As per Doc 10057

भारतीय विमानपत्तन प्राविकरण 2023

AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

Unit Training Course

NAV-AIDS

ILS NM70XXB3

MODULE- 3

Maintenance of PSU, Transmitter, Monitor, RMA & TCA

AAI/ANS/CNS/CATC/2023/CBTA-UNIT
TRNG/NAV-AIDS1.0-ILS (NM70XXB3)-MOD 3 CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
 Training Quality Policy

“To develop the human

resources for the aviation
industry, ensuring conformity of
the processes, by adapting the
best practices within industry
and building higher skills and
standards in training.”
 Version Control

Module AAI/ANS/CNS/CATC/2023/CBTA-UNIT TRNG/NAV-AIDS/V1.0-ILS (NM70XXB3)-MOD 3

Version 1.0 1. Sh. Dr. S. Mariappan, JGM(ATSEP), SMU-Chennai
Developed by 2. Sh. [Link], AGM(ATSEP), Imphal
3. Sh. Pravin Kumar Singh, AGM(CNS), CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
4. Sh. Kripa Shankar Yadava , AGM (CNS), Varanasi
5. Sh. Nanda Kumar KN, SM(CNS),SMU, Chennai
6. Sh. K Harinath, SM (CNS), BIAL
7. Sh. Rohit Kr Gupta, SM(CNS), Jaipur
Vetted By 1. Sh. Pravin Kumar Singh, AGM(CNS), CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
2. Sh. Kripa Shankar Yadava , AGM (CNS), Varanasi
3. Sh. K Harinath, SM (CNS), BIAL
4. Sh. Rohit Kr Gupta, SM(CNS), Jaipur

Period of vetting 26th Dec. 2023 to 29th Dec. 2023.

Vetting Reference As per ICAO Doc 10057 & CHQ vetting guideline.
Maintained By CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
Version Number Modified By Modifications Made Date Date
Modified approved
 Preface
This “ILS(NM70XXB3)” hand-out conforms to the standards and recommended
practices of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) vide Doc. 9868 (PANS Training) Part
IV Chapter 3 for ATSEP and Doc. 10057 (Manual on Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel-
Competency Based Training and Assessment).

With pleasure, I authenticate this hand-out and make it available for imparting Unit
training course on ILS (NM70XXB3) for ATSEPs at CATC/RTCs & their satellite centres in AAI.

The course content has been approved by CHQ of AAI. It is hoped that the trainee
ATSEPs will find it informative, interesting and better in presentation.

I am sure that the trainees will carry a sense of pride in undergoing this Unit Training
course of ICAO standard.

This handout on “ILS (NM70XXB3)” is specifically designed and developed to equip the
ATSEPs with requisite competencies required to carry out Operation and Maintenance of ILS
(NM70XXB3) system. It offers complete coverage of the unit in terms of knowledge and
practical exposure of the ILS (NM70XXB3) system including Transmitter, Monitor, FFM,
Antenna system, Power Supply system, Ancillary equipment, Remote Maintenance and
Monitoring system and the interconnectivity within the ILS (NM70XXB3) system. In addition,
it emphasises the importance and criticality of controlled environment in which CNS
installations operate.

This handout is intended to be kept up to date. It will be amended periodically as new

technological developments are made in the field of Air Navigation Services.

For the development and presentation of this module as per ICAO Doc 10057, I would like
to appreciate the meticulous and excellent work done by the course developers.

Errors, if any or suggestions, if brought to the notice of undersigned would be highly

commendable as it will serve to improve this module and contribute to our objective of
achieving excellence in the field of ATSEP training.

GM (CNS)/ Head of ATSEP training

CATC, PRAYAGRAJ-211012
Dated: 27th December 2023
 About the module
“ILS NM 70XXB3 Unit Training Course”

This unit training course on the subject “ILS NM 70XXB3-UNIT TRAINING MODULE 3” deals with the
following topics:

 Maintenance of Power Supply Units

 Maintenance of Transmitter
 Maintenance of the Monitor
 Maintenance of the RMA and TCA
 Appendix A- Diagnostic functions
 Appendix – B- Monitor and Maintenance Parameters
 Appendix-C- Factory Default Configuration Settings

The contents of each topic have been developed as per the expected level of accomplishment given in
DOC 10057. However, the exact contents in this module may not fully represent the original source or
documents, as the contents are customized for the internal training purpose of AAI by the course
developers those who have significant exposure in the industry.

All ATSEP should successfully complete this unit training course. Assessment at this stage will normally be
conducted using assessment tools such as ICA (Interim competency Assessment), FCA (Final Competency
Assessment), Practical & viva.
 AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 .................................................................................................. 2
TITLE: Maintenance of Power Supply Units ....................................................... 2
1.1. Describe Power Supply units .................................................................... 4
1.2. Restore the Power supply units/Boards ................................................. 15
Chapter 2 ................................................................................................ 17
TITLE: Maintenance of Transmitter.................................................................. 17
2.1. Describe the ILS Transmitter Block Diagram .......................................... 19
2.2. Perform Transmitter Alignment .............................................................. 56
2.3. Modules replacement procedure ............................................................. 65
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................ 68
TITLE: Maintenance of the Monitor .................................................................. 68
3.1. Monitors Block Diagram Description ...................................................... 70
3.2. Perform Monitor Alignment .................................................................... 79
3.3. Restore the Monitor................................................................................ 92
Chapter 4 ................................................................................................ 95
TITLE: Maintenance of the RMA and TCA ........................................................ 95
4.1. Describe RMS Block Diagram ................................................................. 97
4.2. Describe Historical information being stored (Storage function) ........... 102
4.3. RMS Integrity Tests .............................................................................. 111
4.4. Describe RMA 1822A RMS Assembly ................................................... 114
4.5. Describe TCA 1218 Transmitter Control Assembly ............................... 119
4.6. Perform Boards Adjustments / Configuration ...................................... 124
4.7. Restore the Boards ............................................................................... 131
Appendix A ............................................................................................ 134
A.1 Diagnostic functions ............................................................................ 134
Appendix - B .......................................................................................... 144
Monitor and Maintenance Parameters ........................................................... 144
B-1 Monitor Parameters ................................................................................. 144
B-2 Maintenance Parameters ......................................................................... 146
Appendix-C ............................................................................................ 149
C.1. Factory Default Configuration Settings................................................. 149

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Chapter 1

TITLE: Maintenance of Power Supply Units

Chapter Objective:

With reference, the participants will maintain the Power Supply Units.

Interim Objectives:

1.1 Describe the Power Supply units;

1.2 Perform Power supply units/Boards installation and configuration;

1.3 Restore Power supply units/Boards.

References:
 NORMARC 7013B-14B Instruction Manual and
 NORMARC 7033B-34B Instruction Manual

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1.1. Describe Power Supply units

The system normally uses an external BC1361 Power Supply operating at

230V AC mains input and providing 27V DC for the operation of the ILS cabinet and
charging of backup batteries.

The cold standby models (NORMARC 7011B/13B/31B/33B) use a power

supply with 4 rectifier modules, providing up to 40A. The power supply will supply
sufficient power even with one failed rectifier module. In addition one set of
backup batteries may be connected to ensure no break operation in case of mains
failure. (Fig 1.1)

The hot standby models (NORMARC 7012B/14B/32B/34B) use dual power

supplies with 3 rectifier modules each, providing up to 30A for each power supply.
The power supply will supply sufficient power even with one failed rectifier
module. In addition two sets of backup batteries may be connected to ensure no
break operation in case of mains failure. (Fig 1.2)

The 27V is regulated down to ±15V, 8.5V and 5V. The transmitter power
amplifiers are fed directly from the 27V supply, while the rest of the system uses
the regulated voltages.

Current measurements are done on the power supply, the battery and each
power amplifier. Each regulated voltage is measured in the PS 1227 module. The
results are presented to the user through the RMS system.

When the ILS signals are shut down, the power supply to the power
amplifiers are actually turned off by relays. This is controlled by the terminator
alarm signal from the terminator section of transmitter control Assembly
(TCA1218).

The backup battery is protected against deep discharge with a protection

circuit. This circuit disconnects the battery when the voltage drops below 22V.

A battery warning is given through the RMS system when the primary power
supply (supplies) fails.

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Main Cabinet
Terminator Alarm MODULE CONNECTIONS
V27_CSB_COU_1
CSB COU LPA 1580/GPA
V27_SBO_COU_1 T
1581 SBO COU
A X
V27_CSB_CLR_1
CSB CLR LPA 1580/GPA
1
V27_SBO_CLR_1 1582 SBO CLR
V15P
MF 1821A /OS 1706x /MO
PC 1749A V15N 1820A /CI 1748A RMA
1822A /TCA 1218C /LF
Main VDD
1576A /LPA 1580/GPA
Battery Cabinet 1581/82
V8P5P
Warning Switch MF 1821A
OS 1706x
LPA 1580
GPA 1581/82

V27_CSB_COU_2
CSB COU /LPA 1580 T
V27_SBO_COU_2 /GPA 1581 /SBO COU
X
V27_CSB_CLR_2
CSB CLR /LPA 1580 2
V27_SBO_CLR_2
/GPA 1582 /SBO CLR

Figure 1.1 Single Power Supply Functional Block diagram

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Main Cabinet
PC 1749-1 Terminator Alarm
V27_CSB_COU_1 MODULE CONNECTIONS
Battery CSB COU LPA 1580/GPA
Warning V27_SBO_COU_1 T
A 1581 SBO COU
V27_CSB_CLR_1 X
A CSB CLR LPA 1580/GPA
1
V27_SBO_CLR_1 1582 SBO CLR
A
V15P
MF 1821A /OS 1706x /MO
V V15N 1820A /CI 1748A RMA
1822A /TCA 1218C /LF
Main V VDD
1576A /LPA 1580/GPA
Cabinet V 1581/82
V8P5P
Switch MF 1821A
V OS 1706x
LPA 1580
PC 1749-2 PS1227-2 GPA 1581/82

Battery V
Warning
V
V
V V27_CSB_COU_2
A CSB COU /LPA 1580 T
V27_SBO_COU_2 /GPA 1581 /SBO COU
A X
A V27_CSB_CLR_2
CSB CLR /LPA 1580 2
V27_SBO_CLR_2
A /GPA 1582 /SBO CLR

Figure 1.2 Dual Power Supply Functional Block diagram

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1.1.1. PS 1227 Power Supply Block Diagram description

PS 1227 supplies the NORMARC 70xxB cabinet with +27V, ±15V, +8.5V and
+5V, from a +27V input.

Figure 1.3 PS1227 Block diagram

The ±15V, +8.5V and +5V supplies are provided by DC/DC converters.

PS 1227 can operate in redundancy with a second power supply using or'ing
diodes. The output voltages are measured prior to these or'ing diodes, to be able
to identify a power failure.

The four 27V outputs supply the LPA 1580A, GPA 1581A and GPA 1582A
power amplifiers. The current drains are converted to a voltage used for current
measurement. The ILS output signals may be shut down by cutting off the 27V
supplies. This is done by the TERMINATOR alarm signal (TRM_AL).

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1.1.2. PC 1749A Power Connection Block Diagram Description

The PC 1749A is used in either single or dual configuration to provide the

following features:

a) Power connection from one or two external chargers.

b) Power connection to/from one battery bank

c) Power connection to one or two PS 1227 power supplies.

d) Battery protection for one battery bank

e) Voltage and current measurements for charger/battery

f) Connection for external battery switch

g) Connection for charger warning inputs
h) Modem power output (to CI 1748A).

The block diagram is shown in Figure below:

Figure 1.4 Block Diagram PC 1749A

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[Link]. Power connections for external charger/battery and internal power
supplies

The J1 contact on the right side of the board is intended for connections
to/from external AC/ DC-chargers and battery bank.

The J2 contact on the upper side of the board is intended for connections
to the internal PS 1227 power supplies.

One or two PC 1749A boards may be present in the system, as well as one
or two external chargers and one or two battery banks. For details regarding
connection in the various configurations, please see Para. [Link].7.

[Link]. Battery protection

The module will disconnect the battery if the battery voltage drops below a
preset voltage, normally 22VDC. The trigger voltage may be adjusted between 20V
and 24V and by adjusting R107. There is also a similar high voltage cutoff circuit
present, the cutoff voltage is adjusted by R103. The voltages are set at the factory.

[Link]. Voltage and current measurement

The circuits U102, U103 and U104 are current sense chips that measures
the current supplied by external charger and the current flowing to or from the
battery bank. The U107-U109 IC's are used for voltage measurement and scaling
of the current measurements. The voltage and current measurements are
available as RMM maintenance parameters.

[Link]. Battery switch / battery charger warning

The P3 connector is intended for connection to battery switch and mains

warning inputs from external chargers. For details regarding connection, please
see [Link].7.

Straps S1 and S2 provides an option for selecting the input to the RMM
maintenance parameter Mains Fail from either external or internal source:

Pos 1-2: using external mains warning inputs (connected to P3)

Pos 2-3: using internal sensing of the polarity of battery current

S1 and S2 are connected to separate inputs on P3 when in pos 1-2. They use
the same input when set in position 2-3.

