As per Doc 10057

भारतीय विमानपत्तन प्राविकरण 2023

AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

Unit Training Course

NAV-AIDS

ILS NM70XXB3

MODULE- 4

Maintenance of Equipment interfaces and Antenna

AAI/ANS/CNS/CATC/2023/CBTA-UNIT
TRNG/NAV-AIDS1.0-ILS (NM70XXB3)-MOD 4 CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
 Training Quality Policy

“To develop the human

resources for the aviation
industry, ensuring conformity of
the processes, by adapting the
best practices within industry
and building higher skills and
standards in training.”
 Version Control

Module AAI/ANS/CNS/CATC/2023/CBTA-UNIT TRNG/NAV-AIDS/V1.0-ILS (NM70XXB3)-MOD 4

Version 1.0 1. Sh. Dr. S. Mariappan, JGM(ATSEP), SMU-Chennai
Developed by 2. Sh. [Link], AGM(ATSEP), Imphal
3. Sh. Pravin Kumar Singh, AGM(CNS), CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
4. Sh. Kripa Shankar Yadava , AGM (CNS), Varanasi
5. Sh. Nanda Kumar KN, SM(CNS),SMU, Chennai
6. Sh. K Harinath, SM (CNS), BIAL
7. Sh. Rohit Kr Gupta, SM(CNS), Jaipur
Vetted By 1. Sh. Pravin Kumar Singh, AGM(CNS), CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
2. Sh. Kripa Shankar Yadava , AGM (CNS), Varanasi
3. Sh. K Harinath, SM (CNS), BIAL
4. Sh. Rohit Kr Gupta, SM(CNS), Jaipur

Period of vetting 26th Dec. 2023 to 29th Dec. 2023.

Vetting Reference As per ICAO Doc 10057 & CHQ vetting guideline.
Maintained By CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
Version Number Modified By Modifications Made Date Date
Modified approved
 Preface
This “ILS(NM70XXB3)” hand-out conforms to the standards and recommended
practices of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) vide Doc. 9868 (PANS Training) Part
IV Chapter 3 for ATSEP and Doc. 10057 (Manual on Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel-
Competency Based Training and Assessment).

With pleasure, I authenticate this hand-out and make it available for imparting Unit
training course on ILS (NM70XXB3) for ATSEPs at CATC/RTCs & their satellite centres in AAI.

The course content has been approved by CHQ of AAI. It is hoped that the trainee
ATSEPs will find it informative, interesting and better in presentation.

I am sure that the trainees will carry a sense of pride in undergoing this Unit Training
course of ICAO standard.

This handout on “ILS (NM70XXB3)” is specifically designed and developed to equip the
ATSEPs with requisite competencies required to carry out Operation and Maintenance of ILS
(NM70XXB3) system. It offers complete coverage of the unit in terms of knowledge and
practical exposure of the ILS (NM70XXB3) system including Transmitter, Monitor, FFM,
Antenna system, Power Supply system, Ancillary equipment, Remote Maintenance and
Monitoring system and the interconnectivity within the ILS (NM70XXB3) system. In addition,
it emphasises the importance and criticality of controlled environment in which CNS
installations operate.

This handout is intended to be kept up to date. It will be amended periodically as new

technological developments are made in the field of Air Navigation Services.

For the development and presentation of this module as per ICAO Doc 10057, I would like
to appreciate the meticulous and excellent work done by the course developers.

Errors, if any or suggestions, if brought to the notice of undersigned would be highly

commendable as it will serve to improve this module and contribute to our objective of
achieving excellence in the field of ATSEP training.

GM (CNS)/ Head of ATSEP training

CATC, PRAYAGRAJ-211012
Dated: 27th December 2023
 About the module
“ILS NM 70XXB3 Unit Training Course”

This unit training course on the subject “ILS NM 70XXB3-UNIT TRAINING MODULE4” deals with the
following topics:

 Maintenance of the CI and Tower Equipment

 Maintenance of Far Field Monitor
 Maintenance of the LLZ Antenna System
 Maintenance of the GP Antenna System

The contents of each topic have been developed as per the expected level of accomplishment given in
DOC 10057. However, the exact contents in this module may not fully represent the original source or
documents, as the contents are customized for the internal training purpose of AAI by the course
developers those who have significant exposure in the industry.

All ATSEP should successfully complete this unit training course. Assessment at this stage will normally be
conducted using assessment tools such as ICA (Interim competency Assessment) , FCA (Final Competency
Assessment), Practical & viva.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................... 2
TITLE: MAINTENANCE OF THE CI AND TOWER EQUIPMENT ...................................... 2
1.1. DESCRIBE CI1748 BLOCK DIAGRAM ............................................................... 4
1.2. DESCRIBE MB 1575A MONITOR SECTION MOTHERBOARD ............................. 9
1.3. DESCRIBE TOWER EQUIPMENT ..................................................................... 11
1.4. MODEMS ........................................................................................................ 35
1.5. PERFORM BOARDS CONNECTION/ADJUSTMENTS/CONFIGURATION ........... 36
1.6. RESTORE THE BOARDS ................................................................................. 76
CHAPTER 2 ......................................................................................................... 78
TITLE: MAINTENANCE OF FAR FIELD MONITOR ....................................................... 78
2.1. DESCRIBE THE FAR FIELD MONITOR ............................................................ 80
2.2. INSTALLATION, SETUP AND CONFIGURATION ............................................... 90
2.3. HOW TO OPERATE THE NORMARC 7720 FFM ................................................ 95
2.4. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................... 96
2.5. PERFORM BOARD REPLACEMENT ................................................................. 97
CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................... 98
TITLE: MAINTENANCE OF THE LLZ ANTENNA SYSTEM ............................................ 98
3.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF LOCALIZER ANTENNA SYSTEM ........................ 100
3.2. PERFORM LLZ ANTENNA SYSTEM CHECKS AND ALIGNMENTS ................... 122
3.4. PERFORM LLZ ANTENNA SYSTEM ALIGNMENT (MONITOR SIDE) ................. 137
3.5. PERFORM LLZ ADU & MCU BENCH TESTING ............................................... 139
3.6. RESTORE THE LLZ ANTENNA SYSTEM ......................................................... 139
CHAPTER 4 ....................................................................................................... 147
TITLE: MAINTENANCE OF THE GP ANTENNA SYSTEM ............................................ 147
4.1. GLIDEPATH ANTENNA SYSTEM .................................................................... 149
4.2. DESCRIBE GP ANTENNA SYSTEM (TRANSMITTER SIDE) .............................. 151
4.3. PERFORM GP ANTENNA SYSTEM ALIGNMENT (TRANSMITTER SIDE) ........... 160
4.4. DESCRIBE GP ANTENNA SYSTEM (MONITOR SIDE) ..................................... 166
4.5. PERFORM GP ANTENNA SYSTEM ALIGNMENT (MONITOR SIDE) .................. 171
4.6. PERFORM GP ADU & MCU BENCH TESTING (OPTION) ................................. 175
4.7. RESTORE GP ANTENNA SYSTEM .................................................................. 176

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Chapter 1
TITLE: Maintenance of the CI and Tower Equipment

Chapter Objective:

With reference, the participants will be able to CI and Tower

Equipment.

Interim Objective:

1.1 Describe the CI1748 block diagram;

1.2 Describe MB 1575A Monitor Section Motherboard;

1.3 Describe Tower Equipment;
1.4 Describe Modem;
1.5 Perform Boards Connection/Adjustments / Configuration;

1.6 Restore the Boards

References:
 NORMARC 7013B-14B Instruction Manual and
 NORMARC 7033B-34B Instruction Manual

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1.1. Describe CI1748 Block Diagram

1.1.1. CI 1748A Connection Interface

The CI 1748A Connection Interface (CI) module unit provides a connection

point for all signals except RF signal and high current signals into to the ILS
cabinet. The CI module is located in the rear of the ILS cabinet. The CI module is
used together with one or two PC1749 modules that handles the power input
and associated signals.

The CI module is connected to the cabinet backplane MB1575 through a

flat cable. All lines to external equipment are protected against surges and over-
voltages.

A block diagram is shown in Figure 1-1

The CI module is one circuit board with the following blocks.

a) DME interface

b) Analogue multiplexer

c) USB to serial converter

d) RS-232 drivers and receivers

e) Micro controller

f) Digital multiplexers (mux)

g) Modem

h) Shift registers

i) LEDs

j) Configuration

k) CAN Driver

l) Connectors (including a JTAG and a Test connector)

The main task of the CI module is to provide connection points for external
signal for the ILS cabinet. It interfaces the external signals (voltages) to levels that
can be handled by the internal modules in the cabinet. The Connection Interface
also formats serial data to and from the remote control depending on the
configuration.

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1.1.2. CI 1748 Block description

Figure 1.1 CI1748 Block Diagram

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[Link]. DME interface

The DME interface is used to connect the DME equipment to the ILS. This
interface has opto-couplers to isolate the equipment. These signals are routed
from the CI module to the TX control in the cabinet. The DME interface is
configurable using straps.

[Link]. Analogue multiplexer

The analogue multiplexer is used to select one of more analogue inputs.

The select input is controlled by the RMS. The outputs are routed to the RMS. All
external voltage inputs are adjusted to correct ranges before measured. The
interface can select values such as outdoor and indoor temperature, mains
voltage (through a transformer), external analogue voltages, battery and battery
charger voltages and currents. The CI module does not interpret the measured
values.

[Link]. USB interface

This is a multiplexer that select either the RS-232 input or the USB input to
the RMS. When a PC is connected to the USB connector and the com port is
opened the USB input is selected. When the USB com port is de-selected or the
USB cable is removed, then the RS-232 input is selected.

[Link]. RS-232 Drivers/Receivers

This block converts the signals between logical levels and RS-232 levels.

[Link]. Micro controller

This block consists of an AVR micro controller. Most serial data are routed
through this controller. How to route and change format of this data is decided
from the configuration, refer Table 1-1

The RC data to/from the TX control is always routed through the micro
controller and then to the internal or external modem. If configured, the micro
controller will include RMM data from the RMS in the same data stream. If not
configured, the RMM data will be routed to Remote 1. Depending on the
configuration different formats on the data and bit rates will be selected. This
block also includes external RAM and an address latch, and a strap to reset the
micro controller.

[Link]. Watchdog

The micro controller has a built-in watchdog. This watchdog has its own
oscillator that generates a clock that is divided down. This divided value runs a
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counter. If this counter overruns, the micro controller will be reset. This counter
will be reset in the programs main loop if the program runs correctly.

[Link]. Mains failure

The micro controller reads in all the Mains Warnings signals from the PC
1749 cards. If one PC 1749 is connected (PC 1749 Sense 2 is open/high), the micro
controller will route Mains Warning 1 and 2 to Mains Failure 1 and 2. If two PC
1749s are connected (PC 1749 Sense 2 is low), the micro controller will route
Mains Warning 1 to Mains Failure 1 and Mains Warning 3 to Mains Failure 2.

[Link]. RMM data

When RMM data is combined with TC data, the TC data has priority. The
micro controller uses hardware flow control to control the input of RMM data.
This is done by deactivating the CTS signal on the RMM port when there are 64
bytes or less free space in the RMM data input buffer. The CTS signal is activated
again when 32 bytes or less remain in the input buffer.

[Link]. Digital multiplexers

These blocks are used to route digital signals. There is a total of three
digital multiplexers.

a) One used to multiplex RMM data to a connector (Remote1) or to the

micro controller

b) One used to multiplex RC(/RMM) data to the internal or external modem

c) One used to multiplex data from RS-232 or from USB local connector

[Link]. Modem

This block converts logic level serial signals to and from V.22/1200bps or
V.22bis/2400bps level leased line signals depending on protocol selected for
interface. The modem is controlled on the same serial lines as the data, using AT
commands.

[Link]. Shift registers

This is the interface for digital signals, this block contains shift registers
used to convert parallel/discrete inputs and outputs to serial form read/written
by the micro controller. This block also contains pull-ups for the inputs.

The following shift registers are present in this block

a) One output register used to control the output of the User I/O
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b) One output register used to generate mains failure to the RMS and
to control 6 LEDs
c) One input register used to read the status of the User I/O
d) Two input registers used to read the status from the PC 1749
card(s), read auxiliary information (Intruder, Fire_Al, Air, Spare) and
to read two test inputs.
The status from the inputs are sent to the RMS using the IIC bus, or sent to
the remote control.
[Link]. LEDs

There is a total of 9 LEDs on the Connection Interface. 3 of these are

connected to the micro controller, while the other 6 are connected to the shift
registers. These are inside the micro controller block and shift register block and
are not visible on the block diagram.

[Link]. Configuration

This block contains 8 configuration jumpers. The settings of these jumpers

are read into the micro controller using a shift register. Only three are defined,
the rest are for future expansions.

Following interface protocols are supported (strap: 1=open, 0=set/installed):

Protocol strap
No 3 2 1 Protocol Data Speed Modem I/F
1 0 0 0 UILS 423 RC+RMM 2400, N, 8,1 Internal
2 0 0 1 UILS 423 RC+RMM 9600, N, 8,1 External
3 0 1 0 UILS 423 RC only 2400, N, 8,1 Internal
4 0 1 1 UILS 423 RC only 9600, N, 8,1 External
5 1 0 0 SI 1614/ 1618A Old RC only 1200, N, 8,1 External
6 1 0 1 SI 1614/ 1618A Old RC only 1200, N, 8,1 External
7 1 1 0 SI 1614/ 1618A Old RC only 9600, N, 8,1 External
8 1 1 1 UILS147 Old RC only 300, O, 8,1 External

Table 1.1 CI1748 Protocol Selection

a) “UILS423” means that it is compatible with the RCA1750 Remote Control.
b) “SI 1618A/1614A” means that it is compatible with SI 1618A Serial
Interface in the Remote-control end.
c) “UILS147” means that it is compatible with the RCA 1240 Remote Control
using external modems.
The functionality supported by the Remote Control depends on the
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protocol selection. SI 1618A and CI UILS147 protocols do not provide LO BATT 1,

LO BATT 2, TX1 ON AIR and TX2 ON AIR parameters.

[Link]. CAN Driver

This block contains interface circuit (driver) for CAN bus interface. This will
normally not be used but is present for future expansions.

[Link]. Connectors

Pin outs of all connectors are listed in chapter 1.5.1. In addition to

connectors used during normal operation, there is a 10-pin connector with AVR
JTAG pin out located on the CI module. This interface is used for programming
and debugging during manufacturing. A test connector used for debugging or for
future use is also included.

1.2. Describe MB 1575A Monitor Section Motherboard

1.2.1. MB 1575A Monitor Section Motherboard:

MB 1575A is the backplane for the 19” sub rack in the NORMARC 70xxB
cabinet. MB 1575A is a passive motherboard that provides all interconnections
between the printed circuit board in this sub rack and all interface for external
signals except from RF (Coax) cabling.

Table 1-2 shows the plug-in module connectors

Section # Module
Monitor 1 1 MO1820A
1 MF1821A
1 External Frontend 1
Monitor 2 1 MO1820A
1 MF1821A
1 External Frontend 2
Standby Monitor 1 MO1820A
1 MF1821A
Station Control 1 TCA1218C
RMS 1 RMA1822A
Transmitter 1 1 LF 1576A
1 OS 1706A/B
Transmitter 2 1 LF 1576A
1 OS 1706A/B
Power Supply 2 PS 1227

Table 1.2 MB 1575A plug-in module connectors

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Figure 1.2 MB1575 connection Diagram

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1.3. Describe Tower Equipment

1.3.1. RCA 1750 Remote Control Assembly

The RCA 1750A Remote Control Assembly is used for Cold Standby
configuration and consists of the RC 1752A Remote Control board and RF 1751A
Front Panel mounted and connected together as an assembly.

The RCA 1750B Remote Control Assembly is used for Hot Standby
configuration and consists of the RC 1752A Remote Control board and RF 1752B
Front Panel mounted and connected together.

They provide the user’s interface to the ILS Cabinet from the control tower
or technical equipment room. All interconnection is provided by the MB 1753A
Backplane can interface up to 4 RCA 1750 assemblies.

Figure 1.3 RCA 1750A and RCA1750B Front Panels

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Figure 1.4 RCA 1750 on MB 1753 (without frame)

The Remote-Control unit provides an interface from the control tower

(where normally a Slave Panel is located), or technical equipment room at the
airport to the ILS cabinet at site. The remote control provides user inputs and
selections to the ILS cabinet and displays the status of the ILS.

The Remote-Control is communicating with the ILS cabinet via a serial link
over a telephone line using an integral modem in the Remote Control, or via an
external modem. Inputs from the front panel switches such as ON/OFF,
Changeover and Access Grant and Interlock signal from an operational runway
direction selector are sent to the ILS cabinet (to Transmitter Control) and ILS
status and other information is received and displayed on LED indicators or other
out- puts.

The remote-control system typically comprises the RCA 1750 Remote

Control with MB 1753 Backplane described here, and SF 1344, SP 1394 or SP
1754 Slave Panel and IL 1379 or IL 1380 Interlock Switch module to be located in
the control tower. Other special panels/systems such as Category Status panel
(CSU) and Runway Selector Unit (RSU) module can also be connected.
Installations for two runway directions are shown on block diagram Figure 1-5
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and Figure 1-6.

In addition to providing the control signal interface between the ILS

cabinet and the Remote Control, the RCA 1750 can be configured to operate on
protocols that combines the remote-control data and the RMM data for the RMS
system over the same serial channel thus saving modem and line cost. This
protocol is only possible when the ILS cabinet is equipped with Connection
Interface CI 1748.

To permit that the RCA 1750 can be used with older types of ILS cabinet,
other protocols can be selected for interface with Connection Interface CI 1210
and Serial Interface SI 1618

Figure 1.5 Remote Control with SP1754 Slave panel

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Figure 1.6 Remote Control with SF 1344 or SP 1394

slave panel

a) ILS cabinet interface

The Remote Control can interface with the ILS cabinet either using the
internal modem by connecting the 2-wire leased/telephone line to the WEIMULL
connector, or via an external modem connected to the MODEM connector. The
AVR will route the interface to the internal or external modem depending on
protocol selected (ref Table 1-4).

The internal leased line modem conforms to V.22 (1200 bps) and V.22bis
(2400 bps) standard for use with ordinary 2-wire 600-ohm telephone line. The
transmitter level is -10 dBm, and the receivers dynamic range is from -10 dBm to
-34 dBm. External modem shall be connected to the MODEM RS232 DTE pinout
connector with parameters as shown in Table 1-4. HW hand- shake (RTS/CTS and
DTR/DCD) is supported.

The microcontroller will automatically configure the internal modem as

required by AT commands via its serial interface, while the external modem will
need to be configured manually by DIP switches and/or AT commands

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[Link]. Protocols

The following interface protocols are supported (strap: 0=open,

1=set/installed):

Protocol strap
Protocol Protocol Data Speed Modem I/F
3 2 1
No
1 0 0 0 New RC+RMM 2400, N, 8,1 Internal
2 0 0 1 New RC+RMM 9600, N, 8,1 External
3 0 1 0 New RC only 2400, N, 8,1 Internal
4 0 1 1 New RC only 9600, N, 8,1 External
5 1 0 0 SI 1618A Old RC only 1200, N, 8,1 Internal
6 1 0 1 SI 1618A Old RC only 1200, N, 8,1 External
7 1 1 0 SI 1618A Old RC only 9600, N, 8,1 External
8 1 1 1 CI 1210A Old RC only 300, O, 8,1 External

Table 1.4 Protocol Selection

"New" means that it is compatible with CI 1748A (new) Connection

Interface in the ILS cabinet end. This protocol is defined in UILS423.
"SI 1618A" means that it is compatible with SI 1618A Serial Interface in the
ILS cabinet end.

"CI 1210A" means that it is compatible with CI 1210A (old) Connection

Interface in the ILS cabinet end. This protocol is defined in UILS147.

The functionality supported by the Remote Control depends on the

protocol selection. SI 1618A and CI 1210A protocols do not provide LO BATT 1, LO
BATT 2, TX1 ON AIR and TX2 ON AIR parameters.

[Link]. RMM data

Refer Para [Link], Para 1.5.2 and table 1-19(P10-P13 & J7-J10) for
connectors and signals. The Remote Control will transfer RMM data over the
same interface line as the Remote-Control data when protocol 1 or 2 is selected
(Ref Table 1-4). RMM PC shall be connected to the RMM RS232 DCE pinout
connector with parameters 9600, N, 8, 1. HW handshake (RTS/CTS and DTR/DCD)
is supported. DCD is activated only when a connection has been established with
the ILS cabinet. The microcontroller uses hardware flow control to control the
input of RMM data. This is done by deactivating the CTS signal on the RMM port
when there are 64 bytes or less free space in the RMM data input buffer. The CTS
signal is activated again when 32 bytes or less remain in the input buffer.

RMM data transferred from the ILS cabinet to the RC are compressed

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using zlib and the RC decompresses this data before sending to the RMM serial
port.

[Link]. Power Supply

The Remote Control operates on 24 V DC nominal, range 21 - 30VDC and

other voltages are generated within the unit. There are 24V outputs available on
the connectors for Slave Panel and CAN bus fused on the backplane.
[Link]. Failure detection

As described above there are different indications for failures. COMMS will
indicate that the link with the ILS cabinet is broken. CAN ERR indicates low level
communication error on the CAN bus or missing interlock signal from the CAN
Slave Panel. CAN ERR will only be activated if CFG_CAN_ENABLE strap is inserted.
Missing interlock information from CAN Slave Panel (interlock) will only be
reported if both CFG_CAN_ENABLE and CFG_CAN_SLAVE_COMMS are inserted.
The AVR has built-in testing mechanisms that will indicate errors by a non-
operational RC and with front panel LEDs blinking at 4 Hz according to the
following table:

LED Reported
MON DIS RAM test failure failure
MAINT Flash memory failure
IDENT SPI shift register loopback failure
SERVICE Invalid service mode (SERVICE_M1/M2) configuration strap settings.

Table 1.5 LED indication for Errors

In addition to the front panel LEDs, there are 4 LEDs on the RC 1752 board
that can be used for diagnostics. The first (closest to the front panel) amber LED
blinks each time a message is sent to the ILS cabinet. The second amber LED
blinks each time a message is received from the ILS cabinet.
The function of the green and red LEDs follows the CAN open Indicator
Specification (CiA DS- 303):

LED function RUN LED (green) ERR LED (red)

Off N/A The device is in working
condition.
Blinking The device is in state “PRE- N/A
(200 ms on, 200 ms off) OPERATIONAL”.

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Single flash The device is in state At least one of the error

(200 ms on, 1000 ms off) “STOPPED”. counters of the CAN controller
has reached or exceeded the
warning level (too many error
frames).
On The device is in state The CAN controller is in bus off
(1000 ms on, 200 ms off) “OPERATIONAL”. state.

Table 1.6 Diagnostics LED Indications

[Link]. MB 1753A Motherboard

Para 1.5.3 describes interface signals available on connectors on the MB

1753. To ease the interface/wiring, similar signals belonging to 2 or 4 Remote
Controls are gathered on some connectors. The CAN ID signal related to slot
position is hard-coded by 0-ohm resistors while the “Runway” ID switch is
available on the rear side of the board

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Figure 1.8 MB 1753 Interconnection Diagram

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1.3.2. Category Status Unit CSA 1816A (Option)

Figure 1.9 CSA1816 Category Status Unit Front Panel

The Category Status unit's purpose is to display and control the status of
one runway, including the current operational ILS category. The operational
status is displayed on LEDs located on the front panel of the module.
The Category Status Unit is normally used for hot standby Cat III systems
to display the status of the Far Field Monitor and to calculate the category status
of the ILS.

The Category Status collects status from LLZ RC, GP RC, FFM and optionally
two others external equipments like a DME or an MKR in addition to status from
the opposite runway. This status is then used to calculate the ILS category for

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which the runway will operate under.

