[Link]
com/DebugWithShubham
[Link]
Cognizant GenC
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Cognizant GenC 2025
TOP- 20 JAVA
Interview
Question
With
Answers
By- Shubham Maurya
Q1. What is Java? Why is it platform independent?
Answer:
Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language.
Java platform independent hai kyun ki code bytecode me convert hota hai jo JVM pe run hota
hai
One-liner:
Write once, run anywhere.
Q2. What is JVM, JRE, and JDK?
Answer:
JVM → Java Virtual Machine (runs bytecode)
JRE → JVM + libraries (to run Java programs)
JDK → JRE + development tools (to develop programs)
Q3. What is OOPs? Explain its pillars.
Answer:
OOPs organizes code using objects.
4 pillars:
-Encapsulation
-Abstraction
-Inheritance
-Polymorphism
Q4. What is Class and Object?
Answer:
-Class → Blueprint
-Object → Instance of class
Example:
class Car {}
Car c = new Car();
Q5. Di erence between == and equals()
Answer:
== → compares reference
equals() → compares content/value
ff
Q6. What is Constructor? Types?
Answer:
Constructor is a special method used to initialize objects.
Types:
-Default constructor
-Parameterized constructor
-Constructor name = class name.
Q7. What is Inheritance?
Answer:
Inheritance allows a class to acquire properties of another class using extends.
Bene ts:
-Code reuse
-Maintainability
Q8. What is Polymorphism?
Answer:
Polymorphism means one method, multiple behaviors.
Types:
-Compile-time (Method Overloading)
-Runtime (Method Overriding)
Q9. Di erence between Method Overloading and Overriding
Overloading Overriding
Same class Parent–Child class
Compile-time Runtime
Di erent parameters Same method signature
Q10. What is Abstraction?
Answer:
Abstraction hides internal details and shows only essential features.
Achieved using:
-Abstract class
-Interface
fi
ff
ff
Q11. Interface vs Abstract Class
Abstract Class Interface
Can have method body Only abstract methods (Java 7)
Supports constructor No constructor
Single inheritance Multiple inheritance
Q12. What is Encapsulation?
Answer:
Encapsulation binds data and methods together and protects data using access modi ers.
Example:
Private variables + public getters/setters
Q13. What are access modifiers in Java?
Answer:
-public
-private
-protected
-default
Controls visibility of data.
Q14. What is Exception Handling?
Answer:
Used to handle runtime errors using:
try
catch
nally
throw
throws
Example:
try {
int a = 10/0;
} catch(Exception e) {
[Link]("Error");
}
Q15. Checked vs Unchecked Exception
Checked Unchecked
Compile-time Runtime
IOException NullPointerException
fi
Q16. What is ArrayList vs LinkedList?
ArrayList LinkedList
Fast access Fast insertion/deletion
Uses array Uses nodes
Q17. What is String, StringBu er, StringBuilder?
String StringBu er. StringBuilder
Immutable Mutable. Mutable.
Thread-safe (NO) Thread-safe (YES) Thread-safe (NO)
Q18. What is static keyword?
Answer:
Static members belong to class, not object.
Used for memory management.
Q19. What is final keyword?
Answer:
nal variable → value cannot change
nal method → cannot override
nal class → cannot inherit
Q20. Why Java is preferred in enterprise applications?
Answer:
Because Java is secure, scalable, platform-independent, and has strong community support
fi
fi
fi
ff
ff