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[Link]. Modem power (to CI 1748A)

The module also provides fused power output to modem or other external
equipment. Using diodes this output is supplied from both charger/battery banks
and these diodes also prevent a reverse current from one battery bank to the
other. The modem power connector is located on CI 1748A

1.1.3. BC1361 Power Supply cum Battery Charger

This chapter describes BC 1361 Power supplies/Chargers of LOC/GP

cabinets. These supplies are normally composed of one or two COTS AC/DC
converters with cable harness mounted on the Wall Mount under the ILS cabinet.

a) BC 1361K – for Cold Standby LOC/GP cabinets.

b) BC 1361 L - for Hot Standby LOC/GP cabinets.

The TWO variants of this type of Power Supply are used as follows:

Figure 1.5 ILS cabinet with BC1361 K (left) and 2 pcs of BC 1361L (right)

a) For Hot Standby cabinets the dual type BC 1361J or 2 pcs of BC 1361L are
used
b) For Cold Standby cabinets the single charger type BC 1361H or BC 1361K is
used

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The main advantages with this Power Supply are:

a) Separate Circuit Breaker for Batteries, DC Output(s) and Mains input(s) are
now integrated into the Power Supply

b) Modular design (DIN-rail)

c) Redundancy of sub-units inside the power supplies

d) Sub-modules inside Power Supply are hot swappable

e) Based on proven COTS units with high MTBF

f) New maintenance free compact batteries with 12 years battery life and
front terminals (M6) will normally be supplied

g) Additional monitoring features

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[Link].1. Details

The Power Supplies are based on the Micropack power system from
Eltek Valere. This system consists of standard modules easily mounted on a
DIN rail. Several blocks have been combined in the BC 1361K and BC 1361L
to create the perfect combination for ILS use.
[Link].2. Rectifier

The Micropack 24/240 WOR Rectifier Module is

convection cooled for system installation in harsh and noise
sensitive environments.
It provides an output of 24V DC 240W, normally
adjusted to about27V depending on battery type (21.5-
36VDC adjustment range)

[Link].3. Compack Controller

The Compack Controller is the monitoring and control unit for the rectifiers.

The controller has

a) LEDs for local visual alarming (Major, Minor, Power
ON)
b) Ethernet for remote or local monitoring and control via
WEB Browser
c) Ethernet port with HP Auto MDI/MDI-X for detection
and correction for straight-through and crossover
cables. Eliminates confusion whether to use straight
cable or crossover between controller and PC
d) SNMP protocol with TRAP, SET and GET on Ethernet.
Email of TRAP alarms
e) 3 programmable relay outputs for "traditional" remote
monitoring. One is used for generation of the "Battery
Warning" in the ILS cabinet
3 programmable multipurpose inputs (temperature,
"digital inputs" or analog signals)
The controllers in the BC 1361K and BC 1361L are programmed for use
with the ILS with indications and monitoring on ILS (RC and RMM).
There are numerous possibilities for enhanced monitoring and control of
the Power Supply by using the controller's built in functionality in the Web
browser.

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[Link].4. Layout of BC 1316K and 1316L

The BC 1361K is a 0.96kW and BC 1361L is a 0.72kW Power System for

24VDVC with 4 rectifier slots.
These power supplies consist of:
a. 4 pcs 24V Rectifier Modules in the BC 1361K, i.e 0.96kW
b. 3 pcs 24V Rectifier Modules in the BC 1361L i.e. 0.72kW
c. 1 pcs Control Unit Compack
d. 1 pcs 1 phase 230VAC TN Mains input on a 2 pole 10A C char. circuit
breaker (CB1)
e. 1 pcs Load/output breaker, 32A C char. (CB2)
f. 1 pcs Battery breaker, 32A D char. (CB3)
g. Cables and accessories for interconnection to ILS cabinet and
batteries

Figure 1.6 BC 1361K and BC 1361L Battery Charger, with and without cover

Figure 1.7 Circuit Breakers and connection terminals

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[Link].5. Redundancy

In the BC 1361K (Cold Standby systems) 4 pcs 240W AC/DC Rectifier units
are connected in parallel to provide the power. However, 2-3 units provide enough
power for the ILS cabinet. If 1 of the Rectifiers units becomes faulty the ILS will still
be fully operational but with some reduction in output power headroom. If 2 or
more of the units become faulty a Battery Warning indication on the ILS will be
given.
In the BC 1361L there are 3 240W AC/DC Rectifier units installed in each
cabinet, thus two such supplies are used.
The first group/supply is charging battery bank 1 and providing power to
Tx1 while the second group is charging battery bank 2 and providing power to Tx2.
This gives full redundancy between the two groups/supplies and in addition 1
Rectifier unit can be broken in each group and the ILS will still be in full operation
but with some reduction in output power headroom. If 2 or more of the units in
each group become faulty a Battery Warning indication on the ILS will be given.
This design means that the BC 1361K-L have extremely high MTBO.

A separate alarm output can be monitored providing information to the ILS

cabinet also when only one rectifier is faulty in which case the Power Supply is fully
operational but with some reduction in output power headroom. Normally this
alarm is wired to User I/O channel 2 for BC 1361 K, and user I/O Channel 2 and 3
for BC 1361 L.

Note: the Controller is not redundant within the BC 1361K and BC 1361L
however this unit is not vital for the operation of the power supply. In case it is
faulty, the charger units will operate as normal and a Battery Warning will be
provided to the ILS cabinet.

[Link].6. Batteries

The Marathon FT backup batteries that will be supplied with these power
supplies are maintenance free and have a 12 years design life (80% remaining
capacity) Battery operation will be provided for more than 4 hours (from each
battery bank).

[Link].7. Operation

The Power Supply has Circuit Breakers available on the front panel providing
following functions:
a) Mains ON/OFF - disconnects mains input(s)
b) Load ON/OFF - disconnects the 27V DC output from the rectifiers to the
ILS cabinet.

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Note that this output powers the ILS cabinet and also provides the
charging current to the batteries
c) Battery ON/OFF - disconnects the backup batteries from the ILS cabinet
(for charging and backup operation)

The BC 1361K and BC 1361L are mounted on the wall mount frame used
for the ILS cabinet. These charger cabinets have a removable front cover for
access to the charger modules and interconnection terminals. Cable is entered
through the cable glands in the bottom of the power cabinet.
The Rectifier and Controller modules can be removed (hot swappable)
from their back panel by pressing in the lock in the front handle and lifting it up.

1.2. Restore the Power supply units/Boards

1.2.1. Describe faultfinding best practices down to LRM level

a) Run a Current Diagnostic from the RMM program

b) If the PS board is reported to be faulty, replace it
c) If the RMA board is reported to be faulty, replace it
1.2.2. Perform replacement procedure for the PS 1227 board

a) Power down system

b) Make sure you are wearing an ESD chain that is connected to either the
ILS cabinet or some other grounded point
c) Remove old unit
d) Place the new card in the vacant slot and power up the system
e) Turn transmitters on and set the correct transmitter to air (Transmitter 1
to check Power supply 1)
f) Check the monitor readings to verify correct transmitter behavior

1.2.3. Perform replacement procedure for the AC/DC converter

Only authorized maintenance personnel shall be given access to and

perform maintenance on the cabinet.

[Link]. Replacement of BC 1361 K/L

a) Turn of the AC/DC supply unit and disconnect Mains supply plug
from Mains supply socket. Check with multimeter and confirm
that no voltage present on A/C cable.
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b) Disconnect the battery and deactivate the two circuit breakers on top
of the cabinet
c) Open the AC/DC supply unit and disconnect the cables
d) Note where the cables are connected
e) Replace the old converter with a new one
f) Reconnect the AC cables to the converter (do not reconnect the DC
cables)
g) Turn on the A/C and turn on the converter using the switch.
h) Measure the output voltage of the new converter.
i) Turn of the switch on the outside and reconnect the DC cables to the
new converter
j) Reconnect the battery and turn on the cabinet's circuit breaker.
k) Check the configuration details are correct using web configuration
(Please refer section 1.2).
l) Check the monitor readings to verify correct transmitter behavior

Fault Finding

If there is a maintenance warning indication (Battery Warning) for the

external Power Supply, there is a problem with the 27V supply (output), the
rectifier modules or the system is on battery operation (mains fail).

Depending on the configuration of the alarm outputs on the Power Supply,

the Battery Warning will normally be indicated in case of 2 or more of the
redundant rectifier modules in operating parallel are failing. An optional output
can be wired to the ILS cabinet, and will provide a warning if only one of the
rectifier modules is failing in which case the Power Supply is fully operational but
with some reduction in output power headroom.

[Link]. Perform replacement of sub modules in BC 1361K/L

The replacement and configuration procedure for the sub modules of the
BC 1361L/K power supplies are described in 1.2

The sub modules of BC 1361K/L are hot swappable and can be replaced
without removing the input voltage to the power supply.

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Chapter 2

TITLE: Maintenance of Transmitter

Chapter Objective:

With reference, the participants will maintain the NM7000B LLZ/GP

transmitter.

Interim Objectives:

2.1 Describe the ILS transmitter block diagram;

2.2 Perform transmitter alignment;

2.3 Restore the transmitter.

References:
• NORMARC 7013B-14B Instruction Manual and
• NORMARC 7033B-34B Instruction Manual

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2.1. Describe the ILS Transmitter Block Diagram

2.1.1. IQ modulator with Cartesian feedback

• First introduced by D. C. Cox in

-IEEE Transactions on
Communications, vol. 23, no.8,
pages 793-798, August 1975.

• Architecture described by [Link]

-IEE Conference on Radio Spectrum Conservation Techniques,
September 1983, pages 44-49.

Figure 2.1 IQ Modulator with Cartesian Feedback

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2.1.2. Transmitter Block Diagram Description

The transmitter/modulator uses a synthesizer as a RF source. The LF and

ident signals and ident keying are generated and controlled by digital circuits.

Transmitter 1
Monitor 1

LF Oscillator
Monitor Monitor
Monitor LF1576
Frontend MO1820 Transmitter
Input
MF1821 LPA/GPA
Signals
RF Oscillator
OS1706

Remote
Control

Connection
Remote NAV
Interface RMS TX Control Changeover
Control Output
CI1748 RMA1822 TCA1218 Section Signals

Comm
Ports
LF Oscillator
LF1576
Transmitter
Monitor Monitor LPA/GPA
Monitor
Frontend MO1820
Input RF Oscillator
MF1821
Signals OS1706

Monitor 2
Transmitter 2

Figure 2.2 Transmitter Section in ILS Block Diagram

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The transmitter section generates the ILS signal with the required RF power
levels and modulation levels. The section comprises two identical transmitters, TX
1 and TX 2, where one is connected to the antenna, while the other is connected
to dummy loads, acting as a back-up.

The reference signals in the transmitter section are RF signals from the
oscillator OS 1706, and LF modulation signals (90Hz and 150Hz) from the low
frequency generator LF 1576. The LF 1576 also generates the keyed 1020Hz signal
for the LOC Ident. System DC voltages comes from the Power Supply board PS
1227.

In each transmitter, the RF oscillator has separate outputs for Course and
Clearance. These two channels are offset by 10 kHz for LOC and 15 kHz for GP. The
LF Generator also has independent outputs for Course and Clearance.

The LPA 1580 Localizer Power Amplifier Assembly and the GPA 1581 Glide
Path Course Power Amplifier Assembly each contains two feedback-controlled
output amplifiers, one for the CSB signal and one for the SBO signal. GPA 1582
contains one feedback-controlled output amplifier for GP clearance.

Each amplifier is controlled by a "Cartesian Loop" feedback. This employs

separate I and Q (in-phase and quadrature-phase) modulators, demodulators and
integrator stages. The demodulators are fed from a directional coupler in the
amplifier output, and the I, Q feedback loops keeps precise control of output
amplitude and phase. The CSB to SBO RF phase is precisely controlled from 0-360º
by the ratio between the SBO I and SBO Q modulating signals, and the levels of the
combined modulation signals accurately controls RF power, modulation levels and
CSB to SBO power ratio.

The Change Over section has relays to connect the CSB and SBO outputs
from one transmitter to the antenna while the other is connected to dummy loads.
The relays are controlled by a Coax-control signal.

2.1.3. RF Synthesizer

Two versions of RF oscillators are available, OS 1221A/OS 1221B and the

fully compatible replacement OS 1706A/OS 1706B. Present version of NM7000B
ILS uses OS1706A/B.

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[Link]. RF Synthesizer OS 1706A/B

[Link]. Block Description:

FREQUENCY PROGRAMABL
ADJUST E DIVIDERS

X-TAL
OSC
OSC_COU_RF
PHASE
12 dB BPF
DETECTOR LPF VCO RF LEVEL TO
IIC BUS
WINDOW VCO TUNE VOLTAGE TO IIC BUS
COMP.