The category status shown on the front panel is sent on CAN-bus as a
separate message, intended primarily for the slave panel.
The category status panel contains an RC 1752A Remote Control and an RF
1815A front panel module to be located in a rack including LLZ and GP Remote
Controls. It has the following functions:

Display
a) CAT III - Runway operates in CAT III
b) CAT II - Runway operates in CAT II
c) CAT I - Runway operates in CAT I
d) LLZ - Runway operates with LLZ only
e) OFF - Runway is off
f) MAINT - Runway is under maintenance
g) COMM FAULT - Failure to received correct remote-control message on
CAN-bus from either of LLZ/GP RC
h) RECIPROCAL - The status of the opposite runway is not positively OFF
i) UPG AVAIL - A higher category, based on inputs to the CSU, is available, and
may be activated by pressing the UPGRADE button
j) FFM ALARM - Status from connected FFM
k) FFM WARNING - Status from connected FFM

l) FFM ALARM - Status from connected FFM

The colours of the LEDs:

a) CAT III, CAT II, CAT I, UPG AVAIL and FFM NORMAL lamps are green
b) OFF, MAINT, COMM FAULT, RECIPROCAL are red
c)All other LEDs are amber

Control

a) UPGRADE - Button to upgrade the operational status of the runway (optional,

may be internally set for automatic upgrade)
b) SILENCE - Aural alarm reset combined with lamp test, push-button switch
c)MAX INDICATION - Maximum allowed operational runway category, rotary
switch.

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Figure 1.10 Typical setup example for RC and CSA

[Link]. Connections

In addition to the connections through the CAN bus, the CSA 1816A need
signals from the reciprocal LLZ and GP:

Signal RC 1752A name RC 1752A P1 pin MB 1753A conn/pin

RECIPROCAL LLZ OPT_IN_1 76 J13 pin 14
RECIPROCAL GP OPT_IN_2 44 J13 pin 7

Table 1.7 CSA / Interlock connection pin details

Connect RECIPROCAL LLZ to TRUE_OFF_OUT_1 (P18 pin 5) and connect

RECIPROCAL GP to TRUE_OFF_OUT_2 (P18 pin 6) on the MB 1753A for the
reciprocal runway.

For reciprocal systems using RCA 1240, connect RECIPROCAL LLZ to

*ALARM (P9 pin 2) on the MB 1346A for LLZ and connect RECIPROCAL GP to
*ALARM (P9 pin 2) on the MB 1346A for GP.

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If there is no reciprocal system, or the function is not desired, insert strap

S20.

[Link]. Interfaces

a) CAN interface

These signals are for interfacing to LLZ RC, GP RC, EXT1/2 RC (optional) and
slave panel. The CAN-interface is available as two pins on the backplane
connector P1 on RC 1752A.

The Category Status Assembly CAN bus operates on 50kbps providing

sufficient range (1000m) and data capacity.
The CAN bus interface is available on the back-plane connector providing
all ILS status information from LLZ/GP/EXT1 (optional)/EXT2 (optional) remote
controls as inputs from the CAN bus; and Access Grant, ON/OFF, Changeover,
Silence, Interlock and TX_OFF as input from the slave panel connected to the CAN
bus. The CSU provides for front panel status as output on the CAN-bus, and sends
updated status messages four times/sec.
The address for the data between the category status unit and the remote
controls/slave panel is on the form [Link].

xxx is the back plane address for the remote controls and can have any
value between (and included) 000 to 111. yyyy indicates the unit (within the back
plane) that have sent this message. All the connected remote controls send data
with the same structure.
See the table below for yyyy values and assigned units.

yyyy IO value from remote back Unit to send/receive data

0000 plane None (reserved)
0001 11 (left most in the remote) LLZ RC, required
0010 10 (second left most in the GP RC, required
0011 remote)
01 (third left most in the EXT1 RC (DME/OM/MM), optional
0100 remote)
00 (firth left most in the EXT2 RC (DME/OM/MM), optional
0101 remote)
Not used CSU (CSA 1816A)
0110 Interlock status from slave

Table 1.8 CAN Address

CAN open requires each node to either send heartbeat messages or
implement a node-guarding protocol. Heartbeat messages shall be sent every
second by the CSU.

Info:.Note that the termination strap CAN_TERM on MB 1753 must be

installed in each end unit on the CAN bus
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CAN open messages containing LLZ/GP status and control are sent and
received every 250 ms. The interlock signal transferred from the slave to the
remote control is a status (typically active low level) signal and will be sent from
only one source (Slave), while the other controls messages might be received
from multiple sources (Slave Panels). Integrity of the CAN messages is ensured by
CRC.

b) Interlock

The interlock signal used on the CSA 1816A will be extracted from the LLZ
RC status message on the CAN-bus. If the interlock is not used, it can be disabled
by inserting strap S19.
c) RECIPROCAL inputs

Refer Table 1-7 & 1-9. This interface is used to read the RECIPROCAL status
inputs on OPT_IN_1 (reciprocal LLZ) and OPT_IN_2 (reciprocal GP). The signals
are active low and fail safe, meaning that a low input signals a "TRUE OFF" -
situation from the respective reciprocal inputs.
[Link]. Power Supply

The Remote Control operates on 24 V DC nominal, range 21 - 30VDC and

other voltages are generated within the unit. There are 24V outputs available on
the connectors for Slave Panel and CAN bus fused on the backplane.

[Link]. Failure detection

As described above there are different indications for failures. COMMS will
indicate that the link with the LLZ/GP remote controls is not received for more
than a specified amount of time, or that the validation of the message content
fails.
Four internal LEDs are available for status and diagnostic use on the RC
1752A:

a) Debug/diagnostics 1: D2, amber

b) Debug/diagnostics 2: D3, amber
c) CAN RUN: D4, green, indicating state of CAN-bus operation

d) CAN ERR: D5, red, indicating CAN-bus error

The AVR has built-in testing mechanisms, such as Flash and RAM test. In
addition a shift-register test is performed (sent bytes are also chained into the SPI
read sequence).
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[Link]. Connector Pin out

Conn. Description Signals Pin

96 pin DIN41612 connector, male on CSU, female on backplane
P1 conn. To CAN bus CAN_L 93
CAN_H 29
Optional inputs OPT_IN_1 (RECIPROCAL LLZ) 76
to Slave Panel(s) OPT_IN_2 (RECIPROCAL GP) 44

OPT_IN_3 (N.U.) 12
OPT_IN_4 (N.U.) 77

Optional outputs OPT_OUT_1 (N.U.) 45

from Slave Panel(s)
OPT_OUT_2 (N.U.) 13

OPT_OUT_3 (N.U.) 78

Configuration inputs from CFG_ADDR0 (LSB board position, 90

backplane position/switch for N.U.)
CAN/RWY addressing CFG_ADDR1 (MSB board 58
position, N.U.)
CFG_ADDR2 (LSB switch), N.U. 26
on CSU
CFG_ADDR3 , N.U. on CSU 91
CFG_ADDR4 (MSB switch) , N.U. 59
on CSU
Supply input V24P 2
V24P 17
V24P 31
GND 65
GND 82
GND 96
P2 to P3 10 p flat cable between RC and GND 1
Conn RF RF GND 2
to RC SDO 3
PL 4
SCK 5
SDI 6
RCK 7
SPARE (to pads on RC and RF) 8
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Conn. Description Signals Pin

Vdd 9
Vdd 10
Internal 32x2 pin row for 2 pin jumper CFG_AUTOMATIC_UPG 2
Jumper plugs. Configuration straps – all CFG_GP_BW1_OR_BW2_1 4
P20 shall be readable by the µC CFG_GP_BW1_OR_BW2_0 6
(S1 – S32) CFG_GP_BW1_AND_BW2 8
CFG_GP_DISAGR_1 10
CFG_GP_DISAGR_0 12
CFG_GP_TX_ON_1 14
CFG_GP_TX_ON_0 16
CFG_LLZ_BW1_OR_BW2_1 18
CFG_LLZ_BW1_OR_BW2_0 20
CFG_LLZ_BW1_AND_BW2 22
CFG_LLZ_DISAGR_1 24
CFG_LLZ_DISAGR_0 26
CFG_LLZ_TX_ON_1 28
CFG_LLZ_TX_ON_0 30
CFG_FFM_ALARM 32
CFG_SLAVE_BUZ_ONLY 34
CFG_21 36
CFG_22 38
CFG_23 40
CFG_BUZ_ON_UPGRADE 42
CFG_MAX_CAT_1 44
CFG_MAX_CAT_0 46
CFG_CAN_ENABLE 48
CFG_CAN_COM_ERR 50
CFG_SKIP_CAT_II 52
CFG_EXT1_ALARM_SOURCE_1 54
CFG_EXT1_ALARM_SOURCE_0 56
CFG_EXT2_ALARM_SOURCE_1 58
CFG_EXT2_ALARM_SOURCE_0 60
CFG_36 62
CFG_37 64
GND on ODD pins 1-63
P21 2x2 pin row for 2 pin jumpers
(S33,34) plugs. Buzzer_LEVEL_1 1-2
Configuration straps for buzzer
level Buzzer_LEVEL_2 3-4

P23 2x5p flat cable conn. TCK 1

internal JTAG test Connector: TDO 3
TMS 5
TDI 9
Vtref 4
GND 2, 10
NSRST (target system reset) 6
NTRST (not connected) 8
Vcc 7
P24 Test connector – 3 spare pins Alternatively add pins on P20 row
internal on AVR for test, on prototype
only
Table 1.9 Connectors and Signals
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1.3.3. SP 1754A, SP 1754B Slave Panel

The Slave Panel module purpose is to provide tower personnel with status
information from equipment such as Localizer, Glide Path, Far field monitor
(1754B only), Category Status (1754B only), DME and DVOR equipment. The Slave
Panel receives information from several RCA 1750 Remote Controls over one
CAN-bus. These Remote Controls are usually located in a technical control room.
The Slave Panel also sends data to the Remote Controls, including information
about the state of the push buttons (pressed/not pressed) and interlock input.

The Slave Panel is powered from the Remote Controls power supply, using
separate wires, or it is powered locally. A block diagram of the Slave Panel is
shown in Figure 1-12 .

The Slave Panel module consists of a front panel and a circuit board. The
module contains the following blocks:

a) Microcontroller
b) LED drivers
c) LEDs
d) Buzzer driver
e) Buzzer
f) CAN Driver
g) CAN Terminator
h) Power
i) Connectors
j) Configuration

[Link]. SP 1754 Block description

a) Microcontroller

This block consists of an AVR microcontroller. This microcontroller handles

all input and output on the Slave Panel. Input is data from the CAN bus, interlock
signal and the push buttons, output is the CAN bus, the LEDs and the buzzer. The
AVR uses a 16.000MHz clock.

b) DIP Switch

The DIP Switches (SW) generate a 4-bit digital output depending on the
setting. The value from this switch sets the Slave Panel address corresponding to
the backplane address for the Remote Controls.
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Figure 1.12 SP 1754 Block Diagram

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c) LED drivers: This block contains transistors to drive the LEDs.

d) LEDs: These are the LEDs on the front of the Slave Panel.
e) Buzzer driver: This block contains an operational amplifier to drive the speaker
f) Speaker: This is the (alarm) sound generator.
g) CAN Driver: The CAN driver is a block that consists of a CAN transceiver and a
common mode filter.
h) CAN Terminator: This block contains the terminator of the CAN bus. This
terminator shall only be connected to the bus if this is the end device on the
bus.
i) Power: This block converts the 21-28V DC input to a stable 5V.
j) Connectors:
P1 Interlock: Connector type: Molex 6410-02A or equivalent 2-pin flat cable
connector.

Pin Function
1 Interlock
2 GND

Table 1.10 Connector P1

P2 CAN connector 1: Connector type: 9pin Dsub male
Pin Signal
1
2 CAN_L
3 CAN GND
4
5 SHLD (optional)
6 GND (optional)
7 CAN_H
8 CAN GND*
9 CAN_V+ (24V fused)

Table 1.11 Connector P2

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P3 CAN connector 2: Connector type: 9pin Dsub female

# Signal
1
2 CAN_L
3 CAN GND
4
5 SHLD (optional)
6 GND (optional)
7 CAN_H
8 CAN GND*
9 CAN_V+ (24V fused)

Table 1.12 Connector P3

P4 Power In: Connector type: 4pin Weidm.

Pin Function
1 GND
3 V24P_IN

Table 1.13 Connector P4

k) Configuration: A number of dip switches are used to configure the
functionality of the Slave Panel. These are read into the microcontroller using
shift registers.

[Link]. Mechanical layout

The location of the components on the PCB for the Slave Panel is organized so
two different fronts can be used. See Figure 1-13 to Figure 1-14. The figures only
show the functionality of the layout not the final placement. The front panel has a
field where a label can be inserted to indicate the type of equipment this Slave Panel
is connected to.

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[Link]. Functionality

The Slave Panel will display status information from different equipment, all
this information is received over the CAN bus connected to the Slave Panel. The Panel
has two CAN bus connectors, this enables that more than one Slave Panels can be
connected to the same bus in a chain. The last panel on the bus must terminate the
bus. Power to the Slave Panel is sourced on the same bus using a separate cable pair
or on a separate connector on the slave

Figure 1.13 SP 1754A Front Panel

Figure 1.14 SP 1754B Front Panel

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[Link]. Addressing

A remote control sub-rack and a slave panel belonging to the same runway end
on the CAN bus must have the same address. On the remote control sub rack the
address is set by the rotary switch SW1. On the slave panel, the address is set by the
DIP switches AD0-AD2.
The address for the data between the Remote Controls and the slave panel is
on the form [Link].

xxx is the back plane address and can have any value between (and included)
000 to 111. yyyy indicates the unit (within the back plane) that have sent this
message. All the Remote Controls send data with the same message structure.

See the Table 1-14 for yyyy values and assigned units. The contents of the
messages from the Remote Control to the slave and from the slave to the Remote
Controls are listed in UILS422.

Data from the Remote Control located leftmost in the remote frame assembly
will be displayed leftmost on the Slave Panel etc. The user will have information of
the equipment connected to the Slave Panel from the label on front.

The message sent from a CSU unit is also listed in UILS422.

yyyy Position in remote Unit to send/receive data

0000 None (reserved)
0001 1 - Left most in the remote LLZ/GP/DME/DVOR/OM/MM
0010 2 - Second left most in the LLZ/GP/DME/DVOR/OM/MM
0011 remote
3 - Third left most in the remote LLZ/GP/DME/DVOR/OM/MM
0100 4 - Fourth left most in the LLZ/GP/DME/DVOR/OM/MM
0101 remote CSU
0110 Interlock status from slave
0111-1111 Future units

Table 1.14 Addresses

[Link]. Table 1.14 Addresses

Far Field Monitor status

The Slave Panel will use the information in the FFM bits in the CAN message
with yyyy = 0001 (i.e. the LLZ Remote Control must be located in position 1 when FFM
is used) to control the FFM LEDs on the front.

[Link]. Alternative control input/output

Position 3 LEDs on the Slave Panel can be controlled from the OPT_IN1-4 bits
on the Remote Control with yyyy = 0010, and position 4 can be controlled the same

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way but from the Remote Control with yyyy = 0001. For each of the two positions, a
dip switch will select the source input. Table 1-15 below shows the mapping of the
signal and the front LEDs. The ALARM LED is the inverted value of the NORMAL LED.
The SERVICE and MAINS FAIL LEDs will be a ‘or’ function between other SERVICE and
MAINS FAIL signals.

Bit in CAN message LED on front

CAN_OPT_IN1 NORMAL (inverted ALARM)
CAN_OPT_IN2 WARNING
CAN_OPT_IN3 SERVICE
CAN_OPT_IN4 MAINS FAIL

Table 1.15 Alternative Inputs POS 3 & 4

Table 1-16 shows the alternative output. The slave will send one CAN message
with the CAN_OPT_OUT1 bit set while the ON/OFF button is pressed when the
CFG_PULSE_POS dip switch is set.

If CFG_PULSE_POS is not set the slave will send one CAN_OPT_OUT1 or one
CAN_OPT_OUT2 message when the ON/OFF button is pressed. CAN_OPT_OUT1 will
be sent of Normal Lamp is active, else CAN_OPT_OUT2 will be sent.

Output Output
Bit in CAN message Input CFG_PULSE (set) CFG_PULSE (not set)
CAN_OPT_OUT1 TX ON/OFF ON/OFF ON (only if NORMAL is off)
CAN_OPT_OUT2 TX ON/OFF OFF (only if NORMAL is on)
CAN_OPT_OUT3 SILENCE SILENCE SILENCE

Table 1.16 Alternative Outputs POS 3 & 4

Pressing SILENCE will send one CAN_OPT_3 message.
After a message with CAN_OPT_OUT1-3 set is sent, then one message with the
same bit cleared is sent.
[Link]. Com Failure

The Slave Panel have 5 dip switches used indicate to the Slave Panel if a
Remote Control or CSU is present. The Remote Controls/CSU sends out a status
message on the CAN. If this message is not received within 300ms from Remote
Controls/CSU and it is configured to be present, the COM FAIL lamp will be lit. The
NORMAL/WARNING LED for corresponding equipment will be turned off and the
ALARM LED will be turned off or on depending of a configuration dip switch. When a
valid message is present again, the COM FAIL will go off. The COM FAIL will also go on

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if the COMMS bit in the received message from a Remote Control is set.
[Link]. CAT Status (SP 1754B)

The CAT status LEDs are information derived from the status of the associated
ILS equipment. This status is received from the CAN-bus. It is necessary to have a
category status unit connected to the CAN-bus to generate this information.

[Link]. Mains Fail

The Mains Failure LED is generated by the logic ‘or’ function between the
Mains Failure 1 and 2 from all the Remote Controls (including OPT_IN4 bits if
configured).
[Link]. Service

The Service LED is generated by the logic ‘or’ function between the Service
from the Remote Controls (including OPT_IN3 bits if configured).
[Link]. Runway Selected

The Runway Selected LED is the CAN_INTERLOCK_IN signal from the left most
Remote Control (yyyy = 0001).
[Link]. Interlock

In a system with more than one Slave Panel, only one Slave Panel must
transmit the interlock status message. The other slave will be configured to not to
send this message. If more than one interlock switch will be used, this must be solved
by hard wiring. The interlock status message will be sent from the Slave Panel each
250ms. The interlock signal is received on a connector on the Slave Panel.
[Link]. ON/OFF

The ON/OFF push buttons on the front can be disabled if the CFG_DIS_ONOFF
dip switch is set.
[Link]. Dim functionality

The LEDs on the Slave Panel can be set to reduced intensity be pressing the
front LAMP DIM push button. Three levels exist. When the minimum level has been
reached, the next level will be maximum.

a) JTAG

The Slave Panel has a JTAG connector used for software programming and
debugging.

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b) Audible Alarm

The Slave Panel has a speaker that generates an audio alarm. This alarm is
turned on

-if a Remote Control sets the alarm bit

-if a Remote Control clears the CAN_OPT_IN1 and the alternative inputs are
configured to be used
-if a Remote Control or the CSU stops sending messages and it is configured to
be present
-if a Warning occurs and the CFG_BUZ_ALL_W is set

-if a Mains Fail is set and the CFG_BUZ_MAINS_W is set

-if a COM FAIL is present

-if the CFG_UPGRADE is set and one of the remotes deactivate an alarm or
when one of the remotes deactivate a warning (including Mains Warning 1 or
2) or when Com Failure is deactivated

-if the CSU sets the UPGRADE bit

-if the CSU sets the DOWNGRADE bit

The alarm is turned off when the SILENCE push button on the front is pressed.
1.3.4. IL 1379 / IL 1380 Interlock switch (optional)

The interlock switch is used if the runway has two ILS's for opposite runway
directions that shall be interlocked.
The interlock switch consists of a key-operated change-over switch and is
connected to the RCA 1750 remote control or SP1754 slave panels of the affected
localizer and glide path equipment.
IL 1379 and IL 1380 are identical modules apart from mechanical dimensions.
The IL 1379 is 3 height units by 10 length units (approx. 12,8x5cm). The IL 1380 is 2
height units by 9 length units (approx. 8,4x4,5cm).

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Figure 1.15 Interlock Switch Connection

1.4. Modems
The use of modems is required when connecting to an ILS over a public or
private telephone network. The connection can be either a dial-up connection or a
leased line connection. In both cases modems are connected to the PC and to an
RS232 port on the connection interface inside the ILS cabinet. Normally one of the
REMOTE1 or REMOTE2 ports is used for this.

Figure 1.16 Modem Connection

A Westermo modem (normally TD32) is normally supplied for connection at ILS

end but any kind of Hayes compatible modems may be used.

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1.5. Perform Boards Connection/Adjustments/Configuration

1.5.1. CI board

[Link]. DC Loop (Localizer only)

The DC loops are connected to the Connection Interface board CI 1748A in the
cabinet back section. Location and pin out are illustrated in Figure 1-17
 Ch X in* are the reference voltages from the main cabinet

 Ch X out* are the return voltages from the antennas

 GND is main cabinet ground

Suitable female connectors are Weidemüller BLZ-5.08/6 or equivalent.

Figure 1.17 DC Loop Connections

[Link]. Remote Control

The remote control is connected to the Connection Interface board CI 1748A

as illustrated in Figure 1-18. The connection of the remote control, remote slave
panel and interlock switch is done at the remote-control site and covered in Para
1.5.2 - 1.5.6.

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 FSK_[P,N] is the modem line pair

 GND is main cabinet ground Or
 Line on RS-232 is dependent on the protocol setting, refer to Table 1.4

Config. (CI 1748A, RCA 1750, MB 1753 and SP 1754) and (RCA 1750 config.)

A suitable female connector is Weidemüller BLZ-5.08/4 or equivalent.

Figure 1.18 Remote Control Connections

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[Link]. PC and Modem

PC terminals and modems are connected to the standard pin out RS 232, 9 pins
DSUB connectors. The Remote 1 and Remote 2 connectors are located on the
Connection Interface board CI 1748A as illustrated in Figure 1-19. The Local connector
can either be connected to the connector on the front of the cabinet or to the CI
board by changing the straps S1-S4 on the MB 1575. Refer to para 1.5.8, S1-S4. On
the CI board, RS-232 or USB is automatically selected.
Recommended connections are:

 LOCAL - the PC located at the ILS main cabinet site

 REMOTE 1 - the PC located at the airport technical maintenance site
 REMOTE 2 - distant PC terminals connected directly or through a
modem
NOTE: REMOTE 1 is not available when a combined RC/RMM protocol is
selected for the RC connection

Figure 1.19 PC and Modem Connections

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[Link]. DME LLZ Ident synchronization

Distance Measurement Equipment DME is connected to the Connection

Interface board CI 1748A as illustrated in Figure 1-20.
 ACT_DME [P, N] is the positive and negative terminal of the DME active signal
from the DME, respectively
 IN_DME [P, N] is the positive and negative terminal of the Morse code
envelope signal or start pulse from the DME, respectively
 OUT_DME [P, N] is the positive and negative terminal of the Morse code
envelope signal or start pulse to the DME, respectively

Note! Observe polarity on all signals

A suitable female connector is Weidemüller BLZ-5.08/6 or equivalent

Figure 1.20 DME Connections

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[Link]. LLZ as Ident Master

a) LLZ as Ident Master (direct connection)

This is the preferred configuration. Also refer to [Link].3 of NM7014

Instruction Manual for keying via Remote Control Units.
When the LLZ shall be used as ident master, connect as shown in Figure 1-21 or
Figure 1-22. In the RMM program, ILS settings / Transmitter settings, DME interface
tab (Chapter 4), set LLZ as master and the DME active signal according to the DME’s
manual. The IDENT TYPE can be set to CODE or PULSE. If set to CODE, the LLZ will
send the Morse code envelope to the DME. If set to PULSE, the LLZ send a start pulse
to the DME. When the DME is active, the LLZ will send every forth ident word to the
DME. When the DME is inactive the LLZ will be keying four out of four words. If the
LLZ shall be keying three out of four words whether the DME is active or not,
disconnect the DME ACTIVE wires and program the DME active signal to OPEN.

