perform their duties
well.
2 Leadership also refers to the ability to influence
other people in the organization in order to
create an environment that motivates
employees to work in a comfortable situation in
achieving organizational goals.
3 Leading has three main branches:
(a) leadership, (b) motivation, and (c) communication.
DEFINITION OF
LEADERSHIP
1. Stogdill defined leadership as a process of leading and
influencing team members in job-related activities. He
explained the three characteristics of this definition.
2. First, leadership must involve other people, such as subordinates
or followers. Subordinates or followers who desire to receive
orders from their managers will make die leadership process a
success. Without the existence of subordinates, all the leadership
qualities possessed by an individual will become irrelevant.
3. Second , in addition to having the valid
power to lead their subordinates'
activities, managers also influence their
subordinates.
4. Therefore, leadership is the ability or
capability of an individual to influence
others.
5. According to Wren (1995), leadership is
an interactive process whereby leaders and
their followers engage in a mutual
interaction in a complex environment to
achieve mutual goals.
6. Wren further stated that leadership is an
influential relationship between leaders and
their followers within a leadership system.
manager can have strong management skill but not leadership
MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
1. Managing and leading are two different
ways of organizing people.
follow plan
2. Manager uses a formal, rational method.
3. Leader uses passion and stirs emotions.
manager(salary)
Management Leadership
Planning and Budgeting Establishing direction
- Established detailed steps - Develops a vision for the
and schedules for achieving future and draws up a plan
needed results, before and required strategies to
allocating the necessary create the changes needed
resources to make it in achieving that vision.
happen.
What? Why? How? Together
Management Leadership
Organising and staffing Aligning people
- Established structures for - Communicates direction in
accomplishing the words and deed to all
requirements of plans; whose cooperation are
staffing those structures needed, in order to influence
with the right individuals, the creation of teams and
delegating authority and coalitions that understand
responsibilities to carry out and accept the vision and
those plans, providing strategies as valid.
policies and procedures to
help guide people
solve together
solve problem
Management Leadership
Controlling and problem- Motivating and inspiring
solving
- Energizes people to
- Monitors results, identifies overcome major political,
deviations from plans, then bureaucratic and resource-
organizes plans to solve related barriers to result in
problems. change that satisfies basic,
but often unfulfilled human
needs.
willing to change
follow plan
take risk
Management Leadership
Produce a degree of Produces change
predictability and order
- Has the potential to
- Has the potential to produce extremely useful
consistently produce changes.
expected short-term results.
LEADERSHIP SKILLS
team spirit
Building and sustaining relationships
Developing and communicating a vision
Influencing people
Making decisions take risk
solve problem
Overcoming setbacks and adversity
Understanding people’s needs
LEADERSHIP STYLE final exam
choose either one, not need memorize both
(i) Democratic or Participative Leadership Style
The top-level and lower-level management will make
decisions together through negotiations. This leadership style
is suitable for organizations practising the decentralization of
power.
This leadership style is human relations-oriented
whereby all employees are encouraged to provide
their views before the final decision is made.
Employee participation in the decision-making process can
create a commitment towards the decision made and
improve the quality of the decision.
Subordinates' participation level depends on the problems
faced by the organization. elaborate/explain three
types of leadership style
sample: choose one type
Q1) Describe the most effective leadership style. (15m)
Q2) Explain the leadership style. (15m)
specific 3 points(u hv alr learned)
Sometimes, although the subordinates' views are taken into
consideration, the final decision is made individually by the
leaders or the top-level management, especially when the
decision needs to be made quickly.
Employee participation in the decision making process are
usually required when leaders want to obtain a
comprehensive solution and the decision need not be made
quickly.
Advantages of this leadership style are the spirit of team
work increases and employees support the decisions made
by them.
The disadvantages of a democratic leadership style are, it
slows down the decision-making process, reduces
accountability towards the decision, and increases the
tendency to make a decision that satisfies all parties although
that decision may not be the best solution.
Autocratic
(ii) Authoritarian or Dictator Leadership Style
Authoritarian leadership style involves leaders who make
decisions and act on the decision individually.
Followers or subordinates do not involve directly in the
decision-making process and their views are not taken into
consideration when the decision is made.
Decisions which are made by the leaders will be informed to
the subordinates and they are required to follow and
implement the decision.
The enforcement of decisions is through a rewards and
punishments system. Rewards will be given to subordinates
who follow their leaders' orders while punishment will be
imposed to subordinates who disobey the orders.
A one-way communication is practised, from leaders to
followers.
Obedience and loyalty to leaders are required to
ensure an effective authoritarian leadership style.
An advantage of this leadership style is decisions
can be made quickly because leaders do not have
to obtain a consensus from their team members.
The disadvantage of authoritarian leadership style
is, team members might not be satisfied with their
leaders' decision and this will weaken the spirit of
team work.
The authoritarian leadership style is suitable for
military activities, when the company faces a
crisis, has a large number of employees, or has
unmotivated employees.
(iii) Laissez-faire or Free Form Leadership Style
Leaders who practise a laissez-faire leadership style
will give freedom and autonomy to their
subordinates to make decisions and act on it
without referring to the leaders. power
Leaders have little control or influence on their
subordinates.
Team members will use their expertise and
knowledge to make the decision and act upon it.
Decisions made are usually within their specific
power.
This leadership style is practised based on the
assumption that subordinates understand their jobs
and duties better.
Leaders will provide advice to team members when required
and determine the team's direction. However, the final
decision can be made by any employee in the organization.
An advantage of this leadership style is that it can increase
the chances of career development for subordinates because
each employee is given the opportunity to contribute to
organizational activities and to work independently.
The disadvantage of a laissez-faire leadership style is the lack
of understanding and unity among employees to perform a
task, hence affecting the organization's goal accomplishment.
Lack of high caliber leaders will cause team members to lose
direction, hence become difficult to control. All these will
cause inefficiency in the operations of the organization.