[Link] LOCK DETECT HISTORY TO IIC BUS

CHANNEL LOCK
SELECT
DETECT
LOCK DETECT TO IIC
[Link] BUS
COU TX ON/OFF

PROGRAMABLE
DIVIDERS
FREQUENCY
ADJUST

OSC_COU_RF
VCO
X-TAL PHASE
12 dB BPF
DETECTOR LPF RF LEVEL TO
IIC BUS
WINDOW VCO TUNE VOLTAGE TO IIC BUS
COMP.
LOCK [Link]
LOCK DETECT HISTORY TO IIC BUS
DETECT LATCH

LOCK DETECT TO IIC BUS

[Link]
CLR Tx ON/OFF

Figure 2.3 OS1706 Block Diagram

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The RF- signal is generated by a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)

controlled by a digital phase locked loop (PLL) IC via a low pass filter. This IC
performs frequency divisions of the signals from the voltage tuned temperature
compensated x-tall oscillator (VTCXO) reference oscillator and the feedback signal
from the VCO by two separate programmable frequency dividers.

A frequency/phase detector inside the IC compares the outputs from the

two dividers and generates an output voltage that will tune the VCO to the
frequency that makes the two inputs to the phase detector to be equal in
frequency and phase. By changing the number of frequency division of the VCO
signal the VCO must change frequency in order to make the inputs to the phase
detector equal. Thus by changing the division number of the VCO feedback signal
the output frequency will be changed and the frequency stability will be equal to
that of the temperature compensated x-tall reference oscillator.

were fref is the frequency of the reference

oscillator, R is the division factor of the reference signal,

N is the division factor of the VCO (output frequency)

The PLL is designed to generate the frequencies to be used by ILS systems.

The positions of the jumpers in the front of the module select the desired ILS
channel, in addition the configuration of one or two frequency systems with the
frequency of the Course signal to be 5 kHz higher than the channel frequency and
the Clearance 5 kHz lower. The frequencies of the COU and CLR signals can also be
configured to be swapped.

A micro-controller reads the position of the straps and converts the

information to appropriate data that are transferred to the PLL IC at power up of
the module. The table of jumper settings for the various frequencies and
configurations is found in Table 7-28.

The signal from the VCO is connected to a dual gate MOS FET amplifier stage
via a PIN diode switch, these two elements form a two stage switch controlled by
the COU_OFF input signal and the Lock Detect signal (see below). A 12dB RF
amplifier and a low-pass complete the RF path.

The PLL IC generates a lock detect (LD) signal that is high when the
frequency of the output signal is correct, if the PLL should go out of lock the LD will
go low and make the output latch- ing of comparator go low. This low signal (LD
history) will turn off the PIN diode switch and the dual gate MOS transistor
amplifier stage resulting in turn off of the RF output signal.

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Should the PLL go into lock again the LD will go high again but due to the
latching function of the comparator the LD history signal will not change and the
RF output will remain shut off. The latching comparator is reset by a negative
transition of COU_OFF input signal and/or turning the power off and on.

The status of the LD and the LD history are read by the IIC expander IC and
transmitted to the RMM system via the IIC bus. Also the status of RF signal level is
available for the RMM.

The module comprises two identical and separate circuits that generate the
course and clear- ance LO signals, only the frequency programming parts are
common.

The PLL is designed to generate the frequencies to be used by ILS systems.

The positions of the jumpers in the front of the module select the desired ILS
channel, in addition the configuration of one or two frequency systems with the
frequency of the Course signal to be 5 kHz (7.5 kHz for GP) higher than the channel
frequency and the Clearance 5 kHz (7.5 kHz for GP) lower. The frequencies of the
COU and CLR signals can also be configured to be swapped.

A micro-controller reads the position of the straps and converts the

information to appropriate data that are transferred to the PLL IC at power up of
the module. The table of jumper settings for the various frequencies and
configurations is found in Table 2-1(LOC) and Table 2-2(GP).

The module comprises two identical and separate circuits that generate the
course and clearance LO signals, only the frequency programming parts are
common.

[Link]. Setting of RF channel

[Link].1. OS 1706A/B Strap settings for LOC/GP systems

On the OS 1706 boards the upper group of straps numbered from 1 to 6 are
used for frequency configuration. Strap no 1 is the bottom strap (when the board
is held as inserted in the cabinet). Straps 1 to 6 will configure the COU and the CLR
frequencies.

Strap 7 and 8 are system configuration straps while strap 9 shall be inserted
(if required) to make an even number of inserted straps.

An “X” character in the table means that the strap must be inserted

The jumper setting for frequency selection is given in table and the same can be
found as a label on the unit (Module).

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An X in the table indicates that the jumper is inserted.

OS 1706A Strap settings for LOC systems

Ch. No LOC freq Straps no 1- 6 ( Channel System

configuration) Configuration
[MHz] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1) 8 2) 9 3)
1 108.1 X X
2 108.15 X X
3 108.3 X X
4 108.35 X X
5 108.5 X X
6 108.55 X X
7 108.7 X X X X
8 108.75 X X
9 108.9 X X
10 108.95 X X
11 109.1 X X X X
12 109.15 X X
13 109.3 X X X X
14 109.35 X X X X
15 109.5 X X X X
16 109.55 X X
17 109.7 X X
18 109.75 X X
19 109.9 X X X X
20 109.95 X X
21 110.1 X X X X
22 110.15 X X X X
23 110.3 X X X X
24 110.35 X X
25 110.5 X X X X
26 110.55 X X X X

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Table 2.1 OS 1706A strap settings for LOC Systems

Ch. No LOC freq Straps no 1- 6 ( Channel System

configuration) Configuration
27 110.7 X X X X
28 110.75 X X X X
29 110.9 X X X X
30 110.95 X X X X
31 111.1 X X X X X X
32 111.15 X X
33 111.3 X X
34 111.35 X X
35 111.5 X X X X
36 111.55 X X
37 111.7 X X X X
38 111.75 X X X X
39 111.9 X X X X
40 111.95 X X

1) Insert strap for single freq. Systems

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2) Insert strap for CLR frequencies higher than COU frequencies

3) Insert strap to make number of straps even

OS 1706B strap settings for GP systems

Ch. No GP freq Straps no 1- 6 ( Channel System

configuration) Configuration
[MHz] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1) 8 2) 9 3)
1 334.7 X X
2 334.55 X X
3 334.1 X X
4 333.95 X X
5 329.9 X X
6 329.75 X X
7 330.5 X X X X
8 330.35 X X
9 329.3 X X
10 329.15 X X
11 331.4 X X X X
12 331.25 X X
13 332.0 X X X X
14 331.85 X X X X
15 332.6 X X X X
16 332.45 X X
17 333.2 X X
18 333.05 X X
19 333.8 X X X X
20 333.65 X X
21 334.4 X X X X
22 334.25 X X X X
23 335.0 X X X X

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Ch. No GP freq Straps no 1- 6 ( Channel System

configuration) Configuration
24 334.85 X X
25 329.6 X X X X
26 329.45 X X X X
27 330.2 X X X X
28 330.05 X X X X
29 330.8 X X X X
30 330.65 X X X X
31 331.7 X X X X X X
32 331.55 X X
33 332.3 X X
34 332.15 X X
35 332.9 X X X X
36 332.75 X X
37 333.5 X X X X
38 333.35 X X X X
39 331.1 X X X X
40 330.95 X X

Table 2.2 OS 1706B strap settings for GP Systems

1) Insert strap for
1 Freq. Systems

2) Insert strap for CLR frequencies higher than COU frequencies

3) Insert strap to make number of straps even

[Link]. Corrective Maintenance of the RF Oscillators OS1706A/B

When a new board is to be put into the system, make sure the new card is
identically configured with the old board.

The frequency of the RF output signal is factory adjusted. To adjust the

frequency turn off the 90, 150, and 1020 Hz modulation tones using the RMM
program, measure the RF frequency at the CSB outlet at the front of the ILS cabinet
and adjust the pot meters in front of the module. The upper potentiometer adjusts
the CLR carrier and the lower the COU carrier.

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The frequency deviations shall be less than 1kHz from the operating
frequency.

Note: When the module is put in TX2 position the frequency is by intention
shifted +300Hz (+900 Hz for GP) to avoid frequency beating between TX1 and
TX2 in hot standby systems.

Remember to turn on the modulation tones after the adjustment is finished.

Please refer article 2.3.1 for module replacement procedure.

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2.1.4. LF Generator LF 1576A

[Link] General description:

LF 1576A provides the audio signals to be modulated onto the carrier signal
in the [Link] levels of the 90Hz, 150Hz, RF level, ident level and ident
Morse code is programmable from the RMS.

The setup for generating the baseband output signals is stored in non-
volatile memory on board, and consists of values in numeric form for all the
frequency components of the signals. The low-frequency output signals are
continuously calculated by the DSP using a formula that takes into account
modulation levels, phase and ident signalling. The user can alter the setup when
logged in with access level 3 (or higher).

[Link] Block diagram:

See Figure 2.4. The block descriptions refer to the names on the block diagram.

[Link].1 Block Description: Digital

This block is composed of all the digital parts of the design (except for the
self-test function)

I/O SYSTEM

The I/O-system basically consists of the FPGA NMP 137, and does the following
tasks:
• Generates status to the IIC INTERFACE (SELFTEST)
• Passes protocol messages between the RMS and the DSP by
converting databetween the RMS bus and the DSP DATA bus
• Limits write access to the memory, so that the DSP cannot alter the
sources for thesignal generation while not allowed by the system
access level of the system
• Generates 30Hz test signal (controlled by the DSP)
• Converts RMS bus data to PA IIC control data (LOCAL DATA BUS on

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block sche-matic) and vice versa

• Calculates Voice and DME control output

PA IIC CTRL, UTILITY

Converts LOCAL DATA BUS from the I/O SYSTEM to PA IIC BUS data, and
vice versa. It alsogenerates 16 digital spare outputs, which again is controlled by
the DSP.

DSP

This block consists of a Digital Signal Processor with supporting circuits. An

oscillator at 32.768 MHz clocks the DSP.

The DSP runs the program NMS 221. The program basically generates the
LF-values sent to the two four-channel DACs in the analog part. This is done by
calculating the frequency com- ponents in real-time based on stored values in
the memory system. The scaling of the fre- quency components and the
behaviour of the analog outputs can be altered by the RMS through a dedicated
RMS-DSP protocol. NMS 221 also generates the 30Hz test signal.

MEMORY

Is the memory in the system, and consists of a FLASH device with the DSP
program NMS 221(loaded at start up), and an EEPROM for storing non-volatile
data. The EEPROM is not per- mitted to be written to unless in access level 3 (see
I/O SYSTEM).

SERIAL (optional)

This is a serial interface used for debugging the software, and is not
present for ordinary pro-duction line boards.

IIC INTERFACE (SELFTEST)

The internal self-test systems are an IIC device with eight inputs. Four of
them are dedicated for the status of the internal voltages (2.5V, 3.3V, 15V and -
15V). The other four inputs are dedicated for the status of the digital system
(DSP alive, RMS alive, DSP Flash memory fail and DSP EEPROM memory fail).
These inputs are read by the RMS on the IIC bus.

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[Link].2 Block Description: Analog

Comprises the analog circuitry of the board (amplifiers, filters etc.) plus the
DAC circuits. In addition a high precision voltage reference is provided.

COU BASEBAND MOD and CLR BASEBAND MOD

• Converts serial data from DSP to the actual signals sent to the
transmitter. Thisincludes:
• Digital to analog conversions for CSB, SBO I and SBO Q
• Mixing of voice signals onto baseband
• Selecting between analog and digital voice input
• Generation of ident signals (filtered from CSB baseband)
COU DAC and CLR DAC

Digital to Analog Converters that converts serial data from the DSP to
actual LF outputs. Theresolution of the DACs used is 14-bits.

VOLT REF (10V)

Reference voltage used by the analog circuitry.

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Figure 2.4 LF 1576A Block Diagram

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[Link] Corrective Maintenance of the LF 1576A

After the board has been replaced, it is important to use RMM software
to upload the correct LF1576-configuration to the ILS. When the LF-configuration
has been correctly uploaded, only minor adjustments should be necessary.

Follow the procedure for initial installation of the transmitter later in this
chapter 2.2.

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2.1.5 Localizer/Glide Path Power Amplifier

[Link] Theory I/Q modulator

The principle behind the IQ modulator (In-phase, Quadrature-phase) is to

use two baseband signals (I and Q) to change the amplitude and phase of a
sinusoidal carrier signal in response to the instantaneous I and Q channel voltages.

The main blocks of an IQ modulator are the two mixers where the I-signal is
multiplied with the sinusoidal signal from the RF oscillator and the Q-signal
multiplied with the same signal but shifted 90°.

Figure 2.5 I/Q Modulator 45 degree

The result is then summed to form the RF output signal.

The Figure 2.5 above shows the function of the modulator when I-signal =
Q-signal. In this case the phase of the RF output signal will be 45°.

The amplitude of the signal depends on the I and Q signals. If the I-signal/

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Q-signal are kept as 1*cos / sin function of the desired angle respectively, the
output will have the same amplitude as the signal from the RF oscillator.

I = cos 45 = 0.7071

Q = sin 45 = 0.7071

The Figure 2.6 below shows an example where the output phase is 255
degrees.