NM701X LLZ CI1748

+27V DC
2.7K
a 1 S1
1 2 3
S2
b DME ACTIVE 2 1 2 3
S3
1 2 3
3 S4
V+ 1 2 3
S5
4 1 2 3
S6
1 2 3
c 5
S7
1 2 3
Ident to DME 6
d
S8
1 2 3
DME Connector P8

Figure 1.21 LLZ Master Connection (Recommended)

Figure 1-21 shows the recommended configuration for co-location with Fernau 2020
and Thales 415 DMEs’, refer to the DME handbook for configuration of the DME.

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b) LLZ as Ident Master (Alternative connection)

Figure 1.22 LLZ Master Connection (Alternative)

Figure 1-22 shows an alternative configuration of the keyer outputs with loop
current sourced from the outputs. This is set by S1, S2 and S3 for the DME active
signal and with S7 and S8 for the Ident signal. Refer to Figure 1-23 for circuit details.

DME ACTIVE INPUT IDENT TO DME OUTPUT

Figure 1.23 Circuit Diagram, LLZ Master

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[Link]. DME as Ident Master

In some installations, it may be necessary to use the DME as ident master.

If the DME shall be used as ident master, connect as shown in Figure 1-24. In
the RMM program, ILS settings / Transmitter settings, DME interface tab, set DME as
master and DME active signal to OPEN. The IDENT TYPE can be set to CODE or PULSE.
If set to CODE, the LLZ will receive the Morse code envelope from the DME. If set to
PULSE, the LLZ will radiate its own programmed Morse code when it receives a start
pulse from the DME. If the LLZ does not receive any ident signal for approximately 20
seconds, the LLZ will start to transmit its own programmed Morse code. When the
DME signal returns, the LLZ will start to transmit the DME code instantaneously.

ILS CI1748
DME
1 S1
1 2 3
S2
2 1 2 3
S3
1 2 3
3 S4
2.5K 1 2 3
IDENT FROM DME S5
4 1 2 3
S6
1 2 3
5
S7
1 2 3
6
S8
1 2 3
P8
Figure 1.24 DME Master Connection

Current sourcing from the DME is shown, current can be sourced from the LLZ
by moving S4, S5 and S6 to position 1-2. Refer to Figure 1-25 for details.

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Figure 1.25 Circuit Diagram, DME Master

[Link]. Analog Inputs

[Link].1. General Description

The analog inputs are connected to the Connection Interface board CI 1748A
as illustrated in Figure 1-26

The inputs are:

 ANALOG CH.1-3 - three single ended DC analog inputs. Maximum voltage:
±15V Input impedance: 10kOhms.
 TINDOOR, TOUTDOOR - temperature measurement inputs with interface
to an LM35 temperature sensor. Maximum voltage: ±15V. Input
impedance: 10kOhms
 AC LEVEL - AC level measurement input. Intended for use with a battery
eliminator (i.e. 220/9VAC) to monitor the mains voltage. Maximum
voltage: 24Vpp Input impedance: 10kOhms.
[Link].2. Analog user inputs (CH.1-CH.3) details

Connectors: ANALOG CH.1, 2 and 3 on CI 1748A. Input signal on pin 1, GND on

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pin 2 and 4. Max input voltage relative to GND is ±15 V (Zener diodes will clamp the
signal if this limit is exceeded).

Theoretically, full-scale
Figure positive
1.26 Analog is achieved
Input by applying approx. +32 V, this
Connections
would give a reading = 2047 when scale=1 and offset=0. Full-scale negative approx.:
-32 V (gives a reading of - 2048 when scale=1 and offset=0).
However, the full resolution of the A/D converter cannot be utilized in single
ended mode since the maximum input voltage relative to GND is ±15V, limiting the
readings to approx. ±1000.

Read-out value = Ax + B

Where, A is the “scale” value configured in the RMM “Analog user parameter”
setup window, B is the “offset” value configured in the RMM “Analog user
parameter” setup window, x is the 12-bit binary representation of the input voltage.

Figure 1.27 Typical Circuit Diagram

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[Link]. Digital Inputs and Outputs

Eight bidirectional digital channels (numbered 0-7) are located on the

Connection Interface board CI 1748A as illustrated in Figure 1-28
Logic levels: TTL, can be used with voltage up to 28VDC. Input impedance: 5k
ohms.

Output impedance: Open collector with 5kOhms pull-up resistor.

Digital inputs can be read and digital outputs can be set in the RMM program.

Figure 1.28 Digital Input / Output Connections

OUTPUT

IN

Figure 1.29 Equivalent Circuit Diagrams

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[Link]. Auxiliary Digital Inputs

Four dedicated digital inputs are available in Terminal block T3. The inputs are:
 Intruder
 Fire
 Air_con
 Spare
They correspond to optional LEDs on the RCA 1750 remote control and are also
available in the RMM system.

A closed or low input (input connected to ground) will give a normal indication,
an open or high input will give a warning.
Logic levels: TTL with internal 100k pull-up resistor can be used with input
voltages up to 28VDC.

Figure 1.30 Digital Inputs

Figure 1.31 Digital Input Circuit Diagram

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1.5.2. Remote Control connections

The remote control is connected to the corresponding ILS either by leased lines
using the built-in modem or by line or fiber using COTS modems connected to the
RS232 interface available. The connectors for leased line and the RS232 signals for the
COTS modems are available on the MB 1753 remote control motherboard and on the
CI 1748 connection interface in the ILS cabinet. These are shown in Table 1-17 and
Table 1-18 below. Since the MB 1753 provides interface for up to four remote
controls, there are also four pairs of connectors, one pair for each ILS cabinet (Refer
1.5.3 for pinout).
Select the same protocol on CI 1748 and RCA 1750, reference tables Table 1-1
and Table 1-4. Normally Protocol 1 is used for internal modems, and Protocol 2 is
used for external modems

CI 1748 pin Signal MB 1753 pin

P29 (1) (GND) P6, P7, P8 (1)
RC/RMM 2 Line_P (tip) and P9 2
line 4 pole 4 pole weid
weid 3 Line_N 3
(4) (ring)
(GND) (4)

Table 1.17 RC line Connection

CI pin Sign MB 1753 pin Signa

P311748 1 al
DCD_0 P10, P11, 1 l
DCD_0
RC/RMM 2 RXD_0 P12, 2 RXD_0
DTE P13
RS-232 3 TXD_0 3 TXD_0
DTE RS-232
9 pin male 4 DTR_0 9 pin male 4 DTR_0
D-sub D-sub
5 GND 5 GND
6 6
7 RTS_0 7 RTS_0
8 CTS_0 8 CTS_0
9 DCD_0 9 DCD_0

Table 1.18 RC RS-232 Connection

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Figure 1.32 Connectors for remote control interface on CI 1748

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Figure 1.33 Connectors for remote control interface on MB 1753

1.5.3. MB 1753 Connections and MB 1801 connections

MB 1753 and MB 1801 are motherboards for the Remote-Control RCA 1750
and the Cat Status unit CSA 1816. The MB 1753 has 4 slots, while MB 1801 has 2 slots.

Normally, the LLZ remote control is placed in first slot from the left and the GP
remote control in the second slot. If the Cat Status unit CSA 1816 is used, it is
normally placed in the right- most slot on MB 1753. However, if may also be used in
any slot of a MB 1801 set to the same address as the corresponding MB 1753 and
connected to the same CAN bus. Refer to para 1.5.13 for configuration and para 1.3.2
for connection of the CSA 1816.
The pin assignments shown in the table refers to use with RCA 1750A

MB MB
1801 1753
J11 J11 9-pin female D-sub, CAN_L 2
CAN1 CAN1 CAN bus connector, CAN_GND 3
Common for all four (two) RCA’s
CAN_SHLD (only on D-sub) 5
GND 6
CAN_H 7
CAN_V+ (24V fused) 9

P5 P5 5-pin male Weidm. type terminal CAN_GND 1

CAN2 CAN2 CAN Bus connector, CAN_L 2
Common for all four RCA’s:
CAN_SHLD - optional 3
CAN_H 4
CAN_V+ (24V fused) 5

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Note that this pinning is

different from “Indra
standard” pin out such as
the Power connector (P16
and P17) and LL (P6-P9)

MB MB
1801 1753
J5 J5 25p female D-sub GND 1
SLAVE1 SLAVE1 IN/Outputs to SF 1344/SP SLAVE_1_ALARM 14
1394/SP SLAVE_1_WARNING 2
1548 version, connectors for RCPSLAVE_1_NORMAL 15
1 and RCP 2 SLAVE_1_STB_ALARM 3
SLAVE_1_COMMS 16
SLAVE_1_BUZZER 4
SLAVE_1_ON_OFF 17
SLAVE_1_SILENCE 5
SLAVE_V24P (Fused) 18
GND 6
GND 11
SLAVE_2_ALARM 19
SLAVE_2_WARNING 7
SLAVE_2_NORMAL 20
SLAVE_2_STB_ALARM 8
SLAVE_2_COMMS 21
SLAVE_2_BUZZER 9
SLAVE_2_ON_OFF 22
SLAVE_2_SILENCE 10
SLAVE_V24P (Fused) 23
GND 12
INTERLOCK_IN_1 24
INTERLOCK_IN_2 25
- J6 25p female D-sub GND 1
SLAVE2 IN/Outputs to SF 1344/ SP 1394/ SLAVE_3_ALARM 14
SP 1548 version, connectors for SLAVE_3_WARNING 2
RCP 3 and RCP 4 SLAVE_3_NORMAL 15
SLAVE_3_STB_ALARM 3
SLAVE_3_COMMS 16
SLAVE_3_BUZZER 4
SLAVE_3_ON_OFF 17
SLAVE_3_SILENCE 5
SLAVE_V24P (Fused) 18
GND 6
GND 11
SLAVE_4_ALARM 19
SLAVE_4_WARNING 7
SLAVE_4_NORMAL 20
SLAVE_4_STB_ALARM 8
SLAVE_4_COMMS 21
SLAVE_4_BUZZER 9
SLAVE_4_ON_OFF 22
SLAVE_4_SILENCE 10
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SLAVE_V24P (Fused) 23
GND 12
INTERLOCK_IN_1 24
INTERLOCK_IN_2 25
P6 P6 4 pin Weidm. terminal LINE_A (TIP) 2
LL LL Leased line – 2wire for RCP 1 LINE_B (RING) 3
GND 1, 4

MB MB
1801 1753
P7 P7 4 pin Weidm. terminal LINE_A (TIP) 2
LL LL Leased line – 2wire for RCP 2 LINE_B (RING) 3
GND 1, 4
- P8 4 pin Weidm. terminal LINE_A (TIP) 2
LL Leased line – 2wire for RCP 3 LINE_B (RING) 3
GND 1, 4
- P9 4 pin Weidm. terminal LINE_A (TIP) 2
LL Leased line – 2wire for RCP 4 LINE_B (RING) 3
GND 1, 4
P10 P10 9 pin male DTE D-sub ALTLINK_1_IN_DCD 1
MODEM MODEM RS232 Connector for use with ALTLINK_1_IN_RXD 2
radio links or optional modem for ALTLINK_1_OUT_TXD 3
RCP 1 ALTLINK_1_OUT_DTR 4
SG 5
ALTLINK_1_OUT_RTS 7
ALTLINK_1_IN_CTS 8
P11 P11 9 pin male DTE D-sub RS232 ALTLINK_2_IN_DCD 1
MODEM MODEM Connector for use with radio links ALTLINK_2_IN_RXD 2
ALTLINK_2_OUT_TXD 3
or optional modem for RCP 2 ALTLINK_2_OUT_DTR 4
SG 5
ALTLINK_2_OUT_RTS 7
ALTLINK_2_IN_CTS 8
- P12 9 pin male DTE D-sub RS232 ALTLINK_3_IN_DCD 1
MODEM Connector for use with radio links ALTLINK_3_IN_RXD 2
ALTLINK_3_OUT_TXD 3
or optional modem for RCP 3 ALTLINK_3_OUT_DTR 4
SG 5
ALTLINK_3_OUT_RTS 7
ALTLINK_3_IN_CTS 8
- P13 9 pin male DTE D-sub RS232 ALTLINK_4_IN_DCD 1
MODEM Connector for use with radio ALTLINK_4_IN_RXD 2
links or optional modem for RCP ALTLINK_4_OUT_TXD 3
4 ALTLINK_4_OUT_DTR 4
SG 5
ALTLINK_4_OUT_RTS 7
ALTLINK_4_IN_CTS 8
J7 J7 9 pin female DCE D-sub RS232 RMMLINK_1_OUT_DCD 1
RMM RMM RMM Link via RC to RMM RMMLINK_1_OUT_RXD 2
PC, for RCP 1 RMMLINK_1_IN_TXD 3
RMMLINK_1_IN_DTR 4

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SG 5
RMMLINK_1_IN_RTS 7
RMMLINK_1_OUT_CTS 8

MB MB
1801 1753
J8 J8 9 pin female DCE D-sub RS232 RMMLINK_2_OUT_DCD 1
RMM RMM RMM Link via RC to RMM RMMLINK_2_OUT_RXD 2
PC, for RCP 2 RMMLINK_2_IN_TXD 3
RMMLINK_2_IN_DTR 4
SG 5
RMMLINK_2_IN_RTS 7
RMMLINK_2_OUT_CTS 8
- J9 9 pin female DCE D-sub RS232 RMMLINK_3_OUT_DCD 1
RMM RMM Link via RC to RMM RMMLINK_3_OUT_RXD 2
PC, for RCP 3 RMMLINK_3_IN_TXD 3
RMMLINK_3_IN_DTR 4
SG 5
RMMLINK_3_IN_RTS 7
RMMLINK_3_OUT_CTS 8
- J10 9 pin female DCE D-sub RS232 RMMLINK_4_OUT_DCD 1
RMM RMM Link via RC to RMM RMMLINK_4_OUT_RXD 2
PC, for RCP 4 RMMLINK_4_IN_TXD 3
RMMLINK_4_IN_DTR 4
SG 5
RMMLINK_4_IN_RTS 7
RMMLINK_4_OUT_CTS 8
P14 P14 DB15 male Auxiliary signals – GND 1
AUX1 AUX1 discrete I/O Common connector AUX_RC_1_OUT0 (evt. FFM 9
Alarm)
for RCP 1 and RCP 2. AUX_RC_1_OUT1 (evt. FFM 2
Warn)
AUX_RC_1_OUT2 (evt. 10
Ident synch)
AUX_RC_1_IN0 3
AUX_RC_1_IN1 11
AUX_RC_1_IN2 4
GND 12
AUX_RC_2_OUT0 (evt. FFM 5
Alarm)
AUX_RC_2_OUT1 (evt. FFM 13
Warn)
AUX_RC_2_OUT2 (evt. 6
Ident synch)
AUX_RC_2_IN0 14
AUX_RC_2_IN1 7
AUX_RC_2_IN2 15
GND 8

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MB MB
1801 1753
- P15 GND
DB15 male Auxiliary signals – 1
AUX2 AUX_RC_3_OUT0 (evt. FFM
discrete I/O Common connector 9
Alarm)
for RCP 3 and RCP 4 AUX_RC_3_OUT1 (evt. FFM 2
Warn)
AUX_RC_3_OUT2 (evt. 10
Ident synch)
AUX_RC_3_IN0 3
AUX_RC_3_IN1 11
AUX_RC_3_IN2 4
GND 12
AUX_RC_4_OUT0 (evt. FFM 5
Alarm)
AUX_RC_4_OUT1 (evt. FFM 13
Warn)
AUX_RC_4_OUT2 (evt. 6
Ident synch)
AUX_RC_4_IN0 14
AUX_RC_4_IN1 7
AUX_RC_4_IN2 15
GND 8
P16 P16 4p Weidm. Type conn. Power GND 1
PWR IN PWR IN Input – from 24V DC pwr or other V24P_IN 3
panel, Common for backplane
P17 P17 4p Weidm. Type conn. GND 1
PWR PWR Power Output to other panels, V24P_OUT 3
OUT OUT
P18 P18 15 pin male D-sub. CAN_INTERLOCK_OUT_1 1
INTERL INTERL Interlock Inputs (from RSU or CAN_INTERLOCK_OUT_2 2
jumped from output) and outputs CAN_INTERLOCK_OUT_3 3
(CAN signal from Slave) (MB 1753 only)
CAN_INTERLOCK_OUT_4 4
(MB 1753 only)
TRUE_OFF (1-4) (output to RSU) is TRUE_OFF_OUT_1 5
same as on P19 TXOFF below TRUE_OFF_OUT_2 6
TRUE_OFF_OUT_3 7
(MB 1753 only)
TRUE_OFF_OUT_4 8
(MB 1753 only)
INTERLOCK_IN (1-4 (2)) are the INTERLOCK_IN_1 9
same signals as on P25-P28 (P23- INTERLOCK_IN_2 10
INTERLOCK_IN_3 11
P24) (MB 1753 only)

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INTERLOCK_IN_4 12
(MB 1753 only)
GND 13
GND 14
GND 15
- P19 4x2 pin row for 2 pin jumper TRUE_OFF_OUT_1 1
TXOFF plugs. For use with GP: TX_OFF_IN_2 2

- - TX_OFF Input on GP can be inter- TRUE_OFF_OUT_2 3

connected to associated TX_OFF_IN_3 4
- - TRUE_OFF output from TRUE_OFF_OUT_3 5
LLZ (Ex. interconnect 1-2) TX_OFF_IN_4 6
- - TRUE_OFF_OUT_4 7
TX_OFF_IN_1 8
P19 - 4x2 pin row for 2 pin jumper TRUE_OFF_OUT_1 1
TXOFF plugs. For use with GP: TX_OFF_IN_2 2
and - TX_OFF Input on GP can be TRUE_OFF_OUT_2 3
ADDR interconnected to associated TX_OFF_IN_1 4
TRUE_OFF output from LLZ
(Ex. interconnect 1-2)
- N.C 5
N.C 6
- Strap out: Corresponds to left GND 7
part of 1753
Strap in: Corresponds to right CFG_ADDR_1 8
part of 1753

J12 J12 DB15 female Optional I/O signals GND 1

OPT1 OPT1 – discrete I/O Common connector OPT_RC_1_OUT1 9
OPT_RC_1_OUT2 2
for RCP 1 and RCP 2. OPT_RC_1_OUT3 10
OPT_RC_1_IN1 3
OPT_RC_1_IN2 11
OPT_RC_1_IN3 4
OPT_RC_1_IN4 12
OPT_RC_2_OUT1 5
OPT_RC_2_OUT2 13
OPT_RC_2_OUT3 6
OPT_RC_2_IN1 14
OPT_RC_2_IN2 7
OPT_RC_2_IN3 15
OPT_RC_2_IN4 8
- J13 DB15 female Optional I/O signals GND 1
OPT2 – discrete I/O Common connector OPT_RC_3_OUT1 9
OPT_RC_3_OUT2 2
for RCP 3 and RCP 4. OPT_RC_3_OUT3 10
OPT_RC_3_IN1 3
OPT_RC_3_IN2 11
OPT_RC_3_IN3 4
OPT_RC_3_IN4 12
OPT_RC_4_OUT1 5
OPT_RC_4_OUT2 13
OPT_RC_4_OUT3 6

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OPT_RC_4_IN1 14
OPT_RC_4_IN2 7
OPT_RC_4_IN3 15
OPT_RC_4_IN4 8

MB MB
1801 1753
P22 P22 2 pin row for 2 pin jumper plugs. 1-2
(S35) (S35) Configuration strap for CAN
termination resistor CAN_TERM (on backplane)
P23 P25 2 pin Molex INTERLOCK_IN_1 1
Interlock input 1 GND 2
P24 P26 2 pin Molex INTERLOCK_IN_2 1
Interlock input 2 GND 2
- P27 2 pin Molex INTERLOCK_IN_3 1
Interlock input 3 GND 2
- P28 2 pin Molex INTERLOCK_IN_4 1
Interlock input 4 GND 2

Table 1.19 Pin Assignment of MB1753/MB1801 to use with RCA1750

[Link]. Connecting Markers or DME to OPT inputs

The OPT1 (J12) connector on MB 1753/MB1801 can be used as inputs and

outputs for the slave panel SP 1754. This allows status and on/off signals from marker
beacons and DME to be connected to the Remote control sub-rack and transferred to
the SP 1754 slave panel. Signals on the OPT_RC_1_INx/OUTx will be sent to position 4
on the slave panel, while signals on the OPT_RC_2_INx/OUTx will be sent to position 3
on the slave panel. General configuration information is given in para 1.5.12.
[Link]. Automatic shutdown of GP

If required, the GP can be configured to shut down automatically when the LLZ
is off. Connect a link on MB 1753A - P19. Refer to Table 1-19.

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Figure 1.34 Jumpers on MB 1753 for automatic shutdown of GP

1.5.4. Remote slave connection

The RCA 1750 Remote Control with MB 1753 Backplane can interface SF 1344
and SP 1394 type slave panels via discrete lines, or the SP 1754 type slave panel via
CAN bus.
[Link]. Slaves connected via CAN bus

SP 1754 Slave Panel contains indicators and controls for all the four remote
controls that can be connected to the MB 1753 and is interconnected via the
common CAN bus interface available on the 9-pin female D-sub connector J11 or
alternatively the 5-pin male Weidemüller type terminal P5 (Refer Table 1-19 for
pinout).
A remote-control sub-rack and a slave panel belonging to the same runway
end on the CAN bus must have the same address. On the remote-control sub-rack,
the address is set by the rotary switch SW1. On the slave panel, the address is set by
the DIP switches AD0 - AD2. Refer to Table 1-30. The valid address range is 0-7. If
more than one remote control shelf is connected to the same bus, each shelf must
have a different address. Often, the most practical solution is to use separate buses
for each runway end. The smaller MB 1801 remote control motherboard has an
additional strap P19. When it is open, the motherboard address corresponds to the
two left-most slots in the MB 1753, and when the strap is inserted it corresponds to
the two right-most slots.

MB 1753/MB 1801 Pin Signal SP1754 Pin

J11 2 CAN_L P2 2
9-pin female D-sub 3 CAN_GND 9-pin male D-sub 3
5 CAN_SHLD 5

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6 GND 6
7 CAN_H 7
9 CAN_V+ (24V fused) 9

Table 1.20 CAN Bus connections

Up to 10 slave panels can be connected to the same remote-control shelf;

however only one slave can control interlock, refer to para 1.5.12.
The CAN bus shall have a linear topology with the units connected along the
cable. Both ends shall be terminated by a 120-ohm resistor. Twisted pair cable shall
be used. According to the CAN specification, the cable shall have a characteristic
impedance of 120Ω; however, in practice normal Cat5 network cable is widely used.
The maximum bus length is 500m and drop cables to units shall be less than 2m, refer
to Figure 1-35. If more than one slave is used, the connection can either be daisy-
chain style with CAN out on one panel connected to CAN in on the next, or drop
cables can be connected to CAN in on each slave

Note that the remote-control sub-rack does not need to be at one end of the
bus; in some configurations it may be more practical to put the sub-rack in the middle
and use the two ends to reach different slave locations.
All units have built in termination resistors. On the MB 1753/MB 1801
motherboard in the remote-control sub-rack, the termination resistor is connected by
strap P22. On SP 1754, the termination resistor is connected by strap S6, just below
the "CAN OUT" connector. The straps are normally inserted and must be removed on
units that are not at the ends of the bus.

Power to the slaves is normally supplied from the remote-control sub-rack by

connecting the GND, CAN_GND and CAN_V+ lines to the remote-control sub-rack.
However, if the distance is more than 200m for s single slave panel, a separate power
supply shall be used at the slave panel position. If more than one slave panel is used
on one CAN bus, the approximate maximum length without a local power supply is
given by the formula:

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[Link]. Slaves connected via discrete lines

SF1344/1394 slave panels for the two left most remote-control panels are
connected to J5 on MB 1753 while the two right most are connected to J6.

