2 Decide whether each of the triangles below is right-angled. If it is, name the right angle.

a A b 12
B C

20 16
16
20

B 14 C
A

c A d B
6.5 8
B
15
6 C
2.5
C 17

e C f B
12.5

3.5 7.5
5.5 C
10
A A

4.5
B

3 John starts at a point A and cycles 12 km due north. He turns east at point B, cycles
16 km and reaches point C. How far is he from his starting point?
B 16 km C
N

12 km

4 How high is the balloon off the ground if it is tied to a wooden pole at a height of 1.5 m
by a cord of length 25 m?

25 m

20 m
1.5 m
5 Two ants take different paths CA and BA, respectively, while walking back to their nest
at point A. How much further does one ant walk than the other? Round your answer to
2 decimal places.

4m
C B

3m

6 a A square has side length 3 cm. Find the length of the diagonal correct to 2 decimal
places.
b The diagonal length of a square is 4 cm. Find the side length of the square.
7 Find the length of AD in the diagram below.

2m

C 2m D
 Review exercise

2 Write each percentage as a mixed numeral with the fraction in simplest form.
a 50% b 85% c 43% d 200%
e 340% f 185% g 12.5% h 624%
3 Calculate:
a 40% of 20 b 25% of 18 c 23% of 200
d 18% of 150 e 97% of 200 f 3% of 600
g 85% of 4080 h 110% of 340 000 i 125% of 36
4 In a city, 33% of vehicles are utes, 18% are four-wheel drives, 27% are sedans and 22%
are station wagons. If there are 29 700 vehicles in the city, how many of each type of
vehicle are there?
1 2
5 When the kindergarten children arrived yesterday, of them were wearing skirts,
3 4 5
were wearing shorts, were wearing dresses and the rest of the children were wearing
10
jeans. What percentage of the children were wearing jeans?
6 What is the weight of fat, in grams, in one 200 g container of yoghurt, if 3% of the
yoghurt, by weight, is fat?
7 Find:
a 12.5% of 3000 b 3.5% of 6000 c 33 13 % of 4200
d 5.6% of 9000 e 62.5% of 4200 f 12.5% of 320 000
g 5.5% of 200 h 2.4% of 1000 i 0.1% of 78
j 15% of 140 k 99.95% of 30 000 l 1.375% of 240
8 The label on a 750 mL bottle of soft drink states that it contains 5% pure lemon juice.
a How many millilitres of pure lemon juice does it contain?
b If pure lemon juice costs 50 cents per 100 mL, what is the value of the lemon juice in
the bottle?
9 In a group of 500 people, 22% are left-handed. How many of the group are left-handed?
10 In a flock of 2650 sheep, 32% have black wool. How many black sheep are there?
11 A breakfast cereal contains 23 12 % oats, by weight. What is the weight of oats in a
package of cereal containing 1500 g of the cereal?
12 There are 16 540 high-school students in Sunview, and 60% of them attend state high
schools. What is the number of state high-school students in Sunview?
13 It is known that watermelons are 92% water. A particular watermelon weighs 3600 g.
How much does the water in this watermelon weigh?
14 A meat pie weighs 320 g. It is found that 73% of the pie is meat. What is the weight of
the meat in the pie?
15 A packet of shortbread biscuits weighs 280 g. It is known that the biscuits are 12% butter,
by weight. Find the weight of butter in one packet of biscuits.

19 2 I C E - E M M at h em at ic s year 8
ICE-EM Mathematics 8 3ed ISBN 978-1-108-40429-7 © The University of Melbourne / AMSI 2017 Cambridge University Press
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.
16 In total, 14 carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen atoms make up one toxic molecule. If the
number of carbon atoms is 5 more than the number of nitrogen atoms, and 42 67 % of the
atoms are carbon, find the number of each type of atom.
17 The price of a shirt including GST is $110. What is the pre-GST price of the shirt?
18 A hotel charges a fee of 2% for a guest using a credit card. If the hotel bill is $1250
before the fee is applied, how much is the fee?
19 A shop is offering a discount of 10% on all goods. If a garden table is priced at $550,
what is the discount?
20 The label on a 750 mL bottle of soft drink states that it contains 15% pure mango juice.
a How many millilitres of mango juice does it contain?
b If pure mango juice costs 25 cents per 100 mL, what is the value of the mango juice in
the bottle?
21 In a clothing factory, 28% of the employees are female. There are 672 female employees.
How many employees are there in total?
22 A sheep station has 1872 merino sheep. This is 36% of all the sheep on the station. How
many sheep are there on the station?
23 A farm grows both barley and wheat. 30% of the barley is grown organically and 60% of
the wheat is grown organically. 70% of the grain produced by the farm is wheat and the
remainder is barley. What percentage of the farm’s grain is organically grown?
24 On a test containing 30 true/false questions, David gave 50% more right answers than
wrong ones. How many questions did he answer correctly?
25 A car salesyard is offering 15% off all new cars. If a car is priced at $32 500, what is the
discount being offered?

Challenge exercise

1 Fred Callum earns a salary of $450 per week for a 40-hour week. His weekly salary is
increased by 10% and his number of hours worked is decreased by 10%. Calculate his
new hourly salary.
2 The length of a rectangle is increased by 15% and the width decreased by 10%. If the
area of the original rectangle is 100 cm 2, find the area of the new rectangle.
3 In a lottery, only 0.002% of tickets won prizes. If there were two prizes, how many
tickets were sold?

C h a p t e r 7  P e r c e n ta g e s 193
ICE-EM Mathematics 8 3ed ISBN 978-1-108-40429-7 © The University of Melbourne / AMSI 2017 Cambridge University Press
Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.