Figure 2.6 I/Q Modulator 255 degree

Figure 2.6 I/Q Modulator 255 degree

I = cos 255 = -0.259

Q = sin 255 = -0.966

If we use an I and Q signal formed as a baseband of a CSB and feed it to both

mixers, the situation will be as shown in Figure 2.7. The result will be an AM
modulated signal (CSB) where the RF phase is locked to 45 degrees.

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Figure 2.7 CSB Modulator

The same principal is used to generate a SBO signal. To be able to adjust the
RF phase of the SBO, with respect to the RF phase of the CSB, two independent (I-
and Q-signals) are needed. By changing the amplitude of the two baseband signals
it is possible to shift the RF phase of the output from 0 to 360 degrees.

Figure 2.8 SBO Modulator

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[Link] Theory I/Q demodulator

The IQ demodulator is built around the same principles as the modulator.

Here the incoming signal is the carrier. This is split into two and then one part is
multiplied with sinusoidal signal from the RF oscillator directly and other multiplied
with the same signal but shifted 90°.

After the mixer the two signals are low pass filtered so that we end up with
only the DC-component of the signals.

These DC-components will then represent the phase and amplitude of the
incoming signal and can be used as feedback signals to correct the modulation
signals in the modulator.

Figure 2.9 I/Q Demodulator

[Link] LPA 1580A Localizer Power Amplifier Assembly

The Localizer Power Amplifier Assembly LPA 1580A consists of CB 1579A

and PA 1577A mounted together as shown in the Figure 2.9 and 2.10.

The LPA 1580A receives RF signals and LF signals from the OS1706A
Oscillator and LF 1576A low frequency generator respectively. The outputs from
the LPA 1580A are carrier sideband (CSB) signal and sideband only (SBO) signal.

Detected samples of the CSB and SBO signals are available on the BNC
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connectors on the front panel. Power measurements and status signals are
interfaced to the RMS.

Figure 2.10 LPA 1580/GPA1581 Assembly

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CSB Power
Amplifier

SBO Power
Amplifier

PA1577A

Control
Board

CB1579A

Figure 2.11 LPA 1580 Assembly

[Link] GPA 1581A GP COU Power Amplifier Assembly and GPA 1582A GP
CLR Power Amplifier Assembly

The Glide Path Power Amplifier Assembly GPA 1581A consists of CB 1601A
and PA 1578A mounted together as shown on Figure 2-9. The GPA 1582A consists
of CB 1601B and PA 1578B.

The GPA 1581A and GPA 1582A receives RF signals and LF signals from the
OS1706B Oscillator and LF 1576A low frequency generator respectively. The
outputs from the GPA 1581A are carrier sideband (CSB) signal and sideband only
(SBO) signal. GPA 1582A is used for GP CLR and only comprises the CSB path.

Detected samples of the CSB and SBO signals are available on the BNC
connectors on the front panel. Power measurements and status signals are

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interfaced to the RMS.

Block diagram of LPA 1580A and GPA 1581A are alike except for the working
frequency.

The only difference of GPA 1581A from GPA1582A is that GPA 1582 will not
have SBO Amplifier section. We will discuss only LPA 1580 and the same applies to
GPA 1581A and GPA 1582A.

Description of LPA block operation:

The CSB input signal is supplied to both I and Q inputs in the CSB amplifier.
In the SBO amplifier, separate inputs are used for I and Q to allow phase
adjustment of the SBO signal.

The difference between the modulating I and Q signals and the feedback
signals is amplified through the Error amplifier. The I and Q error signals are mixed
with an in-phase and a quadrature LO signal in the Modulator. LP filtering is applied
to remove harmonic mixer products. The resulting RF signal is then amplified to a
suitable signal level for the PA input. A forward coupled signal from the directional
coupler at the PA output is BP filtered at the Demodulator input. The RF signal is
then mixed with an in-phase and a quadrature LO signal. LP filtering is applied on
the resulting I and Q baseband signals to remove residual RF. DC offset is
eliminated from I and Q feedback signals before they are subtracted from the I and
Q input signals.

This effectively forms a control loop that tracks and eliminates amplitude
and phase errors made by the PA, although a small error will always be present.
This linearization technique is known as Cartesian Feedback.

Block description:

AGC and splitter

The AGC ensures that the modulators and demodulators are supplied with
a constant LO signal independent of the oscillator output level. The AGC has a
dynamic range of approximately 6dB. The splitters first split the modulator and
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demodulator paths, and then split each in CSB and SBO paths.

Phase control

 MOSFET based phase compensator with 270 degrees of phase adjustment

 The phase shift is obtained by changing the voltage across a varicap,

controlled from the IIC bus

 The phase shifted LO signal is buffered with a second FET stage and a gain
block. Hence the proper signal level and isolation is obtained

 The uncompensated branch is buffered with a gain block only

 Buffering of LO signal to give sufficient LO level, and give isolation between

the modulator and demodulator LO inputs

Error amplifier

 The difference between I/Q signals and I/Q feedback signals is amplified and
fed to the I/Q modulator and to the Maint. Monitor (I-drive, Q-drive)

 Differential inputs eliminates DC offset on the baseband signal

 A precision Op Amp with sufficient bandwidth compared to required loop

bandwidth has been deployed as error amp. The op-amp operates as an
integrator

 Switches are included for open-loop and unity gain settings in the alignment
process, controlled by the IIC bus

 In the CSB path I-off and Q-off signals allow adjustment of the I-path and Q-
path separately, controlled by the IIC bus

 Protection mechanism for high VSWR and high temperature power down.
Attenuation of the input signal to the error-amplifier to turn off the PA
output, in case of high VSWR or temperature

 Protection mechanism to delay the loop gain until the PA is fully powered

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Modulator

 Direct modulation by means of Gilbert-cell mixers. Baseband and LO input,

modulated RF output.

 The LO to the I and Q modulators is provided by a 90º hybrid.

PA

 Input power: 6 dBm

 The CSB amplifier uses a driver stage with 2 RF mosfet transistors, and an
output stage with one push-pull double RF mosfet transistor. The SBO
amplifier uses 2 RF mosfets

 The CSB amplifier for GP CLR uses 2 RF mosfets

 A hybrid coupler is located on the PA board. Forward coupled signal is

attenuated and split to a monitor output and to the feedback loop. Reverse
coupled signal is detected on the PA board. Reverse signal controls VSWR
power down switches on the Error amp board

Splitter/attenuators

A resistive splitter splits the forward coupled signal in one path to the
demodulator and one path to the power measurement and test connector circuits

Demodulator

 Direct demodulation by means of Gilbert-cell mixers. RF and LO input,

baseband out- put.

 The LO to the I and Q demodulators is provided by a 90º hybrid.

 DC offset adjustment eliminates DC offset from the I and Q demodulator

output in the feedback loop.

 Gain adjustment to set equal gain in I and Q paths.

 The circuit is composed of Op-amps and digital controlled variable resistors.

The variable resistors are controlled through an IIC bus.

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 Low-pass filters on the output of the demodulator to prevent RF overload of

the base- band sections.

Maintenance circuits

 An 8-input A/D converter measures forward and reverse power in the CSB
and SBO outputs. It also reads the I and Q drive level to the modulators
(normal operation) or the output from the demodulators (test mode)

 A temperature sensor IC provide temperature measurements, and also can

provide an over-temperature signal to the error amplifier

 The measurements are sent to the RMS system through the IIC bus

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Figure 2.12 LPA 1580 CSB Block diagram

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Figure 2.13 LPA 1580 SBO Block diagram

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2.1.6 Corrective Maintenance of the Power Amplifier

Field adjustment of the transmitter may normally only be necessary in the

following situations:

1) Installing a new system

2) Changing channel frequency of existing system

3) Replacing a faulty unit

The following procedure describes how the LPA/GPA modules should be

checked/aligned if a major discrepancy is observed. It may be necessary to carry
out the procedure during the installation phase of a new installation, if the channel
frequency of the system is being changed or when a replacement module is put
into the system.

At the end of the procedure there is also a description describing how to set
system parameters as DDM, SDM CSB/SBO phase even if these parameter
adjustments really are system adjustments and will normally be done during
antenna system alignment.

All adjustments are to be accessed via the RMM program logged in as level
3 user or higher.

The alignments are to be carried out both for CSB and for SBO. The
parameters to read and adjust for the SBO transmitter are given in brackets after
the CSB parameter.

[Link] Loop Phase Optimization

NOTE: On GPA 1581A modules with serial no. above 1127 and GPA 1582A
with serial no. above 1030 loop phase is preset from the factory and
shall not be adjusted.

Explanation:

Provide optimal (symmetrical) operating point for the phase/amplitude

feedback signal into the Error Amplifier.

1) Open Transmitter settings window.

2) Select PA Adj. tab.

3) Select Transmitter TX1 COU or TX2 COU.

4) Select Loop phase tab.

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5) Click Enable test mode.

6) Observe Demodulator CSB/SBO angle measurements, they shall be -135°

±10°.

Figure 2.14 Loop Phase Optimization

If the angle range is outside the range, adjust the value for CSB (SBO) Loop
until the angle is within the range given in the adjustment range.

7) For adjustment double click on CSB (SBO) Loop Phase or select the
parameter by clicking on it and then click the Edit button.

8) Deactivate the Enable Test mode.

[Link] CSB Offset Adjustment

This adjustment will cancel demodulator dc offsets, i.e. provide zero dc

output signal with no RF input signal to the demodulator. In the CSB transmitter
set a balanced CSB signal.

a) Connect a LF oscilloscope to CSB BNC test connector on the transmitter

being aligned. Observe the normal demodulated CSB waveform

b) Set oscilloscope input mode to DC

c) Select Offset tab

1) Select the transmitter

2) Click Enable test mode and enable the I signal

3) Observe feedback message: Q off

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4) Adjust until the waveform is correct

Figure 2.15 Demodulated CSB waveform

d) Observe on the scope that the normal CSB waveform has changed to a
lower level single tone demodulated pattern. (Expand the scope level).

Figure 2.16 CSB Offset Adjustment

e) If the peak values levels are not equal, double click on CSB OFFSET I and
adjust the value until the peak levels are equal.
f) Close the adjustments window.
g) When finished with the I-signal, click on Q-signal radio button.
h) Observe that text changes to I- Off.
i) If the peak values levels are not equal, double click on CSB OFFSET Q and
adjust the value until the peak levels are equal.
j) Close the adjustments window.

[Link] Offset adjustment SBO (N/A for GP CLR Transmitter)

This adjustment will cancel demodulator DC offsets, i.e. provide zero DC

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output signal with no RF input signal to the demodulator. In the SBO transmitter
set a balanced SBO signal.

a) Move the oscilloscope to the SBO BNC test connector on the transmitter
and observe the normal demodulated SBO waveform
b) Select the Offset tab
1) Select the transmitter under test.
2) Click Enable test mode and click on I-signal radio button
3) Observe feedback message: Q off
4) Adjust until the waveform is correct

Figure 2.17 SBO Offset Adjustment (N/A for Clearance)

c) Look for the smallest level peaks. If the peak values levels are not equal,
double click on SBO OFFSET I and adjust the value until the peak levels are
equal.

d) Close the adjustments window.

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Figure 2.18 Demodulated SBO waveform

When finished with the I-signal, activate the Q-signal and observe that text
changes to I-Off.
e) If the peak values levels are not equal, double click on SBO OFFSET Q and
adjust the value until the peak levels are equal.
f) Close the adjustments window.
g) Deactivate the Enable Test mode.

[Link] Calibrate internal power measurements

Figure 2.19 Power Calibration

a) Connect a calibrated power meter to the CSB (SBO) output of the Cabinet.
b) Switch on TX to air.
c) Select Power tab. If the displayed value differs from the external power
meter value, adjust CSB forward Power (SBO forward Power) scaling
factor.

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2.1.7 Changeover Unit CO 1837/ CO 1838

[Link] General Description:

CO 1837B (LOC) and CO 1838B / CO 1838C (GP) are Changeover modules

used to connect one transmitter to the antenna and one transmitter to dummy
load in the NORMARC 7000B ILS. The units also include outputs for monitoring
purposes.

They are located at the back of the rack, above the transmitter's power
amplifiers LPA/GPA. The changeover units consists of PIN diodes for RF switching,
each switch comprises 12 PIN diodes. Within there are also integrated couplers for
monitoring and signal combiner for DS/ CLR readout for the standby monitor.

The Changeover module consists of one basic design which is reused in the
different configurations, by one or two modules in one rack. Depending on LOC or
GP they will be differently populated.

[Link].1 LOC:

CO 1837B consists of switches that switches the Tx1 to air and Tx2 to
dummy or opposite. On two frequency systems, two units are used. Each unit has
4 inputs, 2 for CSB and 2 for SBO.

The units generates DS/CLR signals for hot standby monitor.

[Link].2 GP:

CO 1838B consists of switches that switches the course Tx1 to air and course
Tx2 to dummy or opposite. There are 4 inputs, 2 for CSB and 2 for SBO. The units
generates DS signal for hot standby monitor.