1.5.5. SP 1754 Slave Panel

SP 1754 Slave Panel contains indicators and controls for all the four remote
controls that can be connected to the MB1753 and is interconnected via the common
CAN bus interface available on the 9-pin female D-sub connector J11 or alternatively
the 5-pin male Weidm. type terminal P5 (Refer table 1-22 for pinout).

MB Pin Signal SP1754 Pin

J11 1753 2 CAN_L P2 2
9-pin female D-sub 3 CAN_GND 9-pin male D-sub 3
5 CAN_SHLD 5
6 GND 6
7 CAN_H 7
9 CAN_V+ (24V fused) 9

Table 1.21 CAN Bus connections using J11 of MB1753

MB Pin Signal SP1754 Pin

P5 1753 2 CAN_L P2 2
5-pin male Weidm 1 CAN_GND 9-pin male D-sub 3
3 CAN_SHLD 5
4 CAN_H 7
5 CAN_V+ (24V fused) 9

Table 1.22 CAN bus connection using P5 of MB1753

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Figure 1.37 Slave connector P5 of MB 1753

1.5.6. Interlock switch connection

The interlock switch is either connected directly to the P18 on the MB 1753
remote control motherboard or via the SP 1344 or 1394 Slave panel via discrete
wires, or via the SP 1754 Slave Panel via the CAN bus.
If interlock is used for two reciprocal runways, the interlock switch can be
connected either to the remote controls in the technical control room or to the slave
panels in the tower.

Alternative configurations:

a) No interlock:
Jumpers shall be placed on the two pin Molex connectors MB 1753 - P25,
P26, P27 and P28 or MB 1801 - P23 and P24

b) Interlock in the technical control room:

Interlock switch connected to MB 1753 - P25 and P26 or MB 1801 - P23 and
P24.

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c) Interlock switch in the tower, SP 1754:

On MB 1753 or MB 1801, P18 the following pins shall be connected: Pin 1 to
pin 9 and pin 2 to pin 10 by using the supplied D-SUB female connector.
The interlock switch shall be connected to SP 1754 - P1

d) Interlock switch in the tower, SF 1344, SP 1394, SP 1548:

Connect the interlock switch to P2 on each slave panel.

1.5.7. Remote Control Auxiliary Channels

The Remote-Control system has 3 uncommitted digital signals in each

direction. These can be used to transmit additional status and control signals
between the remote control and equipment rack. Please note that if the signals are
connected to external equipment such as other navaids or intrusion alarms, relays or
optocouplers shall be used to provide a galvanic barrier. For a number of purposes,
the NORMARC SK 1470 kit is suitable. The signals are available on MB 1575, P15 in the
ILS rack, and on MB 1753, P14 and P15 in the remote control.

Also refer to para 1.5.3, P14 and P15.

a) Connections from the ILS rack to the Remote Control:

Output in Remote Control, MB 1753, P14

Input in ILS rack, MB 1575, P15 or P15/MB 1801, P14
Pin no. Signal name Pin no. Signal name
1 AUX_RI_IN0 9 (5) AUX_RC_OUT0
2 AUX_RI_IN1 2 (13) AUX_RC_OUT1
3 AUX_RI_IN2 10 (6) AUX_RC_OUT2
10 GND 8,12 GND

Table 1.23 RC Auxiliary Channels, Connection from ILS rack to RC

b) Connections from the Remote Control to the ILS rack:

Input in Remote Control, MB 1753, P14

or P15/MB 1801, P14 Output in ILS rack, MB 1575, P15
Pin no. Signal name Pin no. Signal name
3 (14) AUX_RC_IN0 5 AUX_RI_OUT0
11 (7) AUX_RC_IN1 6 AUX_RI_OUT1
4 (15) AUX_RC_IN2 7 AUX_RI_OUT2
8, 12 GND 10 GND

Table 1.24 RC Auxiliary Channels, Connection from RC to ILS Rack

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P15 P14

Figure 1.38 RC Aux channel connectors P14 & P15 on MB 1753

Figure 1.39 RC Aux channel connectors P15 on MB 1753

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[Link]. Signal interfaces:

All inputs are TTL level with pull-up to 5VDC. Outputs are TTL buffers with a
drive capability of 20mA maximum. Care must be taken to avoid overloading the
outputs. This may occur if the outputs are connected directly to external equipment
without a galvanic barrier.
NOTE: Refer to para 1.5.8 for additional information.

Typical AUX_RC Input Typical AUX_RC Output

Figure 1.40 Typical Circuit Diagram Remote Control End

Typical AUX_RI Input Typical AUX_RI Output

Buffer in FPGA
TTL Signal Level MAX Current 20mA
TTL Signal Level

Figure 1.41 Typical Circuit diagram ILS Rack End

1.5.8. MB 1575A Configuration

The motherboard MB 1575A has a number of configuration straps. In LLZ

cabinets, they can be used to connect various logical signals to the Remote Control
Auxiliary channels:

Strap Strap/Signal Comment Notes

S1 name
RXD 1-2 RXD to Local Port on CI Board Note 3
S1 RXD 2-3 RXD to Local Port on ILS Front Note 3
S2 RTS 1-2 RTS to Local Port on CI Board Note 3
S2 RTS 2-3 RTS to Local Port on ILS Front Note 3

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Strap Strap/Signal Comment Notes

S3 name
TXD 1-2 TXD to Local Port on CI Board Note 3
S3 TXD 2-3 TXD to Local Port on ILS Front Note 3
S4 CTS 1-2 CTS to Local Port on CI Board Note 3
S4 CTS 2-3 CTS to Local Port on ILS Front Note 3
S5 VOICE_ACT_1 ON No configuration
S6 VOICE_ACT_2 ON No configuration
S7 FFM_ALM_1 ON FFM Alarm from Mon 1 connected to AUX_RI_IN0 Note 1
S7 FFM_ALM_1 OFF AUX_RI_IN0 available for other use
S8 FFM_ALM_2 ON FFM Alarm from Mon 2 connected to AUX_RI_IN0 Note 1
S8 FFM_ALM_2 OFF AUX_RI_IN0 available for other use
S9 FFM_WARN_1 ON FFM Warning from Mon 1 connected to AUX_RI_IN1 Note 1

S9 FFM_WARN_1 OFF AUX_RI_IN1 available for other use

S10 FFM_WARN_2 ON FFM Warning from Mon 2 connected to AUX_RI_IN1 Note 1

S10 FFM_WARN_2 OFF AUX_RI_IN1 available for other use

S11 DME_IDENT_OUT ON DME ident out connected to AUX_RI_IN2 Note 2
S11 DME_IDENT_OUT OFF AUX_RI_IN2 available for other use
S12 REMOTE DATA 1-2 Default position Note 3
S12 REMOTE DATA 2-3 Future use Note 3
S13 DME ACTIVE 1-2 Default position Note 3
S13 DME ACTIVE 2-3 Future use Note 3

Note 1: The straps S7, S8, S9 and S10 are used to connect the alarm and warning
outputs of the optional Far Field Monitor controller to the Remote Control Auxiliary
channels.

Note 2: Strap S11 can be used to transmit DME ident synchronization via the Remote
Control Auxiliary channels. The DME interface must be set to LLZ as master and Ident
type to PULSE if this function is used.

Note 3: “1-2” means strap connected between Pin1 and centre pin, “2-3” means strap
connected between centre pin and Pin 3. S1 to S4 must be in the same position.

Table 1.25 MB1575 Configuration

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1.5.9. Connection Interface CI1748 Configuration

A strap field on this module controls use of the internal modem or an external
modem, and the protocol used for the link.
The strap field contains 8 configuration jumpers. The settings of these jumpers
are read into the micro controller using a shift register.

Strap. Default
no Name setting Function
S401 CFG_PROTOCOL_1 Open Protocol No. LSB (Ref Table 1-4)
S402 CFG_PROTOCOL_2 Open Protocol No. (Ref Table 1-4)
S403 CFG_PROTOCOL_3 Open Protocol No. MSB (Ref Table 1-4)
S404 CFG_30S_DELAY Open Select delay for missing messages
from RC. Insert strap to set 30s
delay instead of default 2s

S405 CFG_MAP_BATT_LOW_TO_RC_A Open If this strap is set, and one of

UX protocols 5-8 is selected, the
status for the batteries will be
mapped to the AUX signals sent to
the remote control (AUX 0=Batt 1
status and AUX 1=Batt 2 status)
S406 N.A. Open Not used
S407 N.A. Open Not used
S408 (Boot loader) Open Only for firmware upgrade. Leave
open for normal operation

Table 1.26 CI1748 configuration Options

Protocol 1 is the default for use with RCA 1750A/B.

Note: The same protocol must be set on the CI 1748 and the RCA 1750.

The following interface protocols are supported (strap: 0=open,

1=set/installed):

Protocol strap
No Protocol Data Speed Modem I/F
S403 S402 S401
1 0 0 0 UILS 423 RC+RMM 2400, N, 8,1 Internal
V.22 Bis
2 0 0 1 UILS 423 RC+RMM 9600, N, 8,1 External

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Protocol strap
No Protocol Data Speed Modem I/F
S403 S402 S401
3 0 1 0 UILS 423 RC only 1200, N, 8,1 Internal
V.22
4 0 1 1 UILS 423 RC only 9600, N, 8,1 External
5 1 0 0 SI 1614 / Old RC only 1200, N, 8,1 Internal
1618A
6 1 0 1 SI 1614/ Old RC only 1200, N, 8,1 External
1618A
7 1 1 0 SI 1614/ Old RC only 9600, N, 8,1 External
1618A
8 1 1 1 UILS147 Old RC only 300, O, 8,1 External

Table 1.27 CI1748 Protocol Selection

“UILS423” means that it is compatible with RCA1750 (new) Remote Control.

“SI 1618A/1614A” means that it is compatible with SI 1614A Serial Interface in

the Remote control end.
“UILS147” means that it is compatible with RCA 1240 (old) Remote Control
The functionality supported by the Remote Control depends on the protocol
selection.

The “SI 1614/1618A” and “UILS147” protocols do not provide LO BATT 1, LO

BATT 2, TX1 ON AIR and TX2 ON AIR parameters.
1.5.10. Remote Control Assembly RCA 1750A/B configuration

A number of features can be controlled by a strap field on the RC board.

Note: The same protocol must be set on the RCA 1750 and the CI 1748.

Strap Default
no. Name setting Function

S1 PROTOCOL_1 Open Protocol No. LSB

S2 PROTOCOL_2 Open Protocol No.
S3 PROTOCOL_3 Open Protocol No. MSB

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Strap Default
no. Name setting Function

S4 RST_RC_BUZ_ONLY Open When set the Remote-Control silence

switch will silence the internal buzzer only.
When this strap is not set, the Remote
Control silence switch will reset both the
internal and external aural alarm.
S5 RST_SLAVE_BUZ_ONLY Open When set the external SLAVE_SILENCE
input will only reset the external (Slave)
aural alarm. When this strap is not set, the
external SLAVE_SILENCE will reset both the
internal and external aural alarm, while the
CAN_SILENCE will reset the internal aural
alarm but not the external alarm.
S6 BUZ_STB_AL 1750A: When set an Aural Alarm will be given
Open when Standby Alarm is active
1750B:
Set
S7 BUZ_WA_IDENT Set When set an Aural Alarm will be given
when Ident warning is active

S8 BUZ_WA_MAINS Set When set an Aural Alarm will be given

when Mains warning is active
S9 BUZ_STB_ON_AIR Set When set an Aural Alarm will be given
when Standby on air warning is active
S10 BUZ_WA_MON_DIS Set When set an Aural Alarm will be given
when Monitor disagree warning is active
S11 BUZ_WA_MAINT Open When set an Aural Alarm will be given
when Maintenance warning is active
S12 BUZ_BATT Set When set an Aural Alarm will be given
when Battery warning is active
S13 BUZ_INTRUDER Open When set an Aural Alarm will be given
when Intrusion alarm is active
S14 BUZ_AIR_CON Open When set an Aural Alarm will be given
when Air Conditioning failure is active
S15 BUZ_FIRE Open When set an Aural Alarm will be given
when Fire alarm is active
S16 BUZ_INTEGRITY Set When set an Aural Alarm will be given
when Integrity warning is active

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Strap Default
no. Name setting Function

S17 BUZ_SERVICE Set When set the Aural Alarm will be disabled
when SERVICE mode is active. Entering or
leaving SERVICE will however always cause
Aural Alarm.
S18 BUZ_UPGRADE Open When this strap is set, Aural Alarm will be
given by any change of ALARM, COMMS,
SERVICE and Warnings configured to give
Aural Alarm (CAP670 mode).
When this strap is not set, Aural Alarm will
be given only when ALARM, COMMS,
SERVICE and Warnings configured to give
Aural Alarm, are turned ON (activated).
S19 BUZ_IN_OFF Open When this strap is not set and the
equipment is in ALARM state and not in
SERVICE with BUZ_SERVICE set, the Aural
Alarm will only be re-triggered (see
BUZ_UPGRADE) by MAINS 1 or 2 and
COMMS.
S20 SLAVE_OUTPUT_INVERT Open If this strap is open, the discrete Slave
outputs (ALARM, WARNING, NORMAL,
STB_ALARM,
COMMS and BUZZER) will be pulled low
when the corresponding signal is active. If
the strap is set, these outputs will be high
when the signals are active.
S21 IL_BLNK_LED Open This strap controls the action of the front
panel Indicator LEDs and slave outputs
when the Interlock state is not active (i.e.
RWY not selected):
If this strap is not set, the status Indicator
LEDs/ signals show the LLZ/GP status
If this strap is set, the Indicator
LEDs/signals except COMMS, LO_BATT_1,
LO_BATT_2, MAINS_1, MAINS_2, SERVICE
indicator LEDs and AUX_RC signals, will be
inactive, and a radiating ILS (Normal status
signal from the LLZ/GP that should be off)
will be indicated by NORMAL LED blinking
at 2 Hz.

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Strap Default
no. Name setting Function

S22 SERVICE_M1 Open Selects between 3 display modes in

SERVICE (i.e. Maintenance).
M2/M1 (1=set, 0=open):
00 SERVICE LED lit and all other indicator
LEDs inactive
01 SERVICE and ALARM LED lit and all
other Indicator LEDs inactive
10 SERVICE LED lit and other Indicator LEDs
functioning as in normal operation
11Undefined mode, this will be displayed
S23 SERVICE_M2 Open by SERVICE LED blinking at 4 Hz

S24 CAN_ENABLE Set Slave Panel CAN bus interface and

associated functions are enabled when this
strap is set.
S25 CAN_COM_ERR Open If messages are not received on CAN-bus
(CAN com-fail) and this strap is set, the
CAN_INTERLOCK_OUT output and
CAN_ACCESS_GRANT signal will go inactive
after 30 seconds. If strap is not set, the
CAN_INTERLOCK_OUT output and
CAN_ACCESS_GRANT signal will keep
status according to the last valid CAN-bus
message.

S26 COM_ERR_DLY Open Sets holding time (delay) at

communication failure with ILS to 2 sec.
(open) and 30 sec. (set).

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Strap Default
no. Name setting Function

S27 TRUE_OFF Open If strap is not set the TRUE_OFF output will
be set active (low) only when the ILS
equipment is OFF/ALARM and there is no
COMMS failure. This mode is the correct
TRUE_OFF. This is to avoid that the GP is
turned off immediately if the LLZ Comms
fail, and should be used when the LLZ and
GP cabinet is configured to not turn off on
Comms failure
If strap is set the TRUE_OFF
output will be set active (low) when the ILS
equipment is OFF/ALARM and there is no
COMMS failure; or a COMMS failure has
been active for 30 seconds. This should be
used when the LLZ and GP cabinet is set to
turn off after a delay of 30 seconds on
Comms failure.

S28 SW_ENABLE Open This strap is for future use intended for
enabling downloading of
configuration/set-up parameters via serial
port (RS-232 modem port or RMM port).
S29 HOT_STB_ENABLE 1750A: Hot standby (set) or Cold standby (open)
Open
1750B:
S30 FFM_ENABLE Set
Open FFM Alarm, Normal and Warning
parameters on CAN bus are enabled when
strap is set. These are derived from AUX
signals from the ILS equipment as follows:
FFM Alarm active when RCP_TO_RC0 is 1,
FFM Warning active when RCP_TO_RC1 is
1, FFM Normal active when RCP_TO_RC0 is
0

S31 CAN_SLAVE_COMMS Open If messages are not received on CAN-bus

(CAN com-fail) and this strap is set, the
CAN_SLAVE_COMMS signal will be active.
This strap setting is only applicable where
Interlock is to be received via CAN bus.
S32 SPARE Open Function not defined

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Strap Default
no. Name setting Function

S33 Buzzer_LEVEL_1 Open Sets the internal Aural Alarm Buzzer level
where one position (both open) is no
S34 Buzzer_LEVEL_2 Set sound.

Table 1.28 Configuration setting for RCA1750

1.5.11. Motherboard MB 1753A Configuration

[Link]. CAN bus address

The motherboard address must be set by the rotary switch on the back of the
motherboard. This address must be the same as on the corresponding slave panel if
SP 1754 is used. The default setting is 0. If more than one motherboard is connected
to the same CAN bus, the address settings must be different.
[Link]. CAN bus termination

When the strap marked P22 is installed (default), a termination resistor is

connected onto the CAN bus. This shall be used in each endpoint unit on the CAN bus.
1.5.12. Slave Panel SP 1754A/B configuration

A number of options can be set on DIP switches, see the table below.
Note: The CAN address must be set to the same value as on the corresponding
Motherboard MB 1753.

WARNING: If more than one slave panel use the same address (displays the
same runway), only one can have Interlock input (SW 8-5 = on).

Switch Item On Off Default

SW9-8 AD0 The settings of these switches determine the module Off
SW9-7 AD1 address for this unit. See table below. Off
SW9-6 AD2 Off
SW9-4 ALARM OFF A CAN com failure will A CAN com failure will On
turn off the NORMAL, turn off the NORMAL,
WARNING and ALARM WARNING and on the
LEDs. ALARM LEDs.
SW8-8 BUZ MAINS A new mains failure will A new mains failure will On
activate the buzzer. not activate the buzzer.

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Switch Item On Off Default

SW8-7 BUZ ALL A new general warning will A new general warning On
activate the buzzer. will not activate the
buzzer.
SW8-6 BUZ UPG When a general warning When a general warning On
goes inactive or an upgrade goes inactive or an
message is received from upgrade message is
the CSU, the buzzer will be received from the CSU, the
activated. buzzer will not be
activated.
SW8-5 INT MSG The slave panel will The slave panel will not On
send a message with send a message with the
the interlock input interlock input status.
status each 250ms.
SW8-4 POS3 2 OPT Position 3 on the slave Position 3 on the slave Off
panel will be controlled by panel will be controlled
the OPT inputs of the equipment in position 3 in
equipment in position 2 in the corresponding
the corresponding remote- remote-control shelf.
control shelf. (POS 2 PRST
must be on.)

SW8-3 POS4 1 OPT Position 4 on the slave Position 4 on the slave Off
panel will be controlled by panel will be controlled
the OPT inputs of the equipment in position 4 in
equipment in position 1 in the corresponding
the corresponding remote- remote-control shelf.
control shelf. (POS1 PRST
must be on.)
SW8-2 PULSE POS3 This is only applicable if This is only applicable if Off
POS3 2 OPT is on. When POS3 2 OPT is on. When
the on/off buttons is the on/off button is
pressed, a pulse will set for pressed, a pulse will set
1 sec on OPT 1 output. for 1 sec on OPT 2 output
if OPT 1 input is set. If not
the pulse will be on the
OPT 1 output.

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Switch Item On Off Default

SW8-1 PULSE POS4 This is only applicable if This is only applicable if Off
POS4 1 OPT is on. When the POS4 1 OPT is on. When
on/off buttons are pressed, the on/off button is
a pulse will set for 1 sec on pressed, a pulse will set for
OPT 1 output. 1 sec on OPT 2 outputs if
OPT 1 input is set. If not,
the pulse will be on the
OPT 1 output.
SW7-8 ALARM DIM ALARM LEDs will be ALARM LEDs will always On
dimmed when the LAMP have highest brightness
DIM button is pressed. when on.
SW7-7 DIS ONOFF All on/off buttons are All on/off buttons are Off
disabled. enabled.

SW7-6 POS1 PRST The slave panel expects to The slave panel does not On
receive messages from expect to receive messages
equipment in position 1 from equipment in position
(left) in the corresponding 1 (left) in the
remote shelf. If not, a com corresponding remote
failure will be generated. shelf. If received, these will
not be handled.

SW7-5 POS2 PRST See above. See above. On

SW7-4 POS3 PRST See above. See above. On

SW7-3 POS4 PRST See above. See above. On

SW7-2 CSU PRST The slave panel expects to The slave panel does not Off
receive messages from a expects to receive
CSU. If not, a com failure messages from a CSU. If
will be generated. received, these will not be
handled.

Table 1.29 SP1754 DIP Switches Options

P5: Plug for Programming (JTAG). Not used in the field.

Configurtion setting for assigning module address is given below.

Module address AD2 SW9-6 AD1 SW9-7 AD0 SW9-8

0 Off Off Off
1 Off Off On
2 Off On Off

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Module address AD2 SW9-6 AD1 SW9-7 AD0 SW9-8

3 Off On On
4 On Off Off
5 On Off On
6 On On Off
7 On On On

Table 1.30 SP1754 Module Address

Strap Item ON OFF Default

S1 Not Used Not Used Not Used Off
S2 Not Used Not Used Not Used Off
S3 Not Used Not Used Not Used Off
S4 Not Used Not Used Not Used Off
S5 Not Used Not Used Not Used Off
S6 Termination 120-ohm Termination No CAN Bus On
of CAN Bus Inserted Termination

Table 1.31 SP1754 Straps

Strap S34 in S34 Out
S33 IN 1,5 dB Higher Sound Default Sound

S33 OUT 13 dB Lower Sound No Sound

Table 1.32 SP1754 Buzzer Attention

1.5.13. Category Status Unit CSA 1816A configuration

The following configuration straps located on the RC 1752 board are used to
change/set various configuration alternatives available. "0" means strap out, "1"
means strap in. Default settings are shown in bold.

