JUNIOR SCHOOL

EDUCATION
MATHEMATICS
FOR GRADE 9

2025

CBC
STRAND 1: NUMBERS
SUBSTRAND: Integers
Introduction to Integers

Meaning of integers: An integer is a positive whole number, negative whole numbers and including zero.
Examples of integers include 2, -3, 5, 0, 4 , 7, etc.

The number line

A number line is a pictorial representation of numbers on a straight line. It's a reference for comparing and
ordering numbers. It can be used to represent any integer.
Integers can be illustrated on a number line as shown below.

Any integer is less than all other integers to the right of it. Thus, -2 is less than -1 but greater than -3.
The symbol < and > are used to denote 'less than greater than 'respectively.
Thus, -2 < -1 and -2> -3

ASSIGNMENT

Use < or to compare the following pairs of numbers;

1. -5 and + 1
2. -3 and +4
3. -5 and +5
4. -10 and +1
5. -7 and -9
6. -20 and -36
7. 1 and -25
8. 15 and -30
9. 25 and -38

Addition of Integers

Addition of integers

Addition of integers can be represented on a number line. For example, to add +3 to +2, we begin at +2 and move 3
units to the right, as shown in the figure below.

If instead we begin at +3 and move 2 units to the right, what would be the result?
Similarly, to add -1 and +5, we begin at +5 and move 1 unit to the left, as shown in the figure below.
 EXERCISE

Show how the following additions can be done using a number line and give the results.

1.
2. (+2) + (+3)
3. (+8) + (+7)
4. (+12) + (+9)
5. (+7) + (+7)
6.
7. (+7) + (-4)
8. (-8) + (+5)
9. (+15) + (-14)
10. (-9) + (+2)
11.
12. (+8) + (-4)
13. (-13) + (+13)
14. (+4) + (-13)
15. (-11) + (+5)
16.
17. (-3) + (-4)
18. (-7) + (+2)
19. (-15) + (+12)
20. (-6) + (-6)
21.
22. (+2) + (+3) + (+5)
23. (+4) + (-2) + (-3)
24. (+6) + (-2) + (+6)
25. (-7) + (-2) + (+6)
26.
27. (-4) + (-3) + (-2)
28. (-1) + (-7) + (0)
29. (+6) + (+2) + (-5)
30. (+8) + (-3) + (+12)

FOR COMPLETE NOTES CONTACT MADAM 0726937493

Subtraction of Integers

Steps for Subtracting Integers

To subtract integers on a number line, we need to move towards the left side when subtracting a positive number from a
given number. On the other hand, when we subtract a negative integer from a given number, we move towards the right
side of the number line.

Examples

(1). -2 - (-7)

(2).

ASSIGNMENT

Evaluate the following;

1.
2. 45-15
3. 35-16
4. 17-42
5. 19-70
6.
7. 12 - (-7)
8. 25 -( -36)
9. 30 - (-50)
10. 55 - (-28)
11.
12. (-5) - (+16)
13. (-11) - (+18)
14. (-40) - (20)
15. (-36) - (+52)
16.
17. (-15) - (-22)
18. (-33) - (-23)
19. (-26) - (-19

20. (-76) - (-58)

Multiplication of Integers

Steps for Multiplying Integers

Multiplication of integers follows the following rules.

A positive number times a positive number equals a positive number.

A positive number times a negative number equals a negative number. A negative number times a positive number

equals a negative number. A negative number times a negative number equals a positive number.

EXAMPLES

5 x -6 = -30 -2 x 5 = -10

4 x -6 = -24 -2 x 4 = -8

3 x -6 = -18 -2 x 3 = -6

2 x -6 = -12 -2 x 2 = -4

1 x -6 = -6 -2 x 1 = -2

0 x -6 = 0 -2 x 0 = 0

-1 x -6 = 6 -2 x -1 = 2

-2 x -6 = 12 -2 x -2 = 4

-3 x -6 = 18 -2 x -3 = 6

-4 x -6 = 24 -2 x -4 = 8

-5 x -6 = 30 -2 x -5 = 10
EXERCISE

Evaluate:

1.
2. -3 x -7 =
3. -8 x -10 =
4. -13 x -3 =
5. -16 x -2 =
6.
7. -60 x -4 =
8. -16 x -8 =
9. -33 x 3 =
10. -45 x -20 =
11.
12. -56 x -2 =

13. -5 x 8 x -2 =
14. -7 x -3 x 10 =
15.
16. -4 x -4 x -4 x -4 =
17. -10 x 2 x 10 =
FOR COMPLETE NOTES CONTACT MADAM 0726937493
Division of Integers

Steps for Dividing Integers

Division of integers follows the following rules.