CO 1838C consists of one switch that switches the CLR CSB Tx1 to air and
Tx2 to dummy or opposite. There are 2 inputs for the CSB. The units generates CLR
signal for hot standby monitor.

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[Link] CO 1837B/CO 1838B only

Figure 2.20 Block schematic for CO 1837B and CO 1838B

After the switch (Switch 1), the main CSB signal is routed to the antenna
output (J6) through a dual directional coupler (Coupler 2). The coupling in all the
couplers on the unit are 32dB for LOC and 22dB for GP. One of the coupled signals
(J7) is taken to the CSB test connector on the front of the cabinet. The other signal
from the directional coupler is attenuated and routed to the NF channel (J5) on the
standby monitor. This signal is used as an additional maintenance monitoring of
the main transmitters CSB signal.

The standby CSB signal is going through a dual directional coupler (Coupler
1) before it is terminated in a 50 ohm dummy load (J9). On hot standby localizers,
the dummy load is mounted on the top of the cabinet to improve the heat
dissipation. On the rest of the cabinets, the dummy load is mounted directly on the
J9 connector.

The main SBO signal is after the switch (Switch 2) routed to the antenna
output (J11). The standby SBO signal is going to an internal 50 ohm dummy load
after the directional coupler (Coupler 3). Due to the low power on the SBO, no
external dummy load is needed.

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[Link] CO 1838C

Figure 2.21 Block schematic for CO 1838C

The CO 1838C consist only of the switch to the GP CSB CLR signal.

After the switch (Switch 1), the main CLR CSB signal is routed to the antenna
output (J6) through a directional coupler (Coupler 2). The coupled signals (J7) is
taken to the CLR CSB test connector on the front of the cabinet.

The standby CLR CSB signal is going through a directional coupler (Coupler
1) before it is terminated in a 50-ohm dummy load (J9).

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Figure 2.22 Co-axial cable Connection in the cabinet

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2.2. Perform Transmitter Alignment

Initial Installation

On commissioning and annual maintenance, the parameters below have to

be verified.

1. RF Frequency check

2. RF output level (output power)

3. LF phase check

4. SDM adjustment

5. DDM adjustment

6. CSB/SBO phase adjustment

7. Ident Morse code (LOC only)

8. Ident Modulation adjustment (LOC only)

9. Flight Check values setting

2.2.1. RF Frequency
[Link]. Course Transmitter Frequency

a) Switch on Course TX1.

b) Connect the Frequency Counter to CSB COU test connector on the

ventilation cover via a 50 ohm test cable. (Use 50 ohm input port of the
counter)

c) If necessary (if the instrument give a unstable measurement) switch off the
90 Hz and 150 Hz modulation through the RMM Program or the Local
Display and Keyboard

d) Table 2.3 is given to calculate the frequency.

System LOC Course LOC Clearance GP Course GP Clearance

Single frequency ILS Channel N/A ILS Channel N/A
Dual frequency (ILS ch. +5kHz) (ILS ch. -5kHz) (ILS ch. (ILS ch. -7.5kHz)
±0.002% ±0.002% +7.5kHz) ±0.002%
±0.002%

Table 2.3 Frequency Calculation

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e) OS 1706:
• The frequency of the RF output signal is factory adjusted.
• To adjust the frequency, turn off the 90, 150, and 1020 Hz modulation
tones using the RMM program.
• Measure the RF frequency at the CSB outlet at the front of the ILS cabinet
and adjust the pot meters in front of the module.
• The upper potentiometer adjusts the CLR carrier and the lower the COU
carrier.
• The frequency deviations shall be less than 1kHz from the operating
frequency

Note! When the module is put in TX2 position the frequency is by intention
shifted 300Hz (LOC) 900Hz (GP) downwards to avoid frequency beating
between TX1 and TX2 in hot standby systems.

f) Turn on the modulation tones after the adjustment is finished.

[Link]. Clearance Transmitter Frequency

a) Switch on Clearance TX1

b) Connect the Frequency Counter to CSB CLR test connector on the

ventilation cover via a 50-ohm test cable. (Use 50-ohm input port of the
counter)

c) If necessary (if the instrument give a unstable measurement) switch off the
90 Hz and 150 Hz modulation through the RMM Program or the Local
Display and Keyboard

d) Table 2.3 is given to calculate the frequency

e) Repeat the measurements for Clearance TX2

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2.2.2. RF Output Level

a) Open Transmitter settings window. Select Signal adj. tab.

b) Select the COU RF parameter for the transmitter to be adjusted.

c) Open

Figure 2.23 Transmitter Settings

Maintenance measurements window.

d) Observe the CSB forward power for the transmitter.

e) Adjust COU (CLR) RF until the correct output power is achieved.

Figure 2.24 CSB Forward Power Readout in Maintenance window

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[Link]. Initial setup

Nomin Range
LOC Course 20alW 5 - 25 W
LOC Clearance 20 W 5 - 25W
GP Course 6W 3-8W
GP Clearance 0.6 W 0.1 - 1 W

Table 2.4 Nominal RF Level

[Link]. Replacement

a) Adjust the COU (CLR) RF of the new transmitter until the RF level readings
are within +/- 0.02W of the other transmitter.

2.2.3. LF Phase Check

a) Connect oscilloscope channel A to the BNC test connector labeled CSB

located on LPA / GPA Course TX1

b) Set oscilloscope input mode to DC

c) If adjustment is necessary, set the RMM program to “Factory mode”

(File/Preferences) and open the Transmitter settings window

d) Adjust COU 90 Hz phase in the RMM program (Transmitter setting/signal

adj.) observing oscilloscope channel A until the waveform equals left hand
graph in Figure 2-24

e) A significant indication of correct LF phase is that the pair of the

intermediate peaks are equal in amplitude.

f) For two- frequency LOC, repeat for CLR 90 Hz phase

g) Deselect factory mode after adjustment.

Figure 2.25 CSB Curve for LF Phase adjustment

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Figure 2.26 LF Phase Adjustment only available in factory mode

2.2.4. SDM Adjustment

a) Open Transmitter settings window. Select Signal adj. tab.

b) Select the parameter for the transmitter to be adjusted.

[Link]. Initial Installation

a) Connect a calibrated DDM-meter / PIR to the relevant test BNC jack on the
ventilation cover.

b) Observe the measured SDM.

c) Adjust COU (CLR) SDM until the correct SDM measurement is achieved

[Link]. Replacement

a) Open Monitor Measurements and observe CL (CLR) SDM reading.

b) Change between the transmitter 1 and 2 and compare the SDM reading.

c) Adjust the COU (CLR) SDM of the new transmitter until the SDM readings
are within +/- 0.02%SDM of the other transmitter.

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Figure 2.27 SDM adjustment

2.2.5. DDM Adjustment

a) Open Transmitter settings window. Select Signal adj. tab.

b) Select the parameter for the transmitter to be adjusted.

Figure 2.28 DDM adjustment

[Link]. Initial Installation

a) Connect a calibrated DDM-meter / PIR to the relevant test BNC jack on the
ventilation cover.

b) Observe the measured DDM.

c) Adjust COU (CLR) DDM until the correct DDM measurement is achieved.

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[Link]. Replacement

a) Open Monitor Measurements and observe CL (CLR) DDM reading.

b) Adjust the COU (CLR) DDM of the new transmitter until the DDM readings
are within +/- 0.5µA of the other transmitter.

2.2.6. CSB / SBO phase adjustment

The SBO phase can be adjusted via two different windows.

1. Open Transmitter settings window. Select Signal adj. tab

OR
2. Open Flight Check window

The first is preferred for LOC while the second must be used for GP since
phasing of GP requires inserting of 90 degree stub.

See individual adjustment procedures for:

Localizer antenna system 3.2.3 of Chapter 3 Module 4

Glide Path antenna system 4.3.1 of Chapter 4 of Module 4

2.2.7. Course Sector adjustment, replacement

Preliminary adjustment procedures for Localizer and Glide Path on

installation is described in article 3.2.4 and 4.2.8 respectively. (See Localizer 3.2.4
and Glide Path 4.2.8)

When replacing a transmitter the following procedure is used:

Adjust the SBO level of the new transmitter until the DDM readings are
within +/- 0.5µA of the other transmitter.

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Figure 2.29 SBO Level adjustment

2.2.8. Ident Morse Code Setting (Localizer only)

a) Open the Transmitter Settings window in the RMM-software and click

"Signal adj."

b) Scroll down and set the wanted Morse code.

2.2.9. Adjust Ident Modulation depth (Localizer only)

a) Connect the PIR to the COU or CLR CSB BNC test connector in the Cabinet's
Change-over section/ventilation cover. (If necessary insert a 20-dB
attenuator at the input of the PIR in order to avoid overloading).

b) By setting the IDENT to "Continuous" the receiver will be able to measure

IDENT modulation depth.

c) The modulation dept should be calibrated to 10% +/- 0,1% depth by

adjusting COU 1020 Hz level (CLR 1020 Hz level) from the RMM Program
or the Local Display/Keyboard.

2.2.10. Flight Check value setting

a) The values in the Flight Check window will normally be set during the
Commissioning flights to give signal values that correspond to the alarm
limits.

b) To set the signal values, open the Flight Check window; select the
transmitter on air (Tx1|Tx2) and Alarm limit check. Set values as required
for alarm limit checks.

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Figure 2.30 Flight Value Setting

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2.3. Modules replacement procedure

2.3.1. OS 1706 replacement

[Link]. PREPARATIONS:

Power down system. Remove old unit. Write down the strap settings of the
old OS 1706A (LOC) or OS 1706B (GP) card and make sure the new card is identically
configured.

Please refer to Table 2.1 and 2.2 to verify the frequency selection. If an
illegal combination of strap positions is set the error LED will light when the power
is turned on.

Note: That for improved TX1/TX2 channel isolation, OS 1706 #2 shall be set up with
the COU/CLR frequency offsets reversed by inserting configuration strap #8 (COU
below nominal channel frequency, CLR above nominal channel frequency)

[Link]. ADJUSTMENT:

The frequency of the RF output signal is factory adjusted. To adjust the

frequency turn off the 90, 150, and 1020 Hz modulation tones using the RMM
program, measure the RF frequency at the CSB outlet at the front of the ILS cabinet
and adjust the pot meters in front of the module. The upper potentiometer adjusts
the CLR carrier and the lower the COU carrier.

The frequency deviations shall be less than 1kHz from the operating
frequency.

Note! When the module is put in TX2 position the frequency is by intention
shifted +300Hz (LOC) 900Hz (GP) downwards to avoid frequency
beating between TX1 and TX2 in hot standby systems.

Remember to turn on the modulation tones after the adjustment is finished.

[Link]. CHECK:

Use the RMM program to check the maintenance parameters for the OS
module.

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2.3.2. Perform replacement procedures for the LF 1576 board

[Link]. PREPARATIONS:

Power down the system. Remove the old unit and place the new unit on an
extender board.

[Link]. ADJUSTMENT:

Turn on transmitters. It is important to use RMM software to upload LF

1576-configuration to the ILS. When the LF-configuration has been correctly
uploaded, only minor adjustments should be necessary.

[Link]. CHECK:

a) Make sure the ILS is operating in normal state (transmitters on) and check
that all Monitor parameters are normal.

b) Check the maintenance parameters for the replaced LF 1576 board.

c) Check waveforms as described in equipment manual for all transmitters.

2.3.3. Perform replacement procedures for the LPA 1580/GPA 1581/GPA

1582
[Link]. PREPARATIONS:

Power down the system. Remove old unit and place the new unit in cabinet.

[Link]. ADJUSTMENT:

Turn on transmitters. Follow the procedure below to check/re-adjust the

transmitters.

[Link].1. Adjustment of the I Q ILS transmitter

Field adjustment of the transmitter may normally only be necessary in the

following situations:

a) Installing a new system

b) Changing channel frequency of existing system

c) Replacing a faulty unit

The following procedure describes how the LPA/GPA modules should be

checked/aligned if a major discrepancy is observed. It may be necessary to carry
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out the procedure during the installation phase of a new installation, if the channel
frequency of the system is being changed or when a replacement module is put
into the system.

At the end of the procedure there is also a description describing how to set
system parameters as DDM, SDM CSB/SBO phase even if these parameter
adjustments really are system adjustments and will normally be done during
antenna system alignment.

[Link].2. Detailed alignment of LPA/GPA module.

All adjustments is to be accessed via the RMM program logged in as level 3

user or higher.

The alignments are to be carried out both for CSB and for SBO. The
parameters to read and adjust for the SBO transmitter are given in brackets after
the CSB parameter.

Perform Corrective Maintenance described in article 2.1.8.

Perform Initial installation replacement procedure described in article 2.2.

[Link]. CHECK:

Check waveforms as described in article 2.1.8.

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Chapter 3

TITLE: Maintenance of the Monitor

Chapter Objective:

With Reference, The Participants will be able to maintain ILS

NM70XXB3 Monitoring System.