Strap
no. Name Function
S32 CFG_37 N.U.
S31 CFG_36 N.U.
S30 CFG_EXT2_ALARM_SOURCE_ If enabled and alarm active; CAT status will be
0 set to off.
S29 S30
0 0 – Ext 2 disabled
0 1 – EXT2 alarm from RC w/unit ID=4,
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Strap
no. Name Function
S29 CFG_EXT2_ALARM_SOURCE_ CAN_TRUE_OFF
1 1 0 – EXT2 alarm from OPT_RC_1_IN1, “1”
=active
1 1 – EXT2 alarm from OPT_RC_1_IN1, “0”
=active
S28 CFG_EXT1_ALARM_SOURCE_ If enabled and alarm active; CAT status will be
0 set to off.
S27 CFG_EXT1_ALARM_SOURCE_ S27 S28
1 0 0 – Ext 1 disabled
0 1 – EXT1 alarm from RC w/unit ID=3,
CAN_TRUE_OFF
1 0 – EXT1 alarm from OPT_RC_2_IN1,
“1”=active
1 1 – EXT1 alarm from OPT_RC_2_IN1,
“0”=active
S26 CFG_SKIP_CAT_II 0 – CAT II allowed
1 – Skip CAT II. CAT II shall give CAT I
S25 CFG_CAN_COM_ERR 1 – Enable handling of CAN comm errors (shall
always be enabled)
S24 CFG_CAN_ENABLE 1 – Enable CAN-bus (shall always be enabled)

S23 CFG_MAX_CAT_0 S22 S23

S22 CFG_MAX_CAT_1 0 0 – Max Category: Maintenance
0 1 – Max Category: CAT I
1 0 – Max Category: CAT II
1 1 – Max Category: CAT III
S21 CFG_BUZ_ON_UPGRADE 0 – Do not activate buzzer on upgrade
1 – Activate buzzer on upgrade
S20 CFG_23 N.U,
S19 CFG_22 N.U,
S18 CFG_HIDE_FFM_IF_DESELECTED 0 – Always show FFM status
1 – Hide FFM status if deselected
S17 CFG_SLAVE_SILENCE_DISABLE 0 – Slave silence button stops CSU buzzer
1 – Slave silence button does not stop CSU buzzer
S16 CFG_FFM_ALARM 0 – LLZ FFM Alarm gives max. CAT I
1 – LLZ FFM Alarm gives max. CAT II

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Strap
no. Name Function
S15 CFG_LLZ_TX_ON_0 S14 S15
0 0 – No stb. TX available for LLZ gives max.
CAT I
0 1 – No stb. TX available for LLZ gives max.
CAT I
1 0 – No stb. TX available for LLZ gives max.
CAT II
S14 CFG_LLZ_TX_ON_1
1 1 – No stb. TX available for LLZ gives max.
CAT III
S13 CFG_LLZ_DISAGR_0 S12 S13
S12 CFG_LLZ_DISAGR_1 0 0 – LLZ monitor disagree gives max. CAT I
0 1 – LLZ monitor disagree gives max. CAT I
1 0 – LLZ monitor disagree gives max. CAT II
1 1 – LLZ monitor disagree for LLZ gives max.
CAT III

Table 1.33 CS1816 Configuration

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1.6. Restore the Boards

1.6.1. Describe faultfinding best practices down to LRM level

a) Run a Current Diagnostic from the RMM program

b) If the PS board is reported to be faulty, replace it
c) If the RMA board is reported to be faulty, replace it
1.6.2. Perform replacement procedure for the CI 1748 board

a) Power down system and disconnect the battery

b) Disconnect all the cables connected to the CI board, note down where the
different cables are connected
c) Remove the 9/8 screws holding the CI board and remove the old unit
d) Before mounting the new unit, remove the metal cover of the old and new
unit and configure the new unit the same way as the old one. Put the cover
of the new unit back on before mounting it.
e) Mount the new unit and reconnect all the cables
f) Reconnect the battery and turn on the system
1.6.3. Perform replacement procedure for the MB 1575 board

a) Power down system.

b) Make sure you are wearing an ESD chain that is connected to either the ILS
cabinet or some other grounded point.
c) Disconnect all the cables that are connected to the MB board, note down
where the different cables are connected.

NOTE! The 12 coax cables going to the LF and MO cards cannot be extracted from
the MB board. Disconnect the other end of the coax cables.
d) Pull out all the boards connected to the MB board from the front of the
cabinet.
e) Remove the 32 screws holding the MB board and remove the old unit
f) Mount the new unit ensure that all configuration jumpers are set equal to the
old board
g) Reconnect all the cables and insert all the boards from the front
h) Turn on the power and verify that the system operates normally.

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1.6.4. Perform replacement procedure for the modems

a) Remove the power from the modem

b) Open the lid of the side of the modem and set all dip-switches to match
those of the old modem
c) Reconnect the power to the new modem
d) Check that communication can be achieved
1.6.5. Perform replacement procedure for SP 1754A/B Slave Panels

a) Make sure you are wearing an ESD chain that is connected to a grounded
point
b) Remove old unit
c) Before putting in the new unit, configure the new unit the same way as the
old one
d) Connect the new unit
e) Check that the ILS indication is correct and that the ILS can be controlled
from the new unit
1.6.6. Perform replacement procedure for IL 1379 / IL 1380 Interlock switch

a) Make sure you are wearing an ESD chain that is connected to a grounded
point.
b) Remove old unit
c) Connect the new unit
d) Check that the switch is working correctly
1.6.7. Perform replacement procedure for CSA1218 Category Status Unit and RC
1750 Remote control.

a) Power down Backplane

b) Make sure you are wearing an ESD chain that is connected to a grounded
point
c) Remove old unit
d) Before putting in the new unit, configure the new unit the same way as the
old one
e) Connect the new unit
f) Check that the ILS indication is correct and that the ILS can be controlled from
the new unit.

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Chapter 2
TITLE: Maintenance of Far Field Monitor

Chapter Objective:

With reference, the participants will be able to maintain the Far Field
Monitor.

Intermediate Objectives:

2.1 Describe the Far Field Monitor;

2.2 Installation, Setup and configuration;

2.3 How to operate NM7720

2.4 Maintenance;
2.5 Perform Board replacement;

References:
 NORMARC 7013B-14B Instruction Manual
 NORMARC 7720 Instruction Manual

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2.1. Describe the Far Field Monitor

2.1.1. NORMARC 7720 Far Field Monitor

The NORMARC 7720 Far Field Monitor is used to monitor the ILS signals in
the field, normally at the center extension of the runway. It facilitates
measurement of ILS primary parameters (DDM, SDM and RF level) for two
channels simultaneously.

The receiver unit is typically located between threshold and the Middle
Marker site with the monitor antennas erected at an acceptable height. The ILS
signal information is transmitted either to a NORMARC 7000 ILS, or to a
connected PC with control software, normally located inside the radio equipment
room, usually through external modems. One or two receivers can be included in
the receiver unit, for course line and course sector monitoring.

The receiver unit receives and processes the ILS signal to provide
information on DDM, SDM, and RF level for both channels. The ILS information is
then sent to the NORMARC 7000 ILS, or to a connected PC through the RS-232
and optional external modems.

The Far Field Monitor (hereafter called FFM) is delivered in a cabinet for
wall mounting. It includes battery for more than 4 hours of operation and comes
with a built-in modem and a corresponding modem to connect to a PC or similar
equipment.

The FFM uses a digital radio with demodulation based on digital signal
processing. Full control from a remote system (typically a PC) by use of modems
is incorporated in the equipment.

The user interface is a graphical display (GUI) with a corresponding

keyboard on the front panel of the FFM.

2.1.2. Specifications for NORMARC 7720 Far Field Monitor

PARAMETERS
Frequency range 108.1-111.95 MHz
Channel spacing 50 kHz
RF level range 0 dBm to -80 dBm
DDM range 0-40%
DDM error Centering : 0.07% DDM
Deviation: 0.07% DDM ±1.25% of DDM-reading

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SDM/Mod. depth range 0-95%

SDM/Mod depth error 0.5% SDM
Ident freq. Range 1020 Hz +/- 60Hz
Ident depth of modulation 0-30%
range
Ident depth of modulation +/- 1% at 10% modulation
error connectors
Input 2 x BNC female
Output connectors Line connector PSTN (on modem) Ethernet
connector
User Interface AC power on/off button Graphical color 5.7”
display Keys for selecting function and parameter
Power supplies Built in AC/DC-converter for 115VAC and 230VAC
Dimensions (wall rack) 400 x 500 x 220 mm
Weight (with wall rack) 19 kg
Temperature range -10 to +50°C

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Figure 2.1 Typical ILS setup with connected NORMARC 7720 Far Field Monitor

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2.1.3. Inside the NORMARC 7720

Figure 2.2 The inside of NORMARC 7720

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Figure 2.3 Interconnection diagram inside of NORMARC 7720

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2.1.4. NM7000 FFM Interface

Figure 2.4 NORMARC 7000B Block Diagram for FFM interface

The Far Field Monitor interface for NORMARC 7000B consists of a common
FFM Interface (FI 1392) and one FFM Controller (FC 1927) for each of the two
main monitors. The FI 1392 is located on the wall-mounted part of the cabinet
(above connection interface CI 1748 inside the cabinet), while the FC 1927 cards
are placed next to their corresponding monitor MO 1820.

The FFM parameters integrates with the other monitor parameters for
monitor data storage etc.

[Link]. Description of FC 1927

The FC 1927 is a FFM controller that interacts with the connected FFM
through serial data messages. The FFM parameter values are extracted from the
received FFM messages, and sent to the corresponding MO 1820 via high speed
UART. The values are compared against the alarm limits, and the alarm status is
then delayed according to the specified FFM alarm delay. If any of the FFM
parameters are outside the set limits, the MO 1820 generates an alarm signal for
the station control on the TC 1216.

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Figure 2.5 FC 1927 Block Diagram

[Link].1. Signal Description

RxD0 Serial data from FFM.

TxD0 Serial data to FFM.
Alive Toggling signal from FC #1 to the FI 1392.
JTAG JTAG interface for firmware upgrade.
I2C Bus RMS data bus. Used for maintenance parameters for the
RMS and for setting FFM controller configuration
UART Serial data between FC 1927 and MO 1820.
I/O Discrete data lines between the FC and MO. Used for FC
status and alarm/warning output to RC via aux. channels.
Access levels RMS Access level as decided by the station control
TX Status Transmitter status feedback (TX ON or OFF).

[Link].2. Block Description

Microcontroller/NMS 283

This block consists of an AVR microcontroller with peripheral circuits

(RAM, buffers etc.) The microcontroller sends commands to and receives FFM

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data from, the NM 7720 FFM via the FI 1392 board. FFM data is extracted from
the serial messages, and the raw parameter values are transmitted to the MO
1820 boards via high speed UART. Discrete I/O is used for some parameter
exchange between the FC and MO 1820. System parameters and FFM controller
configuration data is exchanged with the RMA 1822 board via the I2C bus.

CONFIGURATION: The following parameters can be configured on the FC 1927.

Setting: Value Description

FFM 0-255 sec. Sets the timeout before lost communication
communication with the FFM will generate a "FFM Comm. fail"
error timeout parameter warning
FFM Normal Data from the FFM is requested every 500ms,
communication(*) and the battery status is updated every 5th
second
Slow Data from the FFM is requested every 1000ms,
and the battery status is updated every 10th
second if at least one of the TX feedback signals
are active

STATUS LEDS: Is showing the operating status of the FFM controller. The four
LED's has the following functions:

LED1: Off when there is no FFM alarm, on when there is one or more
alarms.
LED2: Off when there is no FFM warning, on when there is one or more
warnings
LED3: On for a period of 100ms each time a message is sent to the FFM.
LED 4: On for a period of 100ms each time a message is received from the
FFM.

LED fault indications:

The FC 1927 has some built in test functionality. Program- and volatile
memory CRC checks are executed on boot-up, and at least once per 60 seconds.
If any of these tests fail, the serial interface will be disabled, LED3 and LED4 will
flash at 4Hz, and the FFM_ERROR status bit will be sent to the MO 1820.

[Link]. Description of FI 1392B

The FI 1392B is an interface board between the FFM controller and the
connected NORMARC FFM. The board contains RS-232 drivers for logic level

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conversion between TTL and RS-232, and circuitry which selects which FC 1927
sends commands to the FFM.

Figure 2.6 FI 1392B Block Diagram

[Link].1. Signal Description

RxD Serial data from FFM to FC 1927.

M1 TxD Serial data from FC 1927 #1 to FFM .

M2 TxD Serial data from FC 1927 # 2 to FFM.

Alive Toggling signal for detecting that FC 1927 in position 1 is alive.

RS232RxD RS 232 input signal from FFM.

RS232TxD RS 232 output signal to FFM.

Command select: Selects which of the two TxD signals from the FFM controllers that shall be
transmitted to the FFM.

RS 232 drivers: RS-232 line drivers. Converts data between RS-232 and TTL level logic.

[Link]. Interfacing the NORMARC 7720 Far Field Monitor

The NORMARC 7720 FFM is connected to the NORMARC Localizer using a

RS-232 interface, usually using external modems, fiber-optic modems, Ethernet
device servers, radio modems or similar devices.

The NORMARC 7720 FFM comes with the required type of modem
installed in the FFM cabinet, with all necessary cabling (except the external
interface) connected. In the Localizer cabinet, the chosen type of modem can be

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mounted on the DIN-rail in the bottom of the door (wall mounted part) of the
cabinet. 27V power (2A max) for the modem is supplied from pin #1 (+27V) and
#2 (GND) on "ANALOG PORT #2" on the CI 1748 board. Refer to the CI 1748A
protection cover. Some features have been omitted for clarity.

Figure 2.7 FFM modem mounted in ILS cabinet

The communication equipment (external line modems, fiber-optic

modems, radio modems) must be capable of operating in transparent mode,
since the equipment software will not send any initialization or control strings.

Connect a standard 1:1 RS-232 modem cable between the serial port on
the modem and connector P5 on the FI 1392 (approximate position shown in
figure 2.7).

Jumper settings on FI 1392:

S1 S2 S3 S4
N/A 3-4: Selects RS-232 3-4: Selects RS-232 1-2: !CTS pulled low
operation operation
The NORMARC 7720 FFM receiver must be set up to use the same baud
rate as the FC 1927A; 9600 bps. The NORMARC 7720 always communicate using
8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit

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2.2. Installation, Setup and Configuration

2.2.1. Far Field Monitor antenna installation

Figure 2.10 Modem set up when connecting the NORMARC 7720 to NM 7000

[Link]. One-channel FFM (CL)

When the FFM system is configured for one channel only, the antenna
shall be located along the extended runway centerline. A convenient location is
approximately two hundred meters behind the runway stop end. If a localizer
antenna system is installed for the opposite runway, the FFM antenna should be
positioned minimum 10 meters behind the localizer antenna array at minimum
one half meter above, and within Annex 14 obstacle clearance requirements.

An optional location is at the Middle Marker if this exists. Figure

12.11shows a typical layout of FFM antenna installation.

[Link]. Two-channels FFM (CL, DS)

When the FFM system is configured for two channels, the first channel
shall monitor the centerline DDM as described above. The second channel could
monitor a displaced point from the centerline preferably close to one half-sector
width point, where the DDM is close to 7.75%, 90 or 150 Hz predominance.

The minimum distance from the runway centerline is based on the

following estimations: In Cat II, III the DS alarm limit (17% of nominal DDM)
should not be less than the CL alarm limit. Hence, DDM picked up by the DS
antenna should be minimum 5% which leads to an alarm limit 5% x 0.17 = 0.85%
which is approximately equal to the CL alarm limit.

This corresponds to a minimum of 34 meters from the extended runway

centerline. The antenna height should be the same as the CL antenna
height,typically 6m.

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Figure 2.11 FFM Layout

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2.2.2. Far Field Monitor System Configuration

The FFM can be configured in two different ways:

1. NORMARC 7720 communicating with NORMARC 7000 via a telephone line

pair or other media. See Figure 2-12.
2. NORMARC 7720 communicating with a PC running the FFM Data logger
program. See Figure 2-13

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Figure 2.12 FFM system layout configured for NORMARC 7000 integration

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Figure 2.13 FFM system layout configured for PC control

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2.3. How to operate the NORMARC 7720 FFM

Figure 2.14 The front of the FFM

FigureNM7720
Operation of FFM Receiver 2.15 Theisrear of the
similar FFM
to NM7710 NAV-Analyzer

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2.4. Maintenance
2.4.1. Maintenance

[Link]. Battery

The battery supplied is a 6.5AH battery suited for approx. 5-6 hours of
operation. If broken or aged it should be replaced with a battery of similar type
and capacity. Do not connect a larger battery, as the power supply may not be
able to charge them properly.

To replace the battery, do the following:

Figure 2.18 – The Battery inside NM7720 Cabinet

1 Open the cabinet to access the inside of it
2 Disconnect the battery (see fig 2.18).
3 Locate the battery and remove the battery connections on the positive
and negative terminals
4 Remove the clamps that hold the battery
5 Replace the battery
6 Mount the clamps
7 Connect the plus and minus terminals on the battery. The red wire shall go
to the positive battery pole, and the black wire to the negative.
8 Reconnect the battery.
When the FFM loses the AC-power, it will run on battery until the battery
voltage is approximately 10V. Then the battery protection unit disconnects the
battery to prevent harmful discharging. To start the FFM again, AC-power must
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be restored, and the battery will be charged again.

To disable the battery operation when the AC-power is lost, turn the
switch on the right side of the modem to “Batt. OFF” - position.

Disconnecting and connecting the battery

The battery may be disconnected by turning the switch at the right side of
the modem to the “Batt. OFF”-position (down). To reconnect the battery, turn
the switch to “Batt. ON”-position (up).

[Link]. Fuses
See Figure 2 for location of fuses.
Mains fuse
The mains fuse may be replaced by another one of same type and value
(T3.15A). The fuse is located in the fuse terminal at the right side of the DIN-rail.
Open the fuse terminal by pulling the top of the terminal. Replace the fuse and
close the terminal.
Battery protection fuse
The battery protection fuse may be replaced by a T10A fuse if necessary.
The fuse is located on the bottom of the battery protection unit to the left of the
power supply.

2.5. Perform Board Replacement

2.5.1. Perform replacement procedure for FI 1392 board

1 Power down system and disconnect the battery.

2 Disconnect all the cables connected to the FI board, note down where the
different cables are connected.
3 Make sure you are wearing an ESD chain that is connected to a grounded
point.
4 Remove the 4 screws holding the FI board and remove the old unit
5 Mount the new unit ensure that all configuration jumpers are set equal to
the old board
6 Reconnect all the cables
7 Turn on the power and verify that the system operates normally
2.5.2. Perform replacement procedure for FC 1927 board
1 Power down system
2 Make sure you are wearing an ESD chain that is connected to either the
ILS cabinet or some other grounded point
3 Remove old unit
4 Place the new card in the vacant slot and power up the system
5 Turn on the power and verify that the system operates normally.
2.5.3. Perform Battery Replacement

Please refer para [Link]

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Chapter 3
TITLE: Maintenance of the LLZ Antenna System

Chapter Objective:

With reference, the participants will be able to maintain the LLZ antenna
system

Intermediate Objectives:

3.1 Describe LLZ antenna system (transmitter side);

3.2 Perform LLZ antenna system Checks and Alignments (transmitter
side);
3.3 Describe LLZ antenna system (monitor side);
3.4 Perform LLZ antenna system alignment (monitor side);
3.5 Perform LLZ ADU & MCU Bench Testing;
3.6 Restore the LLZ antenna system;

References:
• NORMARC 7216A/C Instruction Manual and
• NORMARC 7220A/C Instruction Manual

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3.1. General description of Localizer Antenna System

The antenna system comprises:

a. 12/16/20/24/32 log-periodic antenna elements (LPDA) installed on a

mechanical structure

b. Antenna Distribution Unit (ADU), including a Cable and Antenna Fault

Monitor circuit (Model number is different for 12/16/20/24/32
antenna elements)

c. Monitor Combining Unit (MCU) (Model number is different for

12/16/20/24/32 antenna elements)

d. CSB- and SBO-feed cables for both Course and Clearance transmitters
from the NORMARC 7000 cabinet

e. 12/16/20/24/32 antenna feed cables of equal electrical length

f. 12/16/20/24/32 monitor cables of equal electrical length from

antenna probes

g. 3 monitor signal cables from the MCU to the NORMARC7000 cabinet

h. 1 set of Cable Ducts

i. Near Field Monitor installed on a mechanical structure with signal

cable to NM7000 Cabinet

j. Obstruction Lights

Depending on the station requirements, 16 Elements or 20 Elements

Localizer antenna systems are used in NM7014B3 ILS. Following are the types of
Localizer antenna models used in present installations.
A NORMARC 7216A 16-Element Localizer Antenna System (Two Freq).
B NORMARC 7216C 16-Element Localizer Antenna System (Two Freq).
C NORMARC 7220C 20-Element Localizer Antenna System (Two Freq).

The major difference between NM7216A and NM7216C is the type of

antenna elements used. In NM7216A, AE493J model LPDAs are used where as in
NM7216C uses light weight AE1800A LPDAs.

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Normarc 7216A Antenna system consists of:

a) Antenna Distribution Unit (ADU), DIA 1784A

b) Monitor Combining Unit (MCU), MOA 1778A
c) 16 number of LPDA AE493J type
d) 16 antenna feed cables
e) 16 Monitor cables from antenna probes

Normarc 7216C Antenna system consists of:

a) Antenna Distribution Unit (ADU), DIA 1784A

b) Monitor Combining Unit (MCU), MOA 1778A
c) 16 number of LPDA of AE1800A type
d) 16 antenna feed cables
e) 16 Monitor cables from antenna probes

Normarc 7220C Antenna system consists of:

a) Antenna Distribution Unit (ADU), DIA 1716A

b) Monitor Combining Unit (MCU), MOA 1708A
c) 20 number of LPDA of AE1800A type
d) 20 antenna feed cables
e) 20 Monitor cables from antenna probes

3.1.1. Construction

All aluminum structures have been designed to break, distort and yield
readily when subjected to the sudden collision forces of a 3000 kg aircraft with a
speed of 140 km/h or moving at the ground at 50 km/h. Ref. ICAO Frangible Aids
Study Group (FASG) “Interim Guidance on Frangibility”.
3.1.2. Antenna element construction (AE493J)

The Localizer antenna element is protected by a Glass Fiber Reinforced

Polyester (GRP) cover plus dipole cover tubes of Polypropylene (PP).
The antenna construction is made of 65 mm diameter Aluminum tubes, the
rear support bracket leg is welded to the antenna, and the front support bracket
is connected to the antenna by use of a GRP tube. The rear antenna leg (tube) is
equipped with a special breakpoint.

The 110 to 140 mm space from the end of the end cover to the antenna
element acts as a deformation zone. The end covers (165x250 mm) are curved

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which reduces damages on aircraft nose / cockpit / wings in case of impact. See
Figure 3-1.
The LPDA (Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna Element) is manufactured
from salt-water resistant aluminum.
[Link]. Antenna matching circuit

A low pass filter type matching circuit is formed on the pc-board FB 1526A
located in the front of the antenna. See Figure 3-2 . An RF transformer and
resistor network is formed on the pc-board MO 1525B located in the back of the
antenna as shown in Figure 3-3.

Figure 3.1 Antenna element details

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Figure 3.2 Feeder board at the front of the antenna

Figure 3.3 MO1525B Located at the back of the antenna

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3.1.3. Antenna element construction (AE1800A)

The LPDA is manufactured from salt water resistant Aluminium. The length of the
PLDA is 2.8mtr weighing approximately 17Kgs. The end covers are curved which
reduces damages on aircraft nose / cockpit / wings in case of impact.

[Link]. Antenna matching circuit

A matching RF and DC-loop feeder circuit and the monitor with DC-loop return, is
formed on the pc-board FM 1818A located on each side in the front of the
antenna. The module FM 1818A constitute both Feeder and Monitor pickup
boards. See Figure 3.3.2 for the feeder and the monitor board.

Figure 3.3.1 AE1800A LPD Antenna

Figure 3.3.2 RF matching unit (FM1818) Figure 3.3.3 RF IN and monitor out
at the front end cable at the back end

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3.1.4. LPDA

The LPDA belongs to a class of antennas with broadband properties. These

antennas will in theory have an infinite bandwidth if their dimensions were
unlimited. The term "log-periodic" refers to the logarithmical frequency periodic
variation of antenna properties.
The feeding of the LPDA is to the apex (the smaller end) and is such that
each consecutive dipole element is fed 180° in respect to the next element. The
resultant field backwards from two elements will be cancelled due to the small
distance compared to a wavelength. Due to the distance between elements, the
phase difference between these leads to an in-phase forward field from the
element. The radiation then is off the apex of the antenna.

Figure 3.4 Horizontal radiation pattern for the antenna element

(LPDA) in free space
The feeder line impedance and the thickness of the dipoles give the

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impedance of the LPDA. The LPDA is designed for 50 Ohm impedance.

Figure 3.5 Log-Period Dipole Antenna

3.1.5. Frangibility

There are two types of mechanical fuses (breakpoints) in the antenna/mast

construction. One is on the front GRP/Aluminium leg, a second is the bolted
connections between the masts and their supports. Frangibility compliance: See
document UILS 567 LLZALIZER STRUCTURAL FRAMES MSA 1806A/AE 1800A.