(i) (a positive number) ÷ (a positive number) = (a positive number)

(ii) (a positive number) ÷ (a negative number) = (a negative number)

(iii) (a negative number) ÷ (a positive number) = (a negative number)

(iv) (a negative number) ÷ (a negative number) = (a positive number) In

general, for multiplication and division of integers:

Two like signs give positive sign,

Two unlike signs give negative sign

EXAMPLES

1. -4÷-2=2
2. -2÷-2=1
3. -4÷-4=1
4. -8÷4=2
5. -6÷3=-2
6. 4÷-2=-2

EXERCISE

Evaluate

1.
2. 10÷2
3. 50 ÷ -25
4. 98 ÷ -14
5. 126÷9
67.288 ÷ -24
8. 42÷6
9. -90 ÷ 10
10. -125 ÷ 5
112. -615 ÷ 15
13. -1080 ÷ 90
14. -140 ÷ -20

15. -256 ÷ 16
167. -289 ÷ 17
18. -560 ÷ 16
19. -912 ÷ 19
20. -570 ÷ 19
Combined Operations on Integers

Steps for Combined Operations on Integers

The order in which operations are performed can be shown by use of brackets.

(1). 'Subtract 8 from 18 and then subtract 5 from the result' can be written as (18 - 8) -5 = 10 - 5 = 5

(2) 'Subtract 5 from 8 and then subtract the result from 18' can be written as 18 - (8 - 5) = 18 - 3 = 15

Note that;

(18-8)-5≠18-(8-5)

At times, more than two operations may occur in one expression, e.g, 6 x 3 - 4 ÷ 2 + 5. In such a case, we begin by

brackets, then division, followed by multiplication, addition and finally subtraction, in that order. This can be shown

by the use of the brackets, as below:

(6 x 3 ) - (4 ÷ 2) + 5 = 18 - 2 + 5 = 21

The BODMAS rule is applicable when more than operation appears in the same question.

EXERCISE

(1).

a. (18 - 24) + 30 = b. 32 + (17 + 30) =

c. 13 - (18 +7) = d. (62 - 94) + 20 =

e. 84 - (100 + 2) = f. (74 -24) + 30 =

g. (77 + 54) - 110 = h. (100 - 150) + 180

i. 222 - (158 + 90) = j. 1120 - (1450 + 120) =

(2).

a. 72 - 30 + 25 = b. 86 - 109 + 4 =

c. 209 + 43 - 300 = d. 348 + 60 - 510 =

e. 890 - 100 + 23 = f. 989 + 100 - 1470 =

g. 763 - 26 + 471 = h. 1190 + 340 + 670 =

i. 666 - 892 + 238 = j. 3004 - 563 + 1044 =

(3).

a. 2 x (10 ÷ 5) = b. (6 x18) ÷ 9 =

c. 90 ÷ (10 x 3) = d. -84 ÷ (7 x 4) =
e. (-39 ÷ 13) -8 = f. 21 x (14 ÷ 7) =

g. 1320 ÷ (11 x 5) = h. (-420 ÷ 28) x 5 =

i. 20 x (525 ÷ 21) = j. (1125 ÷ 15) x 19 =

k. 11 x 12 ÷ 4 = l. 19 x 8 ÷ 2 =

m. 64 ÷ 16 x 9 = n. -256 ÷ 64 x 10 =

o. 3 x 68 ÷ 17 = p. 91 ÷ 13 x 5 =

q. -11 x 125 ÷ 5 = r. -369 ÷ 123 x 8 =

Word Problems on Integers

1. If x = -2, y = -6 and z = 4, find the values of each of the following:

2. 4z + 2y - x
3. 2y - 3x + z
4. 4xy/z
5. 3yz/x
6. On a certain day, a student measured the temperature inside a deep freezer and found that it was -3°C

while the room temperature was 24°C. What was the temperature difference between the room and the

deep freezer?

7. Rhoda walked four floors down from the tenth floor and then took a lift to the eighteenth floor. How
many floors did she go through while in the lift?
8. Kericho is a town on Kisumu-Nakuru road. The distance between Kisumu and Kericho is 85km, while that
between Kericho and Nakuru is 105km. What is the distance between Nakuru and Kisumu?
9. A man was born in 1966. His father was born in 1928 and the mother three years later. If the man's

daughter was born in 1992 and the son 5 years earlier, find the difference between the age of the man's

mother and that of his son.

10. The temperature of a patient admitted to a hospital with fever was 42°C. After treatment, his

temperature settled at 36.8°C. Find the change in temperature.

FOR COMPLETE NOTES CONTACT

MADAM 0726937493
Cubes and Cube Root
Cubes from the Tables