Interim Objectives:

3.1. Describe the monitor block diagram

3.2 Perform monitor alignment

3.3 Restore the monitor

References:

 NORMARC 7013B-14B Instruction Manual and

 NORMARC 7033B-34B Instruction Manual

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3.1. Monitors Block Diagram Description

Transmitter 1
Monitor 1

LF Oscillator
Monitor
Monitor LF1576
Frontend Transmitter
Input Monitor
MF1821A LPA/GPA
Signals MO1820A
RF Oscillator
OS1706

Remote
Control

Connection
Remote NAV
Interface RMS TX Control Changeover
Control Output
CI1748 RMA1822A TCA1218 Section
Signals

Comm
Ports
LF Oscillator
LF1576
Transmitter
Monitor LPA/GPA
Monitor
Frontend
Input RF Oscillator
MF1821A Monitor
Signals OS1706
MO1820A

Monitor 2
Transmitter 2

Figure.3.1 Monitor Section in ILS Block Diagram.

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FSK Signals Serial data

fm FFM FI1392 FFM Control -1 Data Bus
FC1927A/FC1391A Digital Signals
NM7720z
Multiplexed Digital Signals
Alarm Data Station
NF Maint Data Monitor 1 M1-SC controller
RF Signals Splitter Sync Alarm Bus Control
from MCU Monitor 1 MO1820A
CL Clock Signals to
MF1821A
Splitter I2C M1-TRM TX & Coax,
Alarm Bus
Relays
DC LOOP
CI 1748A
from ADU
(Analogue Signal)
M2-SC
Monitor 2 Transmitter
CLR Alarm Bus
Splitter Monitor 2 MO1820A Control
RF Signals
MF1821A M2-TRM
from MCU TCA1218C
DS Alarm Bus
Splitter
Terminator
Data Bus Control
FFM Control -2
Serial data FC1927A/1391A Signals
DC/DC
Standby Mon StBy M-SC
Alarm Bus
Converter
RF Signals
MO1820A PS1227
from Standby Mon
StBy M-TRM
StdBy TX MF1821A
Alarm Bus
Main TX CSB

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Figure.3.2 CAT-III Monitor Block Diagram.
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Figure.3.3 Monitor Section Block Diagram.

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3.1.1. Overview

The monitor section's main task is to generate alarms if a transmitter fails.

The alarm signals are interpreted by the station control section which decides
whether to change transmitter or to shut the ILS signals down. Warning
information is treated by the RMS.
The signal splitters at the back of the cabinet split the incoming signals from
the MCU in two equal parts. One part to each of the two Monitor Frontend boards
(MF 1821A).
In the Monitor Frontend the correct RF LOC/GP band-pass filter is selected
depending on the setting of the module. The RF signals are then under-sampled to
extract the envelopes of the incoming RF signals. The digital samples are then used
to calculate DDM, SDM and RF level. In addition, the Ident level/code, DF (i.e.
frequency equal to the difference between the Course and the Clearance RF
frequencies) and various maintenance parameters are calculated.
From the Monitor Frontend all the measured parameter values are sent to
the Monitor board (MO 1820A) board in serial form.
The Monitor board continues to calculate the average of the measured
parameters, compares the values with the alarm limits that are stored on the
board, and raises the alarm flag if any parameter is outside its tolerance and the
alarm delay time has elapsed.

To increase the reliability of the system there are two independent

comparators built into the board. One is used for raising the alarm flag and creating
the Alarm Bus for the Station Controller and a separate one is used for the
Terminator. The Station Controller and Terminator are both part of the next board
in the monitor chain the Transmitter Controller board (TCA 1218C).
In addition, the Monitor board comprises the circuitry for antenna DC-LOOP
generation and detection and it also has an interface to the RMS bus (i.e. the data
bus going to the RMA 1822A board) for making it possible to read parameters and
see statuses. The RMS bus is also used for configuring the board.
The board has also been designed with a special FPGA-independent self-test
circuitry that is used at regular maintenance intervals for checking the integrity of
the board. Voltage monitoring circuitry is also part of the board.

The Transmitter Controller board (TCA1218A) interpret the alarm signals

from the two monitors and decides whether to change transmitter or to shut down
the ILS signals.
The Transmitter Controller can turn off the transmitter in two different ways.
The Station Controller part of the board stops the RF oscillator while the
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Terminator removes the +27V To the Power Amplifier by controlling a relay on the
PS 1227 boards.
On a Hot Stand-by system (Cat III) there is a third monitor monitoring the
signals from the transmitter that are not going to the antenna system. The CL
channel in this monitor is fed directly from the CSB, the DS channel is a mix of the
CSB and SBO for the course transmitter and the CLR is a mix of the CSB and SBO of
the CLR transmitter.
The NF channel in the stand-by monitor is used to monitor the CSB of the
transmitter going to the antenna system.
3.1.2. MF 1821A Monitor Front-end
[Link]. General Description:
The MF 1821A module contain four identical analog RF frontends (CL,
NF, DS and CLR) each consisting of two parallel RF band-pass-filters for LOC and
GP, respectively. The LOC/GP-bit that selects the LOC or GP filter is stored in on-
board config flash and can be altered from the RMM program.
For each frontend the RF filtered signal is fed into a transformer
followed by a 12-bit AD converter. The AD converters use under sampling to
extract the envelope of the AM signal. The sampling frequency is 90 MHz for LOC
and 120 MHz for GP. The digitized envelope is fed into the FPGA on the MF-board.
The FPGA contain four Signal Processing Units (SPU) that extract the
90 and 150 Hz modulation levels, DC levels representing RF power and
maintenance data like voice, noise and 90/150Hz harmonics for the four
monitored channels. After the SPU's, still inside the FPGA, the SDM, DDM and RF
level is calculated, as well as ident level/code, difference frequency and various
maintenance parameters. The primary (monitor) and secondary (maintenance)
parameters are multiplexed and sent to the MO 1820A Monitor board.
3.1.3. MO 1820A Monitor
[Link]. General Description:
The monitor module MO 1820A receives primary and maintenance
parameter data from the monitor front-end MF 1821A and the FFM, and in
addition comprises circuitry for antenna DC loop generation and detection. The
module features an FPGA which processes all input parameters and provides the
monitor comparator function for station control. A separate CPLD is providing the
compare and alarm generation for the terminator. The FPGA interfaces to the RMS
bus for parameter/status readout and module configuration. The module contains
FPGA-independent self-test circuitry and voltage monitoring.
.

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3.1.4. CO 1837B/CO 1838B (Hot Standby Monitoring)

Figure 3.4 Block Schematic of CO1837B/1838B.

After the switch (Switch 1), the main CSB signal is routed to the antenna
output (J6) through a dual directional coupler (Coupler 2). The coupling in all the
couplers on the unit are 32dB for LOC and 22dB for GP. One of the coupled signals
(J7) is taken to the CSB test connector on the front of the cabinet. The other signal
from the directional coupler is attenuated and routed to the NF channel (J5) on the
standby monitor. This signal is used as an additional maintenance monitoring of
the main transmitters CSB signal.
The standby CSB signal is going through a dual directional coupler (Coupler
1) before it is terminated in a 50 ohm dummy load (J9).
One of the signal from the Coupler 1 is attenuated and used as a CL monitor
signal (J8) for the standby monitor. The other signal is combined with the standby
SBO signal to generate DS/CLR signal for the standby monitor.
The main SBO signal is after the switch (Switch 2) routed to the antenna
output (J11). The standby SBO signal is going to an internal 50 ohm dummy load
after the directional coupler (Coupler 3). The coupled standby SBO signal is
combined with the standby CSB signal to generate DS/CLR signal for the standby
monitor.
To get a correct DS/CLR signal for the standby monitor, the RF phase of the
standby CSB and the standby SBO have to be in phase to each other before they
are combined. This is achieved by the two phase delays, Φ1 and Φ2. For LOC Φ1 is
0° and Φ2 is -90°. For GP both phase delays Φ1 and Φ2 are -90°. In addition, the
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attenuators (Att 3, 4, 5 and 6) are used to get the correct DDM value of the signal
to the standby monitor.
𝐸𝑆𝐵𝑂
DDM=2
𝐸𝐶𝑆𝐵

DDM expressed in absolute value, ESBO and ECSB given in relative voltage
values. The adjustable attenuator R4 is provided for accurately setting of the
DS/CLR DDM value.
3.1.5. CO 1838C (Hot standby Monitoring)

The signal from the Coupler 1 is attenuated and used as a CLR monitor signal
(J8) for the standby monitor.

Figure 3.5 Block Schematic of CO1838C.

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Figure.3.6 Co-axial connections for 7014B

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Figure.3.7 Co-axial connections for 7034B

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3.2. Perform Monitor Alignment

The alignment of the monitor should be carried out after an alignment of the
transmitter and antenna system is carried out. It is expected that the signals from
the MCU are all calibrated and correct.
Test Equipment required:
• Oscilloscope, general purpose
• PIR e.g. 7710 Field Test Set (with 20dB attenuator)
• BNC Test Cable

• Digital Voltmeter, 4 digits, DC

3.2.1. Step-by-step adjustment procedure

Below follows a step-by-step procedure for setting up the monitors from

scratch.
[Link]. LOC/GP selection:

The monitors must be set up as LOC or GP. This parameter can be found from
the menu:ILS settings -> Monitoring -> Monitor configuration.

Figure.3.8 Monitors settings Window

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The value is stored on the MF boards. Please set "MONx TYPE_GP" to LOC
(0) or GP (1),depending on type of system. This will select the either LOC or GP RF
filter on the MF [Link] for both or all three monitors.

Figure.3.9 Equipment type selection tab

[Link]. Frequency settings:

This parameter can be found from the menu: ILS settings->Monitoring-

>Monitor configuration.

The value is stored on the MF board. Select channel 1-40 to match the
frequency of the [Link] frequencies are as defined in ICAO Annex 10, volume 1,
fifth edition, with the LOC frequencies listed in ascending order with the matched
GP frequency. Repeat for both or all three monitors.

Figure.3.10 Frequency selection tab

Note: Channels 0 and 41 are for test purposes only and shall not be used.

[Link]. RF level adjustment and alarm limits:

RF level nominal value: The RF level shall be adjusted to 0dB in the RMM
program (corresponding to 3 volts in older NORMARC 7000 systems) by setting the
offset for the parameter and monitor in question.

From the menu, select ILS Settings -> Monitoring -> Monitor limits ->

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Calibrate measurement.

Figure.3.11 Monitor Limits settings tab

The easiest way to adjust is to set the offset to 0dB for each parameter and
monitor, read the RF level for the parameter and note the monitor reading with
transmitter on. If the monitor reads -30.44 dB, then enter this number with
opposite sign, that is 30.44 dB, in the offset field and apply to the monitor that is
being adjusted.

Figure.3.12 Calibration Measurement tab

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This procedure must be repeated for all monitors and all channels in use, i.e.
CL, DS, CLR (dual frequency equipment only) and NF (if installed).

RF level alarm limits:From the menu, select ILS Settings -> Monitoring ->
Monitor limits -> Edit

Set the alarm limits for RF, refer para 3.2.2 for the guidance. Repeat for all
monitors for CL, DS,CLR (if applicable) and NF (if applicable).

Figure.3.13 RF Alarm Limits setting tab

RF unit: When all monitors in use have been adjusted to 0dB and the alarm
limits are set correctly, the preferred unit for RF level may be changed. If V (Volts)
is selected the nominal value will be 3.0 Volts, backward compatible with older
NORMARC 7000 [Link] program will automatically calculate the alarm limits
back and forth when switching RF level unit.

Figure.3.14 Preferences Window

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[Link]. SDM adjustment and alarm limits:

SDM nominal value: From the menu, select ILS Settings -> Monitoring ->
Monitor limits -> Calibrate measurement.
Adjust SDM to the same value as read on the PIR connected to the monitor
input signal. The nominal value will normally be 40% (LOC) or 80% (GP). Use the
offset to fine-adjust the measured value to the same as read on the PIR.
If the monitored SDM (on PIR) differs more than a few tenths from the
transmitter SDM then the system should be checked for faults.

Figure.3.15 SDM Nominal Value Adjustment

This procedure must be repeated for all monitors and all channels in use, i.e.
CL, DS, CLR and NF (if installed).

SDM alarm limits: From the menu, select ILS Settings -> Monitoring ->
Monitor limits -> Edit
Set the alarm limits for SDM, refer para 3.2.2 for guidance. Repeat for all
monitors for CL, DS,CLR and NF (if applicable).
[Link]. DDM adjustment and alarm limits:

DDM nominal value: From the menu, select ILS Settings -> Monitoring ->
Monitor limits -> Calibrate measurement.

Verify that the DDM is the same value as read on the PIR connected to the
monitor input signal. The nominal value is normally be 0 μA for CL and NF,150uA
or 75 μA for DS and 280- 343 μA for CLR.
Use the offset setting to adjust the measured value to display 0 μA if desired.
The picture below shows the setting for LOC DS with 150 μA as monitored value.
The monitor will then read 0uA with 150 μA input.
Setting the nominal value to 150μA and offset to 0μA will display 150μA as
the monitored value in a properly adjusted system.
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If the monitored DDM (on PIR) differs more than a few μA from the value at
the relevant field check point then the system should be checked for fault.