Connection with
clinch nuts inserted
in the GRP Radome

Support
break points

Figure 3.7 Mechanical Fuses

Note: Considering the safety of the aircraft, No modifications shall be carried

out in the above described frangible parts.
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3.1.6. Technical specifications

[Link]. General

Frequency range 108 –112 MHz

Temperature range -40 to + 70°C (no precipitation below freezing point
or icing)
Wind velocity Up to 200 km/h

[Link]. Sixteen Elements Antenna Array

Width 38.5 meters

Beam width CSB (-3 dB) ±2.6°
Coverage and clearance According to ICAO Annex 10
Course width 2.1° to 6.0°

[Link]. Twenty Elements Antenna Array

Width 52 meters
Beam width CSB (-3 dB) ±2.0°
Coverage and clearance According to ICAO Annex 10
Course width 2.0° to 6.0°

[Link]. Antenna element

Type Log-periodic dipole array

Element gain 9.5 ±0.5 dBi
Beam width (-3 dB) Horizontal ±23°
Front-to-back ratio 26 dB minimum
Return Loss > 20.8 dB
Relative monitor output ±1 dB / ±3°
amplitude/phase variations
Coaxial connectors N (female)
Dimensions 2.8 x 1.3 x 0.3 m
Weight 35 kg (AE493J), 17kg (AE1800A)

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[Link]. Antenna Distribution Unit

Return Loss > 20.8 dB

Signal distribution See table 1-1
Amplitude tolerance, typ. ±0.3 dB to ±1 dB depending on antenna
pair
Phase tolerance, typ. <±3° within each antenna pair.
±3° to ±8° for antenna pair rel. the
strongest signal
Course Line adjustment range ±3.5 µA
Course Line centering variation ±1.5 µA over frequency range 108.1-
111.95MHz
Panel connectors N (female)
Dimensions 60 x 60 x 21 cm
Weight Approximately 18 kg

[Link]. Monitoring Combining Unit

Return Loss > 20.8 dB

Outputs Course Line, Course Sector, Clearance
Course sector width adjustment 2.0° - 6.0°
range
Course line adjustment range ± 8 µA
External connectors N (female)
Dimensions 60 x 60 x 21 cm
Weight Approximately 15 kg

[Link]. Near Field Monitor Antenna

Frequency range 108 – 112 MHz

Gain 6.5 dBi
Front/back ratio 9 dB
Return Loss >14 dB
Connector N (female)
Dimensions 1.42 m wide, 1 m long
Weight 4.6 kg

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3.1.7. Description of Localizer Antenna System (Transmitter Side)

[Link]. Describe the function of the ADU

There are two type of ADUs are used in the present installations:

DIA 1784A – 16 Element Array

DIA 1716A -- 20 Element Array

[Link]. Mechanical description

The antenna distribution unit (ADU) consists of a micro strip circuit board
mounted in a hinged frame, cables for interconnections and a variable phaser
(PH1) provided for fine-adjustment of the course alignment. The components are
housed in a stainless-steel cabinet suitable for out- door installation. All external
connections are at the bottom of the cabinet.

[Link]. Electrical description

The CSB input and the SBO input are split and combined in various
quadrature hybrids to form the specified signal distribution scheme given in the
tables on the following pages.
[Link].1. NORMARC 7216C - 16 element, dual frq.

The signal distribution is shown in Figure 3-10 to Figure 3-14.

The CSB Distribution Unit CD 1783A in the upper right corner of the cabinet
consists of two inputs, one for CSB COU and one for CSB CLR, as well as one
output for each of the eight antenna pairs. There are also five outputs to dummy
loads. (Three dummy loads are Located on the board). The purpose of the board
is to distribute both the CSB Course signal and the CSB Clearance signal to the
eight antenna pairs in the correct amplitude and phase relationship (Please refer
to Table 3-1).
The CSB Course and CSB Clearance signals for each of the eight antenna
pairs are combined before being fed to the AC 1781A unit, Located in the bottom
of the cabinet alongside the PH 449 Phase shifter. In the combining process half
of the power is lost in dummy loads, and for the five antenna pairs with most
output power the associated dummy loads are Located in a bracket inside the
cabinet.

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Figure 3.8 Overview of ADU Cabinet (DIA 1784A)

Course Clearance
CSB SBO CSB SBO
Antenna Dist
Ampl. Phase Ampl. Phase Ampl. Phase Ampl. Phase
no. From
[V] [deg.] [V] [deg.] [V] [deg.] [V] [deg.]
CL [m]
1 -19.23 9.00 0 4.37 -90 0.78 90
2 -16.09 18.00 0 6.33 -90 4.32 180 1.46 90
3 -13.13 37.00 0 7.96 -90 10.55 180 1.02 90
4 -10.34 60.00 0 8.56 -90 16.17 180 0.78 90
5 -7.73 80.00 0 7.79 -90 28.11 180 2.39 -90
6 -5.30 93.00 0 5.99 -90 10.70 180 3.56 -90
7 -3.04 100.00 0 3.60 -90 69.74 180 14.10 -90
8 -0.95 100.00 0 1.11 -90 184.80 0 30.98 -90
9 0.95 100.00 0 1.11 90 184.80 0 30.98 90
10 3.04 100.00 0 3.60 90 69.74 180 14.10 90
11 5.30 93.00 0 5.99 90 10.70 180 3.56 90
12 7.73 80.00 0 7.79 90 28.11 180 2.39 90
13 10.34 60.00 0 8.56 90 16.17 180 0.78 -90
14 13.13 37.00 0 7.96 90 10.55 180 1.02 -90
15 16.09 18.00 0 6.34 90 4.32 180 1.46 -90
16 19.23 9.00 0 4.37 90 0.78 -90
Table 3.1 NORMARC 7216C Antenna system signal distribution and antenna
elements spacing (CS=4.0°)
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Figure 3.9 DIA 1784A Interconnection Diagram

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J30 J31 J32 J33 J34 J35 J36 J37

A1/A16 A2/A15 A3/A14 A4/A13 A5/A12 A6/A11 A7/A10 A8/A9
-20.92 dB -14.89 dB -8.64 dB -4.44 dB -1.94 dB -0.63 dB 0.00 dB 0.00 dB

COU CSB In-Phase (typ +/- 5°) power divider

COU CSB
J1 IN
J1

Figure 3.10 Course CSB Signal Distribution

J31 J32 J33 J34 J35 J36 J37

A2/A15 A2/A15 A2/A15 A2/A15 A2/A15 A2/A15 A2/A15
Not --32.62 dB -24.87 dB -21.16 dB -16.36 dB -24.75 dB -8.46 dB 0 dB
Used 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 0°

50 Ω CLR CSB power divider, (typ +/- 5°) phase tolerance

Term
inside

COU CSB IN

J2
Figure 3.11 Clearance CSB Signal Distribution

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CLR CSB IN

(J2)

CLR CSB power divider

50 ohm term

CLR8 CLR7 CLR6 CLR5 CLR4 CLR3 CLR2

inside

J37/A8
- 3 dB

90°

- 3 dB
- 3 dB

- 90°

- 3 dB
. . . . .
Dummy
Load
J30/A1
- 3 dB

90°

- 3 dB
- 3 dB
- 90°

Dummy

90° 90° 90° 50 ohm Load

- 3 dB
90°

COU8 COU7 COU6 COU5 COU4 COU3 COU2 COU1

COU CSB power divider

COU CSB IN
CD 1783A (J1)

Figure 3.12 CD 1783 Block Diagram

The SBO Distribution unit SD 1782A in the upper left corner of the cabinet
consists of two inputs, one for SBO COU and one for SBO CLR, as well as outputs
for each of the eight antenna pairs. The purpose of the board is to distribute both
the SBO Course signal and the SBO Clearance signal to the eight antenna pairs in
the correct amplitude and phase relationship (Please refer to Table 3-1). As for
CD 1783A, Course and Clearance signals for each of the eight antenna pairs are
combined before being fed to the AC 1781A unit. For the SBO the output power
is so small that the dummy loads used for dissipating the power lost in the
combining process are Located on the PCB.
The AC 1781A Antenna Combiner Board consists of eight
combiners/splitters. Each hybrid has two inputs and two outputs, please see
block diagram for each hybrid in Figure 3-16. For all the antenna pairs, the CSB
and SBO signals from CD 1783A and SD1782A respectively are combined and split
to the two antennas in the antenna pair.

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J40 J41 J42 J43 J44 J45 J46 J47

A1/A16 A2/A15 A3/A14 A4/A13 A5/A12 A6/A11 A7/A10 A8/A9
-5.85 dB -2.62 dB -0.63 dB 0.00 dB -0.82 dB -3.1 dB -7.54 dB -17.72 dB

COU SBO In-Phase (typ +/- 5°) power divider

COU SBO IN

J50

Figure 3.13 Course SBO signal distribution

J40 J41 J42 J43 J44 J45 J46 J47

A1/A16 A2/A15 A3/A14 A4/A13 A5/A12 A6/A11 A7/A10 A8/A9
-32.04 dB -26.58 dB -29.63 dB -32.04 dB -22.27 dB -18.79 dB -6.84 dB 0.00 dB

CLR SBO In-Phase (typ +/- 5°) power divider

CLR SBO IN

J51

Figure 3.14 Clearance SBO signal distribution

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CLR SBO IN

(J51)

CLR SBO power divider

CLR8 CLR7 CLR6 CLR5 CLR4 CLR3 CLR2 CLR1

J47/A8
- 3 dB

90°

- 3 dB
- 3 dB

- 90°

- 3 dB
Dummy

Load
. . . . . J40/A1
- 3 dB

90°

- 3 dB
- 3 dB

- 90°

- 3 dB
Dummy

Load
90° 90° 90° 90°

COU8 COU7 COU6 COU5 COU4 COU3 COU2 COU1

COU SBO power divider

COU SBO IN
SD 1782A (J50)

Figure 3.15 SD 1782 Block Diagram

S21 J1 –J8 J16-J9 S21 J1-J8 J16-J9

Amplitude dB dB Phase ° °
J3x -3.15 -3.15 J3x 0 0
J4x -3.15 -3.15 J4x 0 180

Table 3.2 7216C Antenna system signal distribution and antenna

elements

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J16-J9

90° 90°

-3dB - 3 dB

J3x J4x

90° - 90°

- 3 dB - 3 dB

J1-J8

Figure 3.16 AC 1781A hybrid schematic

The combined CSB signal from CD 1783 (for each antenna pair) is fed into
ports J30-J37 (J3x) and split to the two antennas in the pair. The two outputs are
in-phase, while the SBO inputs (J4x) are isolated.
The combined SBO signal from SD 1782 is fed to ports J40-J47 (J4x) and
split to both antennas in the pair 180 degrees out of phase. The CSB inputs (J3x)
are isolated.
On the output to each antenna there is a tuning option, which makes it
possible to match each antenna pair individually. This should be done at factory
test only. The optional tuning opportunity can change the output phase by 0 to -2
degrees by use of a 0 to 2pF (linear e.g. -1 degree => 1pF), 0805 size capacitor.
The use of a capacitor will introduce a mismatch and will therefore not be larger
than 2 pF.
An adjustable phase shifter with range ±10° is fitted in the signal path for
antenna 4 (A4) to provide a fine adjustment facility (typically ±2.8 µA) of the
course alignment (CL). Additional cables are supplied to increase this adjustable
range to ±5.6 µA. Figure 6.9 shows the interconnection diagram.
TP1 carries a low-level test signal for CSB/SBO phasing checks from antenna
7 (A7) coupled by a capacitor.
[Link].1.1. Cable and Antenna Fault Monitor Circuit (DC LOOP)

The function of this circuit is to trigger an executive DC LOOP alarm, if one

or more antenna cables or monitor cables are losing connection to its antenna.
Each of the four DC-loop channels is connected to four antennas. The DC-loop is
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connected according to figure 3-18 and Table 3-3 and except for alarm limit
adjustments there are no further adjustments or setup procedures for the DC-
loop system.
Cable connector information is given in the table below. This cable is fitted
between the antenna distribution unit and the NORMARC 7000 cabinet.
Note: Since the DC-loop is getting voltage in parallel from both MO-
boards, both monitors must be installed and work correctly for the DC-loop to
detect error.
If one MO-board is out, the DC-loop will not detect faults.

Cable wire Connector Comments Connector on Pin no.# on

pin the
Cl 1210 / CI 1748
connector
Screen e Ground Ch 1&2, Ch 3&4 3 and 6
1 Blue A Loop 0 pair (DC-loop Ch. 1 & 2) Ch 1&2 1
1 White C Loop 0 pair (DC-loop Ch. 1 & 2) Ch 1&2 2
2 Blue E Loop 1 pair (DC-loop Ch. 1 & 2) Ch 1&2 4
2 White G Loop 1 pair (DC-loop Ch. 1 & 2) Ch 1&2 5
3 Blue J Loop 2 pair (DC-loop Ch. 3 & 4) Ch 3&4 1
3 White L Loop 2 pair (DC-loop Ch. 3 & 4) Ch 3&4 2
4 Blue N Loop 3 pair (DC-loop Ch. 3 & 4) Ch 3&4 4
4 White R Loop 3 pair (DC-loop Ch. 3 & 4) Ch 3&4 5

Table 3.3 DC-Loop Cable connection to NORMARC 7000B from DIA 1748/DIA 1716

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Figure 3.17 Cable and antenna fault monitor (DC loop) system diagram

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Figure 3.18 Circuit Diagram of DC loop -16 Element

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[Link].1.2. Performance and radiation patterns

The performance of the antenna system can be expressed as far field signal
patterns and composite Course/Clearance DDM and SDM patterns.

Figure 3.19 7216 Composite Course/Clearance DDM SDM Distribution Pattern

Figure 3.20 NORMARC 7216C Course and Clearance Radiation Pattern

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[Link]. Describe the functions of LPDA (AE 1800A/AE493J)

Please refer para 3.1.2 and sub paras.

3.2. Perform LLZ antenna system Checks and Alignments

3.2.1. Use of Vector Voltmeter

Turn ON/set Frequency Range

 T
urn ON the Vector Voltmeter
minimum1 hour before measurements
start, in order to let the instrument
reach operating temperature.

Set instrument frequency range before

the measurements start. Figure 3.21 Vector Voltmeter Initial setup
Save Reference

 Set the instrument to the mode shown

to the right.

 Before making relative measurements

with the instrument, it's necessary to
save a reference.

Cable Length Measurements

Figure 3.22 Vector Voltmeter Save Ref
 To measure relative cable lengths, (true/
return) it is necessary to save reference
connected to the reference cable, and
then move the test cable to the cable to
be measure.
Figure 3.23 Cable Length Measurements
Return Loss Measurement

 In order to make return loss

measurements, it is necessary to save
reference with open test cable and then
connect to the device to be measured.

Figure 3.24 Return Loss Measurements

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3.2.2. CSB/SBO phasing

[Link]. Course Transmitter cables

The CSB and SBO cable between the cabinet and ADU shall be of equal
electrical length. Apply a vector voltmeter in a test set-up as in Figure 3-25.
Measure open end return phase for each cable.
On the CSB cable, normalize to zero phase and measure the return phase
for the SBO cable. The cable pair shall be matched within ±4.0° return phase
which is equal to ±2.0°true phase.

[Link]. Clearance Transmitter cables

Repeat the Course Transmitter cables procedure for CLR Transmitter CSB
and SBO cables.

VECTOR VOLTMETER

A B

From cabinet
CSB/COU
Cable under test
BNC test-connector 20dB
Directional Coupler Open end

Figure 3.25 Cable Phasing Measurement Setup

Note: Care must be observed to avoid a 180° phase error when measuring the
return signal on an open-ended cable

3.2.3. CSB / SBO phase adjustment

 Ascertain that the transmitter used is optimally

calibrated.

a) Switch off the clearance transmitter

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b) Connect the PIR to the monitor BNC test connector in the ADU. (Use 20 or
30 dB attenuator at the BNC input connector on the PIR.)

c) Adjust COU SBO phase in Transmitter Settings (associated with TX to air) to

obtain 0.0% DDM (0 µA) reading

d) Repeat the phasing procedure for the other transmitter

e) Switch off the course transmitter

f) With the clearance transmitter on repeat the phasing procedure, now

adjusting the CLR SBO phase shifter associated with TX to air

g) Repeat the phasing procedure for the other transmitter

Figure 3.26 CSB/SBO Phasing

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3.2.4. Course Sector Adjustment (SBO power from Tx)

1) Set the Localizer to normal radiation (clearance transmitter on). From the
centreline of the opposite threshold Locate points perpendicular to the CL
105 meters to both sides of the runway. Use the PIR (NM7710 or
equivalent) with portable antenna and measure DDM at these points. The
readings should be close to 15.5%DDM (-150 µA) at the 90 Hz side and
15.5%DDM (+150 µA) at the 150 Hz side. However, some asymmetry may
be expected due to ground properties, reflections and tolerances in the
antenna system. The course SBO level setting will influence the measured
DDM values

2) Check the CL DDM at over a distance of 10-15m along the runway

centreline in the threshold region to establish an average value. Expected
value: 0.0% ±0.2% DDM ±2 µA)

Alternatively, the check can be carried out at ±52.5m from the centreline
measuring 7.75%DDM (75 µA).
3.2.5. Clearance SBO power

The clearance SBO power is not as critical as course SBO power. Set the CLR
SBO level in the Transmitter Settings window to -5.5dB.
3.2.6. Return loss measurement

Apply a vector voltmeter in a test set-up shown in Figure Figure 3-27.

Measure return loss for each antenna element. Tolerance: -20 dB maximum.

Alternatively use a network analyzer in swept frequency mode (105 - 115

MHz), which is a better choice for antenna return loss measurement.

VECTOR VOLTMETER
A B

Antenna cable under test

20dB
From cabinet Directional Coupler Antenna

Figure 3.27 Antenna Return Loss Measurement Setup

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3.2.7. Antenna pair phasing

The intention of this process is to check the phasing of the radiated signal
from each antenna pair, and if necessary, correct the antenna phasing by cutting
the length of the antenna cables.

The phasing depends mainly on the mechanical alignment of the antenna

elements and the electrical length of the antenna cables. The antenna cables are
manufactured to a very high degree of phase equality within the set of cables for
the antenna system. If the mechanical alignment is done correctly, it is therefore
normally not necessary, or advised, to carry out the Antenna Pair Phasing
Procedure.

Antenna pair phasing on the Course signal should only be carried out if
the total radiated signal from the antenna system (radiating all antennas with
Course signal) gives a DDM reading on centre line that is larger than what can
be readjusted with the CL phase shifter (The adjustment range is approximately
±2.8 μA(7216C connected to A4)/ ±2.0 μA(7220CConnected to A5) and Two
additional cables are supplied in order to double the adjustment possibilities.)
in the ADU.

For 2 frequency systems (with CLR transmitter) the phasing of the centre
antenna pair is very important for balancing the DDM in the clearance region
and alignment for CLR Course Line (CLR 0 DDM along CL). Pair phasing of the
centre antenna pair should always be checked (use CLR on, Course off).

If antennas or cables are replaced, pair phasing should be measured. If

cable trimming is necessary the phasing must be carried out on the new cable or
the cable belonging to the replaced antenna.

[Link]. Antenna Pair Phasing Procedure

• Make sure that the TX/modulator used is optimally calibrated

• On 2 frequency systems; All antenna pairs except the two
middle antennas shall be tested with only Course
transmitter radiating (CLR OFF). For the two middle
antennas the test shall be carried out with only CLR
transmitter radiating (Course OFF)

1) Connect the antenna cables A1(first) and A16(last) to the ADU outputs
marked A1 and A16 respectively

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2) Connect all other ADU outputs to dummy load. Use the PIR (NORMARC
3710B/7710 or equivalent) with portable test antenna

Figure 3.28 LLZ Antenna Pair Phasing

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3) On the runway establish a point officially marked as the centerline for

DDM measurements. Ascertain that the measurement point is not
affected by reflected signals upsetting the direct received signals from the
antenna pairs. Moving the test antenna 10-15 meters back and forth while
observing the DDM reading may verify this. If the value is not changing
more than approximately 0.1% DDM (1 µA) then the measurement
position is OK

4) Take a note of the DDM reading first from antenna pair A1/A16

5) Connect pair A2(second)/A15(second last) to ADU outputs A2/A15 and

disconnect pair A1/A16, dummy load A1/A16 ADU

6) Take a note of the DDM reading

7) Carry out this procedure until all antenna pairs DDM readings have been
noted

8) Calculate the corresponding phase error for each pair. Depending on the
noted results alternative actions should be taken

[Link].1. Alternative 1

1) Most or all DDM values show the same sign (polarity). Highest calculated
phase error from A1/A16, A2/A15, then less magnitudes from inner pairs.
With all antennas connected DDM is a few microamperes with the same
polarity.

2) This result indicates that the antenna array may be mechanically

misaligned. Recheck the mechanical alignment accordingly to instruction
manual and if necessary correct the alignment error. Repeat the pair
phasing measurement.

Note: If calculated phase errors show approximately same value for all pairs, it is
not due to mechanical misalignment.

[Link].2. Alternative 2

1) DDM values are randomly spread as negative and positive values.

2) This result indicates that one or more pairs may be slightly out of phase. If
the phase error for a single pair is larger than 10°, first check the two
relevant antenna cables given in Article 3.2.9. If the cables are OK, check
the antenna elements by interchanging the two antenna elements in the
pair. If the measured DDM remains the same the reason could be a bad
measuring point or an error in the ADU. If the measured DDM changes
polarity approximately same value, the fault is in one of the antennas. If

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the measured DDM is significantly reduced, continue cable phasing if

necessary.

3) If the phase error is less than 10°, trim cable lengths.

4) Be aware that pair phasing can lead to unacceptable phase differences

between antenna pairs.

Note: The maximum phase error within a pair due to worst case
combination of the tolerances of the ADU, cables and antenna is in the
order of 10°. Phase errors significantly larger than 10° should not be
corrected by pair phasing.

3.2.8. Phase error calculation and cable trimming

The sensitivity of DDM versus electrical phase error of 5° (4° CS) is given in
the Tables below. The DDM for a 5°phase error for Course Sectors different from
4° can be calculated by: DDM = DDM@4°CS * 4 / Actual CS

The relationship is linear for other phase errors.

NORMARC 7216C - 16 el. dual frq.

Pair % DDM µA (CDI) Tx to use

A1/A16 1.59 15.4 Course
A2/A15 1.16 11.2 Course
A3/A14 0.71 6.9 Course
A4/A13 0.47 4.5 Course
A5/A12 0.32 3.1 Course
A6/A11 0.22 2.1 Course
A7/A10 0.12 1.2 Course
A8/A9 0.55 5.3 CLR

Table 3.7 DDM sensitivity as a function of electrical phase error equal to 5°

Alternative method is to insert a double male / female N-connector (which

is 10°) in one of the two signal paths. The DDM reading will show the result of a
10° longer signal path, and can be the basis to calculate the required cable
trimming.

Cable trimming length: 6.2 mm/°.

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If the DDM reading is positive (150 Hz dominance) the antenna cable at the
right-hand side (A9-A16) should be trimmed
3.2.9. Check of antenna cable length if phase error larger than 10°

This may be checked using the following procedure. Disconnect the

antenna from the cable and apply a vector voltmeter or network analyzer.
Normalize antenna cable (A1) return phase as 0° reference phase.

Measure return phase for each of the remaining antenna cables. Tolerance:
±2.0° true electrical cable length
3.2.10. Course Line Phaser

If the radiated signal from the full antenna system gives a result on CL
different from 0µA but ≤ 1µA or ≥ -1µA, adjust the Course Line Phaser until the
result is approx. 0µA

If the radiated signal from the full antenna system gives a result on CL >1µA
or< -1µA, Consider paragraphs 3.2.7 to 3.2.9 again.
3.3. Description of Localizer Antenna System (Monitor Side)

3.3.1. Describe the functions of Monitor Combining Unit.

[Link]. Mechanical description

The Monitoring Combining Unit (MCU) consist of a micro strip board

mounted in a hinged frame, a phaser for course line adjustment (PH1), a phaser
for course sector adjustment (PH2) and coaxial cables for interconnections. The
components are housed in a stainless-steel cabinet for outdoor installation. All
external connections are at the bottom of the cabinet.
[Link]. Electrical description

The MCU is combining signals transmitted from each antenna into three
monitor channels equal to the values in the far field.

MCU output Value

Course line (CL) 0 µA

Course sector (DS) approximately 150 µA (15.5% DDM, 150 Hz Dominance)

Clearance (CLR) approximately 280 µA (29% DDM, 150 Hz Dominance)

These three RF signals are fed to the monitoring system, demodulated and
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processed into DDM, SDM and RF-Level.

The CL and DS phasers are provided for adjustment of the MCU output
values.

The DS phaser is not to be adjusted but shall be kept in zero position and
the DS output is recorded in order to calculate DS alarm limits.
[Link]. NORMARC 7216C- 16 element, dual frq.

The signal samples from the antennas are fed to input connectors
M1…M16, and then split into three equal parts by sixteen 0° signal power
splitters. (NOTE: the same PCB board is used as for the 20-element MCU. The two
outermost channels on each side are terminated and not used).

One part is combined by using eight 0° signal combiners to give the course
line output (CL). The sixteen CL-inputs are first combined to five groups by using
4-to-1 combiners. (For M1/ M2 and M15/16 two of the inputs to the 4-to-1-
combiners are not used). Then two and two of these five resulting signals are
combined using 2-to-1 combiners (the last of the five groups is just attenuated by
3 dBs to compensate for loss in the missing combiner). Finally, the three resulting
signals are combined to give the output. For the CL signal, all signal paths are of
equal length, and the only adjustment possibility is a phase shifter PH 449. It is
Located in the signal path from antenna 1 to 6, making it possible to fine-tune the
CL DDM.

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Figure 3.29 MCU MOA 1778 Overview

The CS part is combined in the same way as for CL by using eight 0°
combiners. To simulate the default 3.5-degree course sector, all paths are
progressively de-phased by using strip line of various lengths. There is also a
phase shifter PH 449 Located in the signal path from antenna 1 to 6, and two
other paths contain exchangeable cables. A total of four cables comprise a cable
set that typically covers a range of 4 degrees CS (the actual coverage is wider, but
the cable sets have built-in margins). By changing cable sets, the monitor network
may cover course sectors from 2.1 to 6.0°.

The CLR part is combined in the same way as for CS by using eight 0°
combiners also with progressive de-phasing using lumped elements to result in
the clearance (CLR) output.

Clearance is monitored at 13 degrees

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Figure 3.30 MOA 1778 Interconnection Diagram

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Table 3.8 Cable Selection for various Course Sectors (MOA1778)

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The MCU is equipped with cable kits that shall be selected according to the
course sector (2 to 6). The MCU is designed for a nominal course sector of 3.5º.
Other course sectors are simulated by shifting the phase for monitor group 1-6 or
group 11-16. The phase is shifted with an equal amount within each group. This is
done by changing plug-in cables. In addition, adjusting a PH449 phaser (M1-M6)
will give adjustment possibilities to compensate for frequencies other than 110.1
MHz and various production tolerances in the ADU, MCU, antennas and
elsewhere. The PH 449 has an adjustment range of approximately ±10°.

Please see Table 3-8 for information about which cable set to select. For
each range of course, sectors three cables are supplied; only two of those are
supposed to be used. The phase values listed in the M1-M6 column show the
phase needed to achieve 150 µA for the various course sectors. A phase of 0
corresponds to the length of the standard cable in that position for CS = 3.5° .
Please note that the phase values listed in the table are theoretical, for 110.1
MHz, and that the supplied cables may differ from these theoretical values in
order to cover a wider adjustment range.

For narrower course sectors than 3.5 degrees, cable 1 between J31 and PH
449 is "select-on- site". The cables supplied are marked x-xCS-1A and x-xCS-1B,
where x-x is the course sector, e.g. 2-5 for 2.5 degrees. For the course sectors in
the ends of the span (e.g. 2.2 degrees or 2.5 degrees) it is likely that only one of
the cables will make it possible to adjust the monitor to 150 µA by plugging it in
and adjusting the phaser PH 449. Which cable to use will have to be decided on
site, because the combined production tolerances for antennas, antenna cables,
ADU and MCU are not known before the installation. The system is also
frequency- dependent.

For wider course sectors than 3.5 degrees cable 2 between J35 and J36 is
"select-on-site". The cables supplied are marked x-xCS-2A and x-xCS-2B, where x-
x is the course sector, e.g. 4-3 for 4.3 degrees.

Connect the PIR to the CS output of the MCU. Verify that the correct CS
cable set is used.

Adjust the CS phase shifter to obtain a reading of 15.5% DDM (150 µA). If
this is not possible, change the "select-on-site" cable, as explained above.

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3.3.2. Near Field Monitor Antenna

The antenna is a COMROD AV42-110 half-wave dipole antenna with

reflector. Weather protection is achieved by embedding all conductors in glass
fiber reinforced tubes. Cavities are filled with polyurethane foam.

Dimensions in mm

Figure 3.31 Near Field Antenna

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3.4. Perform LLZ Antenna System Alignment (Monitor Side)

3.4.1. Transfer measurements

1) Connect each antenna cable and monitor cable to antenna element load
and source respectively
2) Apply a vector voltmeter or network analyzer in a test set-up as shown
below
3) Measure relative transfer phase and amplitude for each Antenna-to-
Monitor cable signal path in reference to A1-to-M1. Tolerance: ±3°

Figure 3.32 Phase and amplitude transfer measurement set-up

If a particular signal path measures more than -3°, the associated monitor
cable should be trimmed. (On the other hand, if a signal path measures more
than +3° as the highest positive value, all other monitor cables should be
trimmed.)

Amplitude tolerance: ±1.5 dB. This tolerance includes the effect of mutual
coupling between the antenna elements plus the uncertainty of the instrument
used. If this amplitude tolerance is far exceeded a possible failure in the monitor
loop is indicated.

3.4.2. Monitor CL & DS Adjustment

[Link]. CL Phaser

The CL phaser is normally adjusted to produce zero DDM at the CL signal

output during flight commissioning procedures. The CL phaser should not be
readjusted at routine flight checks. However, adjustment may be carried out
during a major type flight inspection.

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[Link].1. Procedure

Connect the PIR to the CL output connector of the MCU. Adjust the CL
phaser to obtain 0.0% DDM.
[Link]. DS Phaser

The DS phaser is normally adjusted to produce 15.5 %DDM at the DS signal

output during flight commissioning procedures.

An alternative setting is to keep the DS phaser in mid position, and record

the DS signal output in order to calculate the correct DS alarm limits

The DS phaser should not be readjusted at routine flight checks. However,

adjustment may be carried out during a major type flight inspection.
[Link].1. Procedure

Connect the PIR to the DS output of the MCU.

Adjust the CS phaser to obtain 15.5% DDM (150uA) or record the reading
from the PIR and calculate the DS alarm limits.

Example:

DS output: 14.5% DDM (140.3 µA)

DS alarm limits: Cat I/II/III: 140.3 µA * ±17% = ±23.8 µA

[Link]. Clearance

Clearance Connect the PIR to the CLR output connector of the MCU.
Expected clearance DDM is 25% - 30% (242 µA – 291 µA). Due to production
tolerances the monitored DDM may vary as much as 40 µA from the actual DDM
in the field, but the monitoring capabilities are relatively unaffected by this.

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3.5. Perform LLZ ADU & MCU Bench Testing

3.5.1. ADU/MCU Bench Testing

Using a Network Analyzer

Observing the procedures given for the specific analyzer, measure S21
amplitude (dB) and phase (°) from the input port COU CSB IN…CLR SBO IN to each
signal output port A1/A16, A2/A15…A8/A9 (on SD1782 and CD1783). Compare
the result to the nominal values given in Figure 3-10, Figure 3-11, Figure 3-13 and
Figure 3-14(Alternatively, Use test report attached with ADU). Values are listed in
dB’s relative to the signal pair with the highest amplitude level. CSB and SBO
distribution are Located on CD 1783 and SD 1782, respectively

Measure S11 amplitude (dB) for all ports under question. Values should be
higher than 22 dB

Measure S21 amplitude (dB) and phase (°) from inputs to outputs on the AC
1781 combiner board in question. Use Table 3-1 as a guidance for the procedure
and the result values

All output ports not under test shall be terminated in 50 ohm dummy
loads.

Similarly, MCU can be tested using test report attached with MCU as
reference
3.6. Restore the LLZ Antenna System
3.6.1. Describe faultfinding best practices down to LRM level

• It is expected that the cabinet is concluded to be good

before faultfinding the antenna system

Start by checking the DC-Loop monitor and record all the monitor
parameters for CL, DS and CLR.

It is important to verify whether the fault is in the transmitting parts or in

the monitoring parts of the antenna system

This can be done by field measurements with the PIR, in order to check if
the radiated signal corresponds/do not correspond with the monitor recordings.
See figure below.

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1) If you find that the radiated signal corresponds with the monitor readings,
you must expect the fault to be in the transmitting parts of the antenna
system. (Field readings different from reference (field reading after flight
calibration))
2) If you find that the radiated signal is normal and not corresponding with
the monitor readings, you must expect the fault to be in the monitoring
parts of the antenna system. (NF monitor readings are normal but CL
Monitor readings are different)

A good faultfinding practice is to decide where to start in the signal path,

based on the results of 1. and 2. above, and search towards the end.

Figure 3.33 LLZ Antenna system field check

3.6.2. Cable and Antenna fault identification.

During no-fault conditions the DC-loop values returned in the RMM

monitor window1, are typically 975-980. If an antenna signal path is open the DC-
loop circuit will generate a DC loop alarm in the monitor system. The returned
value is increasing to values above 1003, which should be the alarm threshold
value. The read value will depend on which antenna is possibly open circuit. Table
3-11 shows typical alarm values and which cells in the matrix are associated with
a particular antenna.

Example-(7216C): A returned value of 1036 (Mon 1 and Mon 2) in channel

1 (DL0 in RMM program) while all other values are 980 means that Antenna no. 8
signal path is not ok. In order to be sure that e.g. A8 is associated with DL1 in the
first place, a comparing check with the DC-loop table from the commissioning
record document should be done, in addition compare also the returned value
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with the present value. (The pattern seen in Table 3-9 depends on cable
connection terminations from the antenna distribution network and the ILS
cabinet.)

Since the DC-loop is getting voltage in parallel from both MO-boards, both
monitors must be installed and work correctly for the DC-loop to detect error.

If one MO-board is out, the DC-loop will not detect faults.

Antenna DC Loop 0 DC Loop 1 DC Loop 2 DC Loop 3

no. MON 1 MON MON 1 MON 2 MON MON MON MON 2
Normal 978 2978 978 978 1978 2978 1978 978
Alarm 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003 1003
Threshold
A1 1063 1063
A2 1030 1030
A3 1063 1063
A4 1030 1030
A5 1063 1063
A6 1030 1030
A7 1063 1063
A8 1030 1030
A9 1048 1048
A10 1092 1092
A11 1048 1048
A12 1092 1092
A13 1048 1048
A14 1092 1092
A15 1048 1048
A16 1092 1092

Table 3.9 Typical antenna fault values displayed in the monitor program (RMM) (7216C)

3.6.3. Faultfinding the RF-Cables

[Link].CSB/SBO Cables

Open end return phase

• Disconnect the cables from the ADU
• Measure return phase of the cables according to Article [Link] and
[Link], Course/Clearance TX cables
• If one of the cables has a difference in return phase > 4°, the cable might
be faulty

Return Loss measurement

• Disconnect the cables from the ADU

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• Measure the Return Loss of a dummy load alone

• Terminate one cable end to the tested dummy load
• Measure the Return Loss of the cable/dummy load
• If the reading is > return loss of dummy, the cable might be faulty

When a cable appears to be faulty, check the connectors for water ingress
or bad connection.

If the connectors are OK, look for sharp bends or damage to the coating of
the cable. To be able to inspect the full cable length it might be necessary to pull
the cables out of a cable conduit.

[Link].Monitor return cables (CL, DS, CLR)

Return Loss measurement

• Disconnect the cables from the MCU
• Measure the Return Loss of a dummy load alone
• Terminate one cable end to the tested dummy load
• Measure the Return Loss of the cable/dummy load
• If the reading is > return loss of dummy, the cable might be faulty

When a cable appears to be faulty, check the connectors for water ingress
or bad connection.

If the connectors are OK, look for sharp bends, or damage to the coating of
the cable. To be able to inspect the full cable length it might be necessary to pull
the cables out of a cable conduit.
[Link].Antenna/Monitor Cables

Open end return phase

• Disconnect the cables from the antennas

• Measure return phase of the cables according to Article [Link]
If one of the cables has a difference in return phase > 4° for antenna cables,
or > 8° for monitor cables, the cable might be faulty.

Return Loss measurement

• Disconnect the cables from the antennas
• Measure the Return Loss of a dummy load alone
• Terminate one cable end to the tested dummy load
• Measure the Return Loss of the cable/dummy load
• If the result is > return loss of dummy, the cable might be faulty.

When a cable appears to be faulty, check the connectors for water ingress
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or bad connection.

If the connectors are OK, look for sharp bends or damage to the coating of
the cable. To be able to inspect the full cable length it is necessary to pull the
cables out of the antenna masts. See Article 3.6.7 for replacement procedure.
3.6.4. Fault finding the antennas

It is expected that the antenna/monitor cables are concluded

to be good before faultfinding the antennas through the
antenna/monitor cables

[Link].Radiating part

Ohming
• Disconnect the antenna cable in the ADU
• Use a multi meter and measure the resistance on the center pin of the
antenna cable
• If the reading is not 3-6 ohm, the antenna might be faulty.

Return Loss measurement

• Disconnect the antenna cable in the ADU

• Measure the Return Loss of the antenna in accordance with Article 3.2.6.
If the Return Loss is < 20dB, the antenna might be faulty

[Link].Monitoring part

Ohming

• Disconnect the monitor cable in the MCU

• Use a multi meter and measure the resistance on the center pin of the
monitor cable
• If the reading is not 30k ohm, the antenna might be faulty

Transfer Measurement

• Perform a transfer measurement in accordance with Article 3.4.1. If the

phase differs with more than ± 4° or the amplitude differs with more than
± 1.5 dB, the antenna might be faulty

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3.6.5. Fault finding the ADU

Physical check
• Connect to the NORMARC7000 through the RMM software and start
continuous logging
• Visually inspect soldering, components, cables and connectors
• While logging the monitors, jiggle connectors and cables, and knock lightly
on hybrids and power dividers
• Put a lightly pressure on the PCB in order to reveal micro cracks in the
circuit print
• Check the continuous log file for symptoms

Bench test
• Perform bench testing of the ADU (Article 3.5.1)
• If the test result differs from the test record, the ADU might be faulty

3.6.6. Fault finding the MCU

Physical check

Alternative 1
• Connect to the NORMARC 7000 through the RMM software and start
continuous logging
• Visually inspect soldiering, components, cables and connectors
• While logging the monitors, jiggle connectors and cables etc., and knock
lightly on hybrids and power dividers
• Lightly pressure on the PCB in order to reveal micro cracks in the circuit
prints
• Check the continuous log file for symptoms

Alternative 2

• Connect the PIR to the MCU outputs, one at the time (CL, DS, CLR)
• Visually inspect soldiering, components, cables and connectors
• While reading the PIR, jiggle connectors and cables etc., and knock lightly
on hybrids and power dividers
• Lightly pressure on the PCB in order to reveal micro cracks in the circuit
prints
• If you see fluctuations on the PIR while performing the above, the MCU
might be faulty.

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Bench test
• Perform bench testing of the MCU (para 3.5.1).
• If the test result differs from the test record, the MCU might be faulty

3.6.7. Perform replacement procedure for the cables

 Handle the cables with the outmost care

 It's an advantage to be two or three persons to carry
out all replacement procedures for the LLZ antenna
system
 A flight check might be necessary after all LLZ antenna
system replacements

• Disconnect the cables in both ends

• Protect the connectors with caps or tape to prevent dirt and moist to
ingress the connectors
• Fasten a pulling rope to cables in conduits
• Pull the cables out of the conduits, antenna mast and LLZ cable duct
• Remove the cable that shall be replaced
• Carefully pull and/or push the cable through conduits, LLZ cable ducts and
antenna masts
• Perform LLZ antenna system alignments in accordance with the
appropriate sections under paragraphs 3.2 and 3.4

3.6.8. Perform replacement procedure for the antennas

• Disconnect the antenna and monitor cable from the antenna

• Protect the connectors with caps or tape to prevent dirt and moist to
ingress the connectors
• Loosen the bolts fixing the antenna to the mast
• Lift the antenna down
• Lift the new antenna up on the masts, and carefully slide the cables in
through the rear collar
• Fix the antenna to the mast with the bolts
• Connect the cables
• Perform LLZ antenna system alignments in accordance with the
appropriate sections under paragraphs 3.2 and 3.4.
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3.6.9. Perform replacement procedure for the ADU

• Disconnect the cables from the ADU

• Protect the connectors with caps or tape to prevent dirt and moist to
ingress the connectors
• Loosen the four bolts fixing the ADU to the rear masts
• Lift the ADU down
• Lift the new ADU in position
• Fix the ADU to the rear mast with four bolts
• Connect the cables
• Perform LLZ antenna system alignments in accordance with paragraph 3.2

3.6.10. Perform replacement procedure for the MCU

• Disconnect the monitor cables from the MCU

• Protect the connectors with caps or tape to prevent dirt and moist to
ingress the connectors
• Loosen the four bolts fixing the MCU to the rear masts
• Lift the MCU down
• Lift the new MCU in position
• Fix the MCU to the rear mast with four bolts
• Connect the cables
• Perform LLZ antenna system alignments in accordance with paragraph 3.4

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Chapter 4
TITLE: Maintenance of the GP Antenna System

Chapter Objective:

With reference, the participants will be able to maintain the GP antenna

system.

Intermediate Objectives:

4.1 Describe GP antenna system (transmitter side);

4.2 Perform GP antenna system alignment (transmitter side);

4.3 Describe GP antenna system (monitor side);

4.4 Perform GP antenna system alignment (monitor side);
4.5 Perform GP ADU & MCU bench testing;
4.6 Restore GP antenna system

References:
• NORMARC 3545 Instruction Manual

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4.1. Glidepath Antenna system

Glidepath antenna system used in Normarc ILS is M-array antenna system.
Model of M-array system is NM3545.

The antenna system comprises:

a) 3 dipole-array antenna elements installed on the antenna mast

b) Antenna mast, AmpliSafe or steel type

c) Antenna Distribution Unit (ADU)

d) Monitor Combining Unit (MCU)

e) CSB feed cable, SBO feed cable and CLR feed cable from the
NORMARC 7000 cabinet to the ADU

f) 3 antenna feed cables of equal electrical length from ADU to the antenna
elements
g) 3 monitor cables of equal electrical length from antenna probes to the
MCU
h) 3 monitor cables from the MCU to the NORMARC 7000 cabinet

i) 1 monitor cable from the near field monitor antenna to the NORMARC
7000 cabinet

4.1.1. Technical specifications

[Link]. General

Frequency range 329.15-335 MHz

Temperature range Outdoor -40°C to +70°C
equipment
Temperature range Indoor -10°C to +55°C
equipment
Glide path angle 2.0° - 4.0° adjustable
Coverage According to Annex 10, paragraph
[Link]
Clearance According to Annex 10, paragraph
[Link]
Number of antenna elements 3

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[Link]. AmpliSafe Frangible Antenna Mast

Number of mast sections 4 or 5

Length of mast sections 3m
Wind velocity (operational) 140 km/h
Wind velocity (survival) 200 km/h
Frangibility According to Attachment C to state letter
AN4/1.1.37/64 “Interim guidance on
frangibility” The mast should break, distort and
yield readily when subjected to sudden collision
forces of a 3000 kg aircraft travelling at 140
km/h or moving at the ground at 50 km/H.
Weight, approximately 1000 kg

[Link]. Kathrein Antenna

Type Kathrein 713.316 B Stacked dipoles with

reflector (See attached document no. HBK
1160)
Gain 12.5 dBi
Front-to-back ratio 16 dB
Beam width, (-3 dB level) E-plane: 25° (± 12.5°) H-plane: ±80° (±40°)
Weight, approximately 19 kg

[Link]. Antenna Distribution Unit DIA 346B

Input return loss (50Ω) ≥20 dB

Adjustable Amplitude ≤±0.1 dB
resolution
Adjustable Phase resolution ≤±1°
Panel connectors N (female)
Dimensions 600mmX600mmX210mm plus brackets
Weight, approximately 35 kg

[Link]. Monitoring Combining Unit MOA 338D

Input and output return loss ≥20 dB

(50Ω)
Panel connectors N (female)
Dimensions 600mmX600mmX210mm plus brackets
Weight, approximately 25 kg

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4.2. Describe GP Antenna System (Transmitter Side)

4.2.1. Describe the function of the M-array ADU

[Link]. Mechanical description

The antenna distribution unit DIA 346C consists of a network of coaxial

cables, mechanical Phasers and coaxial type hybrids mounted in a hinged frame.

Figure 4.1 Overview of ADU cabinet

[Link]. Electrical description

The signal distribution is shown in Figure 4-3 and Figure 4-4. CSB, SBO and
CLR inputs are split and combined in various power dividers and combiners to
form the required signal distribution scheme given in Table 4-1.

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Figure 4.2 DIA 346A Wiring diagram

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CLR INPUT HYBRID ADJUSTABLE ADJUSTABLE

JUNCTION POWER PHASE
UPPER ANTENNA
H6 DIVIDER SHIFTER
D3 PH3
ADJUSTABLE
POWER
SBO INPUT DIVIDER
ADJUSTABLE
D2
PHASE
SHIFTER
PH1
MIDDLE TEST
HYBRID ADJUSTABLE
JUNCTION PHASE
H5 SHIFTER
MIDDLE ANTENNA
PH2 Directional
Coupler DC2
ADJUSTABLE
POWER
LOWER TEST
CSB INPUT DIVIDER HYBRID
JUNCTION
D1 LOWER ANTENNA
H4
Directional
Coupler DC1

Figure 4.3 Block Diagram of DIA 346 Antenna Distribution Unit

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Figure 4.4 DIA 346 Wiring diagram

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CSB SBO CLR

Amplitude Phase (°) Amplitude Phase (°) Amplitude Phase (°)
(dB) (dB) (dB)
Upper Antenna - - -6.0 180 0.0 0
(A3)
Middle Antenna -6.0 180 0.0 (Ref) 0 - -
(A2)
Lower Antenna 0.0 (Ref) 0 -6.0 180 0.0 0
(A1)

Table 4.1 NM3545 Antenna System Signal Distribution

Table 4-1 shows relative amplitude and phase for standard CSB, SBO and
Clearance feeding of the three antennas.

SBO amplitude is not related to CSB amplitude in the table. For horizontal
reflection area SBO signal level is 11.67% of CSB signal level.

Tolerances: Amplitude ±0.2 dB, phase: ±2°

4.2.2. Describe the GP antenna

[Link]. Kathrein Glide Path antenna element 713 316 B

Figure 4.8 Kathrein Antenna Inside

The radiating element is a stacked dipole antenna with reflector, housed in
a fiberglass radome for weather protection. See Figures, Figure 4-7 and Figure 4-8
below.

A signal coupler network linked to all dipole elements is used to monitor

the signal fed to the antenna elements. The signal from the coupler is about 35dB
below the level of the feed signal.

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The antenna element is fastened to the mast assembly with brackets at

the back of the reflector.

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Figure 4.7 Kathrein Glide Path antenna element 713 316 B

Figure 4.9 GP Antenna Circuit Diagram

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Horizontal Pattern Vertical Pattern

Figure 4.10 GP antenna element radiation patterns at mid-band

4.2.3. Antenna mast

[Link]. AmpliSafe Frangible mast

The triangular, self-supporting aluminium mast is 15 m high and has 3 legs.

Each leg consists of 5 sections of 3 m each. The leg sections are bolted together.
A red obstruction light is mounted on top of the mast.