Figure.3.16 DDM Nominal Value and Offset Adjustment

DDM alarm limits: From the menu, select ILS Settings -> Monitoring ->
Monitor limits -> Edit

Set the alarm limits for DDM, refer para 3.2.2 for guidance. Repeat for all
monitors for CL, DS, CLR and NF (if applicable).

[Link]. Continuously running integrity checks

The monitors are digital, and strict safety measures have been taken to
ensure the integrity of the FPGA's. All four RF channels are continuously monitored
for stuck bits and other faults.
In order for these internal tests to run smoothly, the monitors must be told
which channels are in use, i.e. if there is a signal there.
From the menu, select ILS Settings -> monitoring-> monitor configuration

The MONx_TEST_CONF/STBY_TEST_CONF parameters define which

channels shall be checked continuously for integrity faults. Use the following table
for determining the monitor setup and note that the scheme for STBY monitor may
differ from MON1 and MON2.
Parameters set up with alarm limits OFF shall be omitted from this test. I.e.
in a NORMARC 7014B configuration the hot standby monitor will normally be set
to "Disable NF test (no STBY NF installed) and MON1/MON2 set to "All enabled".

MONx_TEST_CONFIG Used for

Disable NF test Dual frequency equipment without NF. NF alarm limits OFF
All enabled Dual frequency equipment with NF *
* NF normally not monitored for hot standby, test config may differ from
MON1/MON2.
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The picture below shows typical settings for MON1, MON2 and STBY MON
for a LOC hot-standby.

Figure.3.17 Monitor Test Configuration

[Link]. Stand by Monitor alignment

Before the standby monitor is aligned, the correct input to the standby
monitor must be established. This cannot be carried out until the transmitter and
antenna system have been correctly adjusted.
When the transmitter and antenna system have been correctly adjusted, the
DS and CLR output from the changeover section (CO 1837B) to the standby monitor
must be adjusted to its correct DDM value.

 Adjust the LOC/GP, Frequency, RF level and SDM for the standby monitor
CL, DS, NF and CLR channels as described earlier

 Adjust the DS DDM Nominal and Offset on the standby monitor to

0.0%DDM/0μA

 Look at the standby monitor DS DDM measurement and adjust the small
potentiometer to the left of the J10 connector (on the Course CO 1837B/CO
1838B board at the back of the cabinet - the right hand side board seen from
behind) until the DDM is as close to 15.5%DDM/150μA on LOC or
8.75%DDM/75μA on GP as possible.
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Figure.3.18 Part of CO 1837B showing the potentiometer

 On LOC; adjust the CLR DDM Nominal and Offset on the standby monitor to
0.0%DDM/0μA. Look at the standby monitor CLR DDM measurement and
adjust the small potentiometer to the left of the J10 connector (on the CLR
CO 1837B board at the back of the cabinet - the left hand side board seen
from behind) until the DDM is as close to 27.0%DDM/261μA as possible

 Use the offset settings on CL, DS, NF and CLR to adjust the measured value
to display 0.0%DDM/0μA if desired

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3.2.2. Executive Monitor Alarm/Warning limits

From the RMM Program or the Local Display/Keyboard, set the alarm limits
accordingly to the proposed values in the handbook or to local regulations.

LOC GP
Channel Signal Nom Alarm L/H Warn L/H Nom Alarm L/H Warn L/H
CL DDM 0 µA ±15 µA 75 % 0 µA ±35 µA 75 %

CL SDM 40 ±4%SDM 75 % 80 %SDM ±5%SDM

*) Note 1 75 %

CL RF %SDM
3.0 V 1f: -1/1.5 75 % 3.0 V 1f: -1/1.5 75 %

2f: -0.35/ 2f: -

0.36/0.43
0.47

NF DDM 0 µA ±15 µA 75 % 0 µA ±45 µA 75 %

NF SDM 40 ±20 %SDM 75 % 80 %SDM ±20 %SDM 75 %

NF RF %SDM
3.0 V ±1.5 75 % 3.0 V ±1.7 75 %

DS DDM 150 µA ±25 µA 75 % 75 µA *) ±18 µA 75 %

Note 2
*) Note 2
DS SDM 40 ±20 %SDM 75 % 80 %SDM ±20 %SDM 75 %

DS RF %SDM
3.0 V ±1.5 75 % 3.0 V ±1.7 75 %

CLR DDM *) Note 3 1f: Off 1f: 100 % *) Note 3 1f: Off 1f: 100 %

2f: 75 % 2f: 75 %
CLR SDM 40 1f: Off 2f: 1f: 100 % 80 %SDM 1f: Off 2f: ±5 1f: 100 %
±4.0
%SDM 2f: 75 % 2f: 75 %
CLR RF 3.0 V 1f: Off 2f: - 1f: 100 % 3.0 V 1f: Off 1f: 100 %
0.37/ 0.44 2f: -
2f: 75 % 0.36/0.43 2f: 75%

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LOC GP
Channel Signal Nom Alarm L/H Warn L/H Nom Alarm L/H Warn L/H
DF 10 kHz 1f: Off 2f: 1f: 100 % 15 kHz 1f: Off 2f: 1f: 100 %
±4 ±4.5
2f: 75 % 2f: 75 %
CLR ID ACT 0.0 % Off 1f: ±69 0.0 % Off ±69

2f: 2.5/20
CLR ID MOD 0.0 % Off 100 % 0.0 % Off 100 %

CL ID ACT 0.0 % Off 2.5/20 0.0 % Off ±69

CL ID MOD 0.0 % Off 100 % 0.0 % Off 100 %

CL VOICE 0.0 Off -150/204 0.0 Off -150/204

DETECT
Self-test DDM 0 µA -13 µA /39 100 % 0 µA -22µA /Off 100 %
µA

Self-test SDM 40 -8%SDM/ 100 % 40 %SDM 25%SDM/Off 100 %

%SDM Off
Self-test RF 3.0 V -1.2/1.8 100 % 3.0 V -1/Off 100 %

FFM ChA DDM 0 µA ±15 µA 75 % 0 µA ±35 µA 75 %

FFM ChA SDM 40 ±4 %SDM 75 % 80 %SDM ±5 %SDM 75 %

FFM ChA RF %SDM

0.0 V 20/80 30/70 0.0 V 20/80 30/70

FFM ChB DDM 0 µA ±15 µA 75 % 0 µA Off 100 %

FFM ChB SDM 40 ±4 %SDM 75 % 80 %SDM Off 100 %

FFM ChB RF %SDM

0.0 V 20/80 30/70 0.0 V Off ±100

FFM EXE AL 0 0/200 ±2047 0 0/200 ±2047

CL VOICE 0.0 Off -150/204 0.0 Off -150/204

DETECT

Table.3.1 CAT-I Alarm and warning Limits

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*) Note 1: The value ±35µA is derived from a combined situation of wide DS alarm
simultaneously with a low GP angle alarm condition to satisfy the ICAO Annex 10
requirement of an alarm at 7.5% change of GP angle.

*) Note 2: The alarm limit should be ±25% of the nominal value i.e. if the nominal
monitor point is set to 150µA, limits should be ±37µA.

*) Note 3: The CLR nominal value should be set to whatever is measured as a DDM
value on the CLR signal in to the monitor.

• Unused DC loop channels: Set monitor alarm limits OFF and warning limits
to 100%

• Unused Far Field Monitor (FFM) channels: Set monitor alarm limits to OFF
and warning limits to 100% (RF warning to ±100)

• Unused VOICE channels: Set alarm limits to OFF and warning limits to ±204

• Standby monitor: Always disable alarms and warnings on the following

channels: Near Field, DC-loop, Far Field Monitor, and Voice

[Link]. Description of the FFM EXE AL limits

The FFM EXE AL (Far Field Monitor Executive Alarm) parameter is used to
implement executive changeover/shutdown on FFM alarms. This measurement is
zero when no alarms exists on the FFM DDM/SDM/RF parameters. When an alarm
has lasted for the time configured in the FFM delay value, this measurement will
be set to the value 101.
By setting the FFM EXE AL high alarm limit to 100, the TX Control will initiate
an (executive) changeover or shutdown on FFM parameter alarms. (Actually, any
high alarm limit between 1 and 100 would work, but 100 is recommended as the
default if executive FFM alarms is desired.)
For non-executive FFM alarms, set the FFM EXE AL high alarm limit to a value
higher than 101 (200 is recommended as the default).

[Link]. Description of the CL IDENT and CLR IDENT limits

The CL ID ACT and CLR ID ACT parameters are the absolute value of the
difference between two consecutive 1020 Hz modulation measurements taken on
the Course Line and Clearance channels. This means that these parameters will
have the value 0 when, for example, the ident-keyer stops sending Morse code or
if the 1020 Hz tone is continuously on (at approximately the same level). A positive
non-zero value is therefore an indication of ident. modulation activity.

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The recommended low warning limit is 2.5. The ident modulation levels then
needs to be large enough to periodically produce a CL or CLR ID ACT measurement
that is greater than this low limit to reset the ID ACT delay counter. All
measurements that is greater than this minimum value should be accepted, the
upper warning limit is therefore set to a large value (20 is the recommended value).

If executive changeover/shutdown is desired on alarms on the CL or CLR

IDENT parameters, the warning limits recommended above should be used,
instead of OFF, on the alarm limits.

[Link]. Cat II and CAT III monitor LIMIT configuration

For Cat II and CAT III equipment the monitor limits are configured as for Cat
I (see Table 3.1 ), with the exceptions shown in Table. (Only the LOC limits are
different.)

LOC CAT-II

Channel Signal Nom Ala H/L Wa H/L

CL DDM 0.µA ±11µA 75 %

NF DDM 0.µA ±11µA 75 %

LOC CAT-III

Channel Signal Nom Ala H/L Wa H/L

CL DDM 0.µA ±8µA 75 %

NF DDM 0.µA ±8µA 75 %

Table.3.2 CAT-II and CAT-III Alarm and warning Limits

[Link]. Monitor Maintenance limits

From the RMM Program, set maintenance warning limits accordingly to the
proposed values in the handbook or to local regulations.
All new systems will have factory preset maintenance warning limits.
Maintenance warning limits can not be set from the Local Display/Keyboard.

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[Link]. Monitor Alarm Delay

The factory default delay configuration for Cat I and II/III (values compliant
with ICAO Annex 10) are shown in Table 3-3.

LOC GP

Channel Cat I Cat II/III Cat I Cat II/III

GEN 5s 1s 3s 1s

NF 20 s 20 s 20 s 20 s

IDENT *) 20 s 20 s N/A N/A

FFM 60 s 60 s 60 s 60 s

INTEGRITY TEST 11s 3s 7s 3s

Table.3.3 Factory Default Monitor delay settings

*) It is recommended to use minimum 30 seconds as the delay for IDENT on

the standby monitor on both Cat I and II/III. This is recommended in order to
ensure that the RMS detects the toggling of the IDENT measurements from the
standby monitor. Detecting the toggling is required in order not to generate IDENT
warning. Some (short) ident codes may else cause the ILS to generate IDENT
warnings on the standby monitor.
Annex 10 specifies the total changeover + shutdown delay after
an alarm. The delay values used in the NORMARC 7000B RMM
software are the time delay between the detection of an alarm
and the resulting changeover or shutdown. When a changeover
takes place the delay counters are reset. The values entered in
the RMM soft- ware are therefore set to the Annex 10 value
divided by two

The "Integrity Test - Monitor Delay Verification" delay shall be set to the total
changeover-shut- down time + 1 second (2*GEN delay + 1s).
The NF delay is used for alarms on the NF DDM, SDM and RF parameters.
The IDENT delay is used on the CL/CLR IDENT, MORSE and VOICE parameters. The
FFM delay is used on all FFM parameters including FFM EXE AL. The GEN delay is
used on all remaining parameters.
From the RMM Program, set the Monitor Alarm Delays accordingly to the
proposed values in the handbook or to local regulations.

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3.3. Restore the Monitor

3.3.1. Describe fault finding best practices down to LRM level

a) Run a Current Diagnostic from the RMM program.

b) If the MF or MO board is reported to be faulty, swap the locations of the

board in monitor 1 with the one in monitor 2 and run the diagnostic again.

c) If the fault follows the board, change the board. If the fault stays in the
same monitor, carefully inspect the cables and the motherboard and if
necessary replace the faulty item

d) Put the boards back to their original position

e) If the TCA board is reported to be faulty, replace it

For a more detailed explanation of the different analysis that takes place
during a Current Diagnostic. Please refer to the handbook.
3.3.2. Perform replacement procedure for the MO 1820 / MF 1821.

PREPARATIONS:
a) By using a PIR (NORMARC 7710), check that all monitor inputs (CL, DS, NF,
CLR) to the cabinet are correct. Compare the measurements with
previously taken measurements.

b) Make a note of the values.

c) Check and note the version numbers of the firmware in the FPGA. This can
be done in the RMM program from menu ILS Settings->Monitoring->
Monitor Configuration.

d) If possible, save the configuration of the modules to be replaced. If the

module(s) to be replaced is out of service and configuration cannot be
downloaded, get hold of the latest configuration file that was downloaded
from the cabinet.

e) Power down the system and remove old unit(s). Insert new unit(s). All
potentiometers are factory adjusted and shall normally never be touched.

f) Set the ILS in MANUAL and LOCAL mode. Power up the system.

g) Log on to the ILS with the RMM program in access level 3 or higher.

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h) In the RMM program go to the Preferences menu and set Factory mode.
This is necessary in order to do some of the adjustments.

i) There are no hardware adjustments for RF-level.

j) Any software adjustment for RF-level is easiest carried out by using dB as

unit. In the RMM-program set the RF-unit to dB from the menu ILS Settings-
General-System Options.

k) If preferred, switch back to Volt after adjustment has finished.

Figure.3.19 Preferences Window

ADJUSTMENT:
a) Use the latest downloaded configuration file and upload the
configuration for the monitors in question.

b) If the configuration file used is a valid file quite recently downloaded from
the cabinet, most of the monitor settings should now be correct without
any further need for adjustment.

c) However the software adjustment for RF-level should be carried out.

Please see the "RF level adjustment" section in the step-by-step
adjustment procedure in para 3.2.1

d) If only an old configuration file exists or no configuration file are available,

the monitor has to be adjusted from scratch as described in para 3.2.1
Monitor Alignment

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Figure.3.20 Configuration Upload Window

CHECK:
a) Verify that all monitor readings are normal.

b) Verify that all monitor maintenance readings are normal.

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Chapter 4

TITLE: Maintenance of the RMA and TCA

Chapter Objective:

With reference, the participants will be able to maintain RMA and TCA.

Interim Objectives:

4.1 Describe the RMS block diagram;

4.2 Describe the historical information being stored;

4.3 RMS Integrity Test

4.4 Describe RMA1822A RMS Assembly;
4.5 Describe TCA1218 Transmitter Control Assembly;
4.6 Perform Board adjustments and configuration.

4.7 Restore the Boards.

References:
 NORMARC 7013B-14B Instruction Manual and
 NORMARC 7033B-34B Instruction Manual

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4.1. Describe RMS Block Diagram

4.1.1. RMS Description

The Remote Monitoring System consists of a CPU-board located inside the

main cabinet, with several means of collecting data from both inside and outside
the equipment. The RMS also constitutes the operator interface, offering up to
three RS 232 interfaces, and the Local Key board/Display. The main tasks are:

a) Collection of executive monitor parameters and maintenance parameters

b) Generation of system warnings

c) Maintaining historical storages of all data

d) ‘Snap-shot’ of all monitor and maintenance data immediately before alarm

occurrence

e) Setting of alarm limits and tx parameters

f) Fault isolation

g) Controlling the Local Keyboard/Display

The RMS SW comprises a resident part located in the ILS. It communicates

with the RMM PC program via dedicated lines or a MODEM. The PC SW is the main
operator interface with the ILS.

Data collection is facilitated in 3 different ways: A parallel high-speed data

bus offering both read and write operations, a IIC-standard serial bus, and a set of
24 different ADC channels

4.1.2. PC and Modem

The main operator interface is locally or remotely connected personal

computers, running dedicated SW and communicating with the main cabinet
resident SW via a dedicated protocol. The system facilitates three channels for PC
connections. The Local channel can be connected to a local PC by USB or a serial
link. Remote channel 1 can be multiplexed with the remote-control data and
transmitted to the Remote Control through internal or external leased line
modems. The remote PC can then be connected to the remote-Control shelf.
Alternatively, Remote 1 can be separately connected to a PC through external
modems or a serial link. Remote 2 can be connected to a PC through external
leased line or dialup modems. All three PC’s can be logged on simultaneously, but
only one of them can have write access at a given point in time.

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Figure 4.1 RMM Configuration

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Figure 4.2 RMS Block Diagram

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4.1.3. Different Buses used for collecting information

[Link]. RMS Data bus

The main operation of the RMS parallel data bus is continuously to collect
data from the Monitor MO 1820. Additional functions are setting of monitor alarm
limits and delays on the MO 1820, setting of TX-parameters on LF-generator LF
1576, and reading of system status from the TX Control Assembly TCA 1218C.
Writing of warning status to the TCA 1218C is also done via the RMS data bus.

MO 1820A MO 1820A MO 1820A LF 1576A LF 1576A TCA 1218C

Monitor 1 Monitor 2 STB MON TX1 TX2

RMS data bus

RMA
1822A

Figure 4.3 RMS Data Bus

[Link]. Maintenance Data Collection

RMS
In order to facilitate
Data fault isolation and presentation, several analog and
digital measuring pointsbusare distributed throughout the system. These points are
primarily accessed via the IIC serial bus. In addition, 24 ADC-channels are read
directly into the RMA 1822 board

The IIC serial bus collects digital status information from MF 1821A, MO
1820A, LF 1576, OS 1706 and the CI 1748 connection interface card. 6 of these are
user configurable inputs/outputs. In addition, analogue measurements are
obtained from the LOC - Power Assemblies LPA 1580A.

The ADC-channels are mainly used to measure power amplifier current

consumptions, as well as system voltages. These measurements are obtained from
the Power Supply boards PS 1227. In addition system current consumption, as well
as several user configurable inputs, are measured on the CI 1748 board.

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LPA 1580/ LPA 1580/ LPA 1580/ LPA 1580/

LF 1576A LF 1576A OS 1706A/B OS 1706A/B GPA1581A GPA1582A GPA1581A GPA1582A
TX1 TX2 TX1 TX2 TX1 COU TX1 CLR TX2 COU TX2 CLR

IIC BUS
RMA 1822A CI 1748A
RMS BUS
ADC Channels

MF1821A MF1821A MF1821A MO 1820A MO 1820A MO 1822A PS1227 #1 PS1227 #2

Mon 1 Mon 2 STB Mon Mon 1 Mon 2 STB Mon

Figure 4.4 IIC Serial Bus and ADC Channels

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4.2. Describe Historical information being stored (Storage function)

Monitor and maintenance measurements are stored in RMA 1822 as

historical data. The battery backed RAM of RMA1822 is used to store the historical
data. This information is not lost during a power down of the system or if the
RMA1822 card is taken out of the system due to a small backup battery on the
RMA1822 board.

The following types of data are stored in the ILS and can be downloaded to PC.

Medium time Downloaded data being stored in the Download must be started manually
periodic database of the RMM SW
Long time Downloaded data being stored in the Download must be started manually
periodic database of the RMM SW
Warning Downloaded data being stored as Download must be started manually
storage separate xml-file on PC
Alarm Downloaded data being stored as Download must be started manually
storage separate xml-file on PC
Event storage Downloaded data being stored in the Downloads new events as soon as
database of the RMM SW connection to station is established
Operational Downloaded data being stored in the Extracts the important events from
history database of the RMM SW Event storage

Table 4.1 Historical data stored in NM7000B

4.2.1. Medium time periodic

One sample of all monitor and maintenance parameters stored periodically

at user specified interval. The storage contains the last 96 samples. The interval is
set in the RMM software for each station (ILS-settings |General…|Medium time
periodic).

Interval Storage time

15 1 day
min 30 2 days
min 60 4 days
min 120 8 days
min
Table 4.2 Interval and Storage time (Medium time periodic storage)

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4.2.2. Long time periodic

For every day through a 180 days period, the mean value and standard
deviation of all monitor and analogue maintenance parameters are stored.

4.2.3. Warning storage

At the instant when a warning LED is activated, one sample of all monitor
and maintenance parameters is stored. The 25 last warnings are stored.

4.2.4. Alarm storage

Alarm storage is samples of all monitor and maintenance parameters for a

period starting from 30s before an alarm occurred and ending with the actual
alarm sample. The last seven alarms are stored in the ILS. Two alarms will be stored
in the ILS for each alarm condition that results in a transmitter changeover that is
followed by a shutdown. (i.e. One for MAIN transmitter and another alarm log for
STANDBY transmitter). See Figure 4-5.

If a shutdown occurs, the alarm storage should be downloaded before the

data is overwritten. More than three alarm changeover conditions will overwrite
the first alarm log.

Figure 4.5 Alarm Storage

4.2.5. Event storage

Stores the last 300 major operational events, including user logins and
logouts, TX on/off operations, alarm/warnings, monitor parameter changes and
changes in system status.

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[Link]. TCA related events

Figure 4.6 Events List

User Description Detailed description
Local/Remote Turned ON (TXx on air) The transmitters was turned on by local or
remote user and TXx is directed to air.
Local/Remote Turned OFF (with main The transmitters was turned off by local or
on air) remote user while the main transmitter is
directed to air. This event is only reported
when in manual mode
Local/Remote Turned OFF (with stby The transmitters was turned off by local or
on air) remote user while the standby trans- mitter is
directed to air. This event is only reported
when in manual mode.
Local/Remote Turned OFF w/integrity The transmitters was turned off by local or
check remote user and the shutdown integrity check
started. This event is only reported when in
auto mode.
Local/Remote Changeover to TXx The transmitter directed to air was
changed to TXx.
Local Main select TXx The main transmitter was changed. This event is
only reported while in auto mode.
System Integrity check: TXFB The main transmitter was changed. This event is
not 0 only reported while in auto mode.

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User Description Detailed description

System Integrity check: OSC not When checking output levels of the RF oscillators, the
off RMS detected a valid RF signal which should not be
present in the current state.
System Integrity check: 27V not When checking output levels of the RF oscillators, the
off RMS detected a valid RF signal which should not be
present in the current state.
System Integrity check: No RF When checking the CL and CLR RF measurements from
alarm monitor 1 and 2 after the complete
changeover/shutdown sequence had completed the
RMS did not detect that the monitors did activate the
alarm state when they should.
System Integrity check: Mon dly While reading the state of the main and standby alarm
fail signals (LEDs) on the TCA the RMS detected the signals
not to be in alarm state at the time set in the “Monitor
alarm verification” delay after the forced
changeover/shutdown sequence was started.
System Shutdown integrity check Reported if any of the above integrity check events
FAILED were reported.
System Shutdown integrity check Reported when all integrity checks after a forced
OK changeover/shutdown sequence was successful.
System Timeout waiting for force Internal error in RMS/TCA or communication error
off between RCA and TCA
System Shutdown integrity check A user performed an operation which meant the
CANCELLED shutdown integrity check could not be completed.
System RC connection [lost|OK] The TCA reported that the RC communication link
status signal changed state.
System RC error shutdown The transmitters were shutdown due to error on the
RC communication link
Remote TXOFF [active|inactive] The TXOFF input on the remote control system
changed state.
System TXOFF shutdown The transmitters were shutdown due to activation of
the TXOFF input on the remote control system.

System Alarm changeover to TXx The main transmitter was shutdown due to alarm
situation detected by the moni- tors or TCA, and TXx
was then directed to air. The event also contains
which monitor parameters that were causing the
changeover. A log of measurements taken up to 30
seconds before the event can be downloaded from
the ILS (alarm storage). This event will only be gener-
ated when the system is in AUTO and not in SERVICE.

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User Description Detailed description

System Auto changeover to Same as Alarm changeover event, but generated when in
TXx SERVICE and AUTO. No alarm log is generated in this case

System Alarm shutdown The standby transmitter (TXx) was shutdown due to alarm
from TXx situation detected by the monitors or TCA. The event also
contains which monitor parameters that were causing the
changeover. A log of measurements taken up to 30
seconds before the event can be downloaded from the ILS
(alarm storage). This event will only be generated when the
system is in AUTO and not in SERVICE.
System Auto shutdown from Same as Alarm shutdown event, but generated when in
TXx SERVICE and AUTO. No alarm log is generated in this case.
System Standby alarm The standby transmitter was shutdown due to alarm
shutdown detected by the standby monitor.
System Terminator alarm The terminator alarm signal on the TCA changed state.
[active|inactive]
System TXC integrity fail The terminator integrity fail signal on the TCA changed
[active|inactive] state.
System Terminator alarm The “terminator” function on the TCA turned off the
shutdown transmitters after alarm.
System Terminator interlock The “terminator” function on the TCA turned off the
shutdown transmitters after interlock deselect

Remote Interlocked The interlock input changed state to ON=selected or

[ON|OFF] OFF=deselected.
System Interlock shutdown The transmitters was shut down due interlock input
changed to deselected state.
System Service [ON|OFF] The SERVICE mode of the TCA changed state. If a
[(TXx on air)] transmitter was active then the transmitter that is directed
to air is also reported.
System Manual mode The manual mode (monitor override) state changed.
[ON|OFF]
Local Switch REMOTE The local/remote switch on the TCA front panel was set in
REMOTE position. May cause SERVICE to off.
Local Switch WRITE The write protect switch was set in the WRITE PROTECT
PROTECT position. May cause SERVICE to off
Local Switch INTERLOCK The interlock override switch was set in the normal
OVERRIDE OFF position. May cause SER- VICE to off.
Remote Switch ACCESS The access grant switch on the remote control system
GRANT OFF was switched off. May cause SERVICE to off