The mast is equipped with three aluminium frames for mounting of the
antenna elements. Their position can be adjusted by moving them along vertical
rail assemblies on the mast. The horizontal position of the antenna elements is
adjustable by moving them along horizontal rails.

A ladder arrangement in the frangible mast provides access to the antenna

elements and the obstruction light.

The mast is painted red and white to ensure that it is clearly visible in the
daytime, and is equipped with red obstruction light for use at night.

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Figure 4.11 GP Standard Frangible Masts

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4.2.4. NORMARC 3545 M-array GP antenna system

[Link]. Performance and radiation patterns

Figure 4.12 CSB, SBO and Clearance field distribution for a 3° Glide Path

Figure 4.13 DDM distribution for a 3° Glide Path

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The performance of the antenna system can be expressed as far field

signal patterns and modulation distribution diagrams.

Figure 4.12 shows the theoretical CSB and SBO radiation patterns and
Figure 4.13 shows the DDM distribution from 0 - 2θ0

4.3. Perform GP Antenna System Alignment (Transmitter Side)

4.3.1. CSB/SBO phasing

[Link]. Course Transmitter cables

The CSB and SBO cable between the cabinet and ADU shall be of equal
electrical length. Apply a vector voltmeter in a test set-up as in figure 4.14.
Measure open-end return phase for each cable.

On the CSB cable, normalize to zero phase and measure the return phase
for the SBO cable. The cable pair shall be matched within ±4.0° return phase
which is equal to ±2.0° true phase.

VECTOR VOLTMETER
A B

From cabinet
CSB/COU
BNC test-connector Cable under test
10-20dB
Directional Coupler Open end

Figure 4.14 Cable phasing measurement set-ups

[Link]. SBO Phase in cabinet

• Ascertain that the transmitter used is optimally calibrated

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a) Switch OFF the clearance transmitter

b) Insert the 90° phasing stub in the SBO signal path. (Click the
"Insert/remove 90 deg. stub" button in the flight check window)

c) Connect the portable ILS receiver (PIR) to the monitor return cable lower
antenna (M1)

d) Adjust COU SBO phase in Transmitter Settings (associated with TX to air) to

obtain 0.0% DDM (0 µA) reading

e) Repeat the phasing procedure for the other transmitter

Figure 4.15 CSB/SBO Phasing

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4.3.2. Antenna Distribution Alignment

The purpose of this check is to make sure that the antenna signal
distributions are within tolerances. Table 4-1 shows the ideal values.

Tolerances: Amplitude ±0.2 dB, phase: ±2°

[Link]. Preparation

Use a vector voltmeter in a test set-up as shown in Figure 4-16.

a) Switch off the course and clearance transmitters

VECTOR VOLTMETER
A B

From cabinet
CSB/COU
ADU U
BNC test-connector
10-20dB CSB

Directional Coupler

Antenna

Distribution Unit M 50

50 SBO
L 50 
50 CLR

Figure 4.16 Test set-up for Antenna Distribution Unit Phase and
Amplitude check

b) Connect CSB and SBO outputs from Cabinet to dummy loads

c) Disconnected all cables from the Antenna Distribution Unit. Terminate
unused ports to 50Ω dummy loads
d) Switch on the course transmitter, but leave the clearance transmitter
switched off
e) Switch off the modulation to the transmitter used for the test
f) Insert a 10 or 20 dB attenuator at the input port of the directional coupler
g) Connect a test cable from the CSB/COU BNC connector on the cabinet to
the 10 dB or 20 dB attenuator
h) Connect the A-probe of the vector voltmeter to the directional coupler's
forward output.

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[Link]. Procedure (measurement and verification only)

During measurements all unused ports shall be terminated to 50Ω dummy

loads.

a) Connect the cable from the directional coupler to the CSB input on the
ADU. Connect the B-probe to output L. Normalize the vector voltmeter B-
probe RF level and phase. Move the B-probe to M output. Make a note of
the level and phase.

b) Move the B-probe to U output. Make a note of the level

c) Connect the cable from the directional coupler to the SBO input. Connect
the B-probe to M output. Normalize the vector voltmeter B-probe RF
level and phase. Move the B- probe to the L output. Make a note of the
level and phase

d) Move the B-probe to U output. Make a note of the level and phase

e) Connect the cable from the directional coupler to the CLR input on the
ADU. Connect the B-probe to the L output. Normalize the vector
voltmeter. Move the B-probe to the M output. Make a note of the level

f) Compare the noted values with those in Table 4-1 and check with
tolerances

[Link]. Procedure (in case parameter is out of tolerance given in Table 4-1)

During all measurements/adjustments, all unused ports shall be

terminated to 50Ω dummy loads.

a) Connect the cable from the directional coupler to the CSB input on the
ADU. Connect the B-probe to output L. Normalize the vector voltmeter B-
probe RF level. Move the B- probe to M output. If necessary adjust power
divider D1 to obtain -6.0 dB difference referenced to L output

Note: If D1 has been adjusted re-normalize the reference level at L output and
measure again the M output level. Repeat until a -6.0-dB difference is achieved.

b) Connect the cable from the directional coupler to the SBO input. Connect
the B-probe to U output. Normalize the vector voltmeter B-probe RF

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level. Move the B-probe to the L output. If necessary adjust power divider
D3 to obtain 0.0 dB difference referenced to U output

Note: If D3 has been adjusted re-normalize the reference level at U output and
measure again the L output level. Repeat until a 0.0 dB difference is achieved.

c) Connect the B-probe to M output. Normalize the vector voltmeter B-probe

RF level. Move the B-probe to L output. If necessary adjust power divider
D2 to obtain -6.0 dB difference referenced to M output

Note: If D2 has been adjusted re-normalize the reference level at L output and
measure again the M output level. Repeat until a -6.0 dB difference is achieved.

d) Connect the cable from the directional coupler to the CSB input. Connect
the B-probe to L output. Normalize the vector voltmeter B-probe to 0°
reference phase

e) Connect the B-probe to M output. If necessary adjust MIDDLE ANT phase

shifter (PH2) to obtain 180° (±1°)

f) Connect the cable from the directional coupler to the SBO input. Connect
the B-probe to M output. Normalize the vector voltmeter B-probe to 0°
reference phase

g) Connect the B-probe to L output. If necessary adjust SBO Lower Antenna

phase shifter (PH1) to obtain 180° (±1°)

h) Connect the B-probe to U output. If necessary adjust UPPER ANT phase

shifter (PH3) to obtain 180° (±1°). (Same phase as in (g))

4.3.3. Antenna cable lengths

The three antenna cables shall be electrically equal length. This may be
checked using the following procedure.

a) Apply a vector voltmeter or network analyser. Normalize lower antenna

cable (A1) return phase as 0° reference phase

b) Measure return phase for middle antenna (A2) and upper antenna (A3).
Tolerance: ±2.0° true electrical cable length

See measurement set-up diagram in Figure 4-14.

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4.3.4. Return loss measurement

Follow this procedure to measure return loss:
a) Apply a vector voltmeter in a test set-up as shown in Figure 4-17
b) Measure return loss for each antenna element Tolerance: -20 dB
maximum.
c) Alternatively use a network analyser in swept frequency mode (325 - 340
MHz), which is a better choice for antenna return loss measurement.

Figure 4.17 Antenna Return loss measurement setup

4.3.5. Sector Width adjustment

a) Switch OFF the clearance transmitter
b) Connect the PIR to the monitor return cable (M1) from the lower antenna
c) Adjust the TX SBO power (associated with TX to air) until a value of 11.7%
DDM (90) is displayed with the PIR
d) Repeat the procedure for the other transmitter

This value DDM is associated with horizontal reflection

plane only. For example, if the forward slope is 0.2°
falling the corresponding DDM should be 12.4% (90) and
vice versa. This change corresponds to about 0.5 dB
increased SBO level

A formula for resulting DDM observed from the lower antenna output
(A1) of the Antenna Distribution Unit is given below. Θ0 is the glide path angle;
FSL is forward slope, negative for falling terrain referred from the GP.

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4.4. Describe GP Antenna System (Monitor Side)

4.4.1. Monitoring Combining Unit - MOA 338D (MCU)

The Monitoring Combining Unit performs integral monitoring of these

parameters:

 Glide path angle (θ)

 Displacement sensitivity (Sector width)
 Clearance

NOTE: Indra Navia recommends monitoring the lower section width (75µA
fly-up), but some systems are designed for monitoring at 150µA. The values for
these systems are given in brackets.

[Link]. Mechanical description

Figure 4.18 Overview of MCU Cabinet

The monitor network consists of a micro strip circuit board, step attenuators,
phasers, and interconnecting cables. The components are housed in a steel
cabinet designed for wall mounting.

The three outputs of the network should be connected to the proper

monitor circuits in the main cabinet.

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[Link]. Electrical description

The signals from the pick-up couplers - which are proportional to the
radiated signal from the antenna elements - are fed through the equal length
monitor cables to the Monitor Network MOA 338D.

The far field glide path angle, the lower sector width, and the clearance
are simulated in the network by combinations of the three signals.

The glide path angle is simulated by addition from the upper and lower
antenna elements in reversed phase. The lower sector width at 0.88 Θ0 (0.755
Θ0), or DDM = 0.0875 (0.175) fly-up and the clearance at 0.3 Θ0 are simulated by
adding the signals from the three elements in a prescribed amplitude and phase
relationship. The amplitude relationship is given by the radiation patterns of each
element for the elevation angle corresponding to the detected DDM.

MUC Output Value

Course Line(CL) 0 µA
Course sector (DS) approximately 75 µA
Clearance (CLR) approximately 343 µA (dependent on FSL)

Table 4.2 MCU Nominal Output

The monitor network MOA338D circuit diagram is shown in Fig 4.19. It

consists of a micro strip circuit board, step attenuators, phase shifters, and
interconnecting cables. All components except the adjustable controls are
mounted on the circuit board (MM1304).

Here, PD11 - PD16 are power dividers/combiners of the Wilkinson type.

AT3 - AT7 are plug- in attenuators (AT1305). AT3 and AT4 determine sector width
monitoring, AT5, AT6, and AT7 determine clearance monitoring. Sector width and
clearance monitoring are dependent upon glide path angle Θ0 and forward slope
(FSL). Plug-in attenuators are available for Forward Slopes given in Table 4.3. AT1,
AT2, PH1, PH2 and PH3 are step attenuators and phase shifters located on the
control panel. AT1 and AT2 allow compensating for tolerances in the pickup
probe coupling and possible adjustments in the distribution network due to non-
perfect ground plane. AT2 is also used to adjust sector width to correspond with
the glide path angle, but as this will have a small influence on clearance a slightly
compromised setting of AT2 (within ±0.2dB) may become desirable. Clearance is
not separately adjustable. PH1, PH2 and PH3 are used to obtain correct phasing
for the working frequency, and to compensate for phase errors in cables and
probes.

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4.4.2. Near field monitoring

The Near field monitor comprises a receiving antenna mounted on a mast

about 80 meters in front of the M-array antenna system, and a coaxial cable
sending the received signal to the near-field monitor channel.

The monitor antenna is a half-wave dipole fitted with a reflector; it is

protected against the weather by the fact that all the conductors are embedded
in fiberglass reinforced polyester. The monitor mast, which is 5.5 meters high, is
embedded into a concrete block foundation.

The phase relationship of the signals from the three M-array antenna
elements and their images are not the same near to the antenna system (near
field) as at the position of an aircraft (far field), due to non-parallel rays from the
antenna elements in the near field. This near field phenomenon will vary with
distance from the antenna system. At distance D = (4h²/λ) – λ (h is the vertical
distance between two antenna elements) the glide path angle sensitivity
corresponds to the far field relationship.

For a 3° glide path angle the distance is approximately 81 meters and the
height of the NF antenna should be approximately 4.3 meters.

The exact position of the monitor antenna can be determined only when
the complete M-array system has been adjusted.

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Figure 4.19 Circuit Diagram of MCU MOA 338D

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Equiv. FSL in AT3 AT4

FSL relative AT3 Type* AT4Type* AT5 AT6 AT7
degrees for Type*75uA Type*75uA
to Θ0 150uA 150uA Type Type Type
Θ0 = 3° (Stock) (Stock)

-0.4 Θ0 -1.2°
AT 1305Z AT 1305AA AT 1305i AT 1305AC AT1305V AT1305R AT1305X
± 0.05 Θ0 ± 0.15°
-0.2 Θ0 -0.6°
AT 1305B AT 1305W AT 1305G AT 1305AD AT1305M AT1305A AT1305S
± 0.05 Θ0 ± 0.15°
-0.1 Θ0 -0.3°
AT 1305C AT 1305Y AT 1305H AT 1305AE AT1305N AT1305A AT1305T
± 0.05 Θ0 ± 0.15°
0.0 Θ0 0.0°
AT 1305D AT 1305U AT 1305J AT 1305AF AT1305P AT1305A AT1305U
± 0.05 Θ0 ±0.15°
+0.1 Θ0 +0.3°
AT 1305E AT 1305AB AT 1305K AT 1305B AT1305Q AT1305A AT1305V
± 0.05 Θ0 ±0.15°
+0.2 Θ0 +0.6°
AT 1305F AT 1305G AT 1305L AT 1305AG AT1305B AT1305A AT1305W
± 0.05 Θ0 ± 0.15°

Table 4.3 Plug-in attenuator type versus forward slope angle

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4.5. Perform GP Antenna System Alignment (Monitor Side)

4.5.1. Perform GP antenna alignment (monitor side)

[Link]. Transfer measurement

a) Connect each antenna cable and monitor cable to antenna element load
and source respectively

b) Apply a vector voltmeter or network analyser in the test set-up as shown

in Figure 4-20

c) Measure relative transfer phase and amplitude for each Antenna-to-

Monitor cable signal path in reference to A1-to-M1. Tolerance:
±3°

VECTOR VOLTMETER
A B
Antenna

From cabinet
CSB/COU
BNC test- A(n)
connector
10-20dB
Directional Coupler

10-20dB M(n)

HBK 1231

Table 4.20 Phase and Amplitude transfer measurement setup

d) If a particular signal path measures more than -3°, the associated monitor
cable should be trimmed. (On the other hand, if a signal path measures
more than +3° as the highest positive value, the other two monitor cables
should be trimmed.)

e) Amplitude tolerance: ±0.2 dB. If this amplitude tolerance is exceeded, this

indicates a possible error in the monitor loop.

[Link]. CL & DS & CLR adjustment (MCU)

Monitor Combining Unit MOA 338D is equipped with plug-in attenuators

dependent upon forward slope, according to the table 4.3:

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Example on how to select attenuators:

Glideslope Θ0 = 3.2 degrees: FSL = -0.55 degrees.

In this case the FSL relative to Θ0 is -0.55°/ 3.2° = -0.172θ This means that
the second set of attenuators (line 2 in Table 4.3) should be selected, since these
attenuators are designed for FSL in the range -0.15 to -0.25 Θ0.

*Please note that there are two columns for both AT3 and AT4. Select the
attenuator sets corresponding to the desired DS monitoring (75µA or 150µA).

Conclusion:

In this example AT 1305B, AT 1305G, AT 1305M, AT 1305S and AT 1305A

should be used for AT3, AT4, AT5, AT7 and AT6 respectively.

(*If 150µA DS monitoring is desired, AT1305W should be used for AT3 and
AT1305AD AT4.)

Make sure that correct attenuators are installed for the actual site.

The Clearance transmitter shall be switched OFF during all the

steps, except from the last.

a) Connect the PIR to the CL output of the Monitoring Combining Unit. Insert
the 90° phasing-stub in the SBO output of the Transmitter Cabinet. In the
Antenna Distribution Unit disconnect SBO to lower antenna by removing
the cable connector to hybrid H4 port 1. (See Interconnection Diagram
DIA 346C). Terminate open ends to 50 ohm. Adjust upper antenna phase
shifter PH1 in the Monitoring Combining Unit to give 0.0% DDM, or
nearest to zero value

b) Reconnect the cable connector to H4 port 1 to lower antenna. Remove the

90° phasing-stub. Adjust CL attenuator AT1 to give 0.0 % DDM

c) Connect the PIR to the DS output of the Monitoring Combining Unit. Insert
the 90° phasing-stub in the SBO output of the Transmitter Cabinet. Adjust
middle antenna phase shifter PH2 in the Monitoring Combining Unit to
give 0.0% DDM

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d) Remove the 90° phasing-stub. Adjust DS attenuator AT2 to give 8.75%

(17.5%) DDM or 75µA (150), 150 Hz dominance, or nearest to this value

e) Connect the PIR to the CLR output of the MCU. Adjust phase shifter PH3 in
the Monitoring Combining Unit to achieved maximum DDM (150 Hz
dominance). (The clearance transmitter signal shall still be switched off.)

Note: The DDM shall be as positive, but for some FSL (Forward Slope) a
positive DDM may be difficult to achieve. In these cases, the DDM shall be
as little negative as possible.
f) Switch on CLR transmitter. Check that the CLR DDM is not less than 38%

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Hm

Dm

ADU SBO CSB/COU

SBO CSB
CSB
L M U VECTOR VOLTMETER
NM7000 A B

Represent dummy loads

Table 4.21 NF Monitor Carrier Phase test setup

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4.6. Perform GP ADU & MCU Bench Testing (option)

4.6.1. Perform the ADU & MCU testing

[Link]. ADU Bench Testing

It will be demonstrated in the practical

[Link]. MCU Bench Testing

It will be demonstrated in the practical.

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4.7. Restore GP Antenna System

4.7.1. Describe faultfinding best practices down to LRM level

It is expected that the cabinet is concluded to be good before
Fault finding the antenna system

It is important to verify whether the fault is in the transmitting parts or in

the monitoring parts of the antenna system

This can be achieved by comparing the NF monitor readings with the CL

monitor reading.

1) If you find that the NF monitor reading corresponds with the CL monitor
readings, you must expect the fault to be in the transmitting parts of the
antenna system

2) If you find that the NF monitor reading is normal and not corresponding
with the CL monitor readings, you must expect the fault to be in the
monitoring parts of the antenna system

A good faultfinding practice is to decide where to start in the signal path,

based on the results of 1. and 2. above, and search towards the end.

4.7.2. Faultfinding the RF Cables

[Link]. CSB/SBO Cables Open end return phase

a) Disconnect the cables from the ADU

b) Measure return phase of the cables according to paragraph 4.2.7,

Course/Clearance TX cables

c) If one of the cables has a difference in return phase > 4°, the cable might
be faulty

[Link]. Return Loss measurement

a) Disconnect the cables from the ADU

b) Measure the Return Loss of a dummy load alone

c) Terminate one cable end to the tested dummy load

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d) Measure the Return Loss of the cable/dummy load

e) If the reading is (return loss of dummy) + (normal cable loss) > (return loss
of dummy), the cable might be faulty.

Note: Loss is taken as negative quantity. (i.e.-19dB > -20dB)

When a cable appears to be faulty, check the connectors for water ingress
or bad connection.

If the connectors are OK, look for sharp bends or damage to the coating of
the cable. To be able to inspect the full cable length it might be necessary to pull
the cables out of a cable conduit.

[Link]. Antenna/Monitor Cables (Including NF cable) Open end return phase

a) Disconnect the cables from the antennas

b) Measure return phase of the cables according to paragraph [Link]

c) If one of the cables has a difference in return phase > 4° for antenna
cables, or > 8° for monitor cables, the cable might be faulty.

[Link]. Return Loss measurement

a) Disconnect the cables from the antennas

b) Measure the Return Loss of a dummy load alone

c) Terminate one cable end to the tested dummy load

d) Measure the Return Loss of the cable/dummy load

e) If the reading is (return loss of dummy) + (normal cable loss) > (return loss
of dummy), the cable might be faulty.
Note: Loss is taken as negative quantity. (i.e.-19dB > -20dB)

When a cable appears to be faulty, check the connectors for water ingress
or bad connection.

If the connectors are OK, look for sharp bends or damage to the coating of
the cable. To be able to inspect the full cable length it is necessary to pull the
cables out of the antenna masts.

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4.7.3. Faultfinding the antennas

It is expected that the antenna/monitor cables are concluded

to be good before faultfinding the antennas through the
antenna/monitor cables

[Link]. Return Loss measurement

a) Disconnect the antenna cable in the ADU

b) Measure the Return Loss of the antenna in accordance with paragraph

4.2.7. If the Return Loss is > -20dB, the antenna might be faulty.

[Link]. Transfer Measurement

Perform a transfer measurement in accordance with paragraph [Link]. If
the phase differs with more than ± 4° or the amplitude differs with more than ±
1.5 dB, the antenna might be faulty

[Link]. Antenna phase test in A1 position

In some cases, it might be necessary to verify the phase and amplitude of
the radiated signal from each of the antennas.

Test procedure.

a) Construct a test set-up as described in Figure 4-22. Connect the CSB cable
from the cabinet to the SBO input of the ADU. Dummy-load the SBO from
the cabinet. Dummy- load CSB input of the ADU. Dummy-load M and U
outputs from the ADU. Connect a 10-dB attenuator at the A-probe of the
vector voltmeter. Connect a test cable from cabinet CSB/COU BNC test-
connector to the 10-dB attenuator input of the vector voltmeter. Connect
the B-probe to the NF antenna cable. Switch off the clearance transmitter
and the modulation of the course transmitter. Connect the lower antenna
cable to the L output of the ADU

b) Switch ON the course transmitter. Normalize the B-probe level and phase.
Switch OFF the course transmitter

c) Move the middle antenna into the lower antenna position. Switch ON the
course transmitter. Make a note of the B-probe level and phase. Switch
OFF the course transmitter
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d) Move the upper antenna into the lower antenna position. Switch ON the
course transmitter. Make a note of the B-probe level and phase. Switch
OFF the course transmitter

e) If the measured phase and amplitude differences are within the tolerance
of ± 2° and ± 0.2 dB, the antenna is OK

f) If the measured phase and amplitude differences are outside the

tolerance, the antenna is faulty and should be replaced

g) Restore the facility to normal

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Hm

Dm

ADU SBO CSB/COU

SBO CSB
CSB
L M U VECTOR VOLTMETER
NM7000 A B

Represent dummy loads

Figure 4.22 Antenna phase testing in A1 position

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4.7.4. Faultfinding the ADU

[Link]. Physical check

a) Connect to the GP through the RMM software and start continuous

logging

b) Visually inspect soldering, components, cables and connectors

c) While logging the monitors, jiggle connectors and cables, and knock lightly
on hybrids and power dividers

d) Put a lightly pressure on the PCB in order revile micro cracks in the circuit
print Check the continuous log file for symptoms

[Link]. Signal distribution check

a) Perform the signal distribution check as described in paragraph [Link]

[Link]. Bench test

a) Perform bench testing of the ADU. If the test result differs from the test
record, the ADU might be faulty

4.7.5. Fault finding the MCU

[Link]. Physical check
Alternative 1

a) Connect to the GP through the RMM software and start continuous

logging

b) Visually inspect soldering, components, cables and connectors

c) While logging the monitors, jiggle connectors and cables etc. and knock
lightly on hybrids and power dividers

d) Lightly pressure on the PCB in order revile micro cracks in the circuit prints

e) Check the continuous log file for symptoms

Alternative 2

a) Connect the PIR to the MCU outputs, one at the time (CL, DS, CLR)

b) Visually inspect soldering, components, cables and connectors

c) While reading the PIR, jiggle phasers, attenuators, connectors and cables

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etc.

d) Lightly pressure on the PCB in order revile micro cracks in the circuit prints

e) If you see fluctuations on the PIR while performing the above, the MCU
might be faulty

[Link]. Bench test

a) Perform bench testing of the MCU.

b) If the test result differs from the test record, the MCU might be faulty.

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 ATSEP CBT & A
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Module-4

Content

 Maintenance of the CI and Tower Equipment

 Maintenance of Far Field Monitor
 Maintenance of the LLZ Antenna System
 Maintenance of the GP Antenna System

CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
AAI/ANS/CNS/CATC/2023/UNIT TRNG/NAV-AIDS/V1.0-ILS
(NM 70XXB3)-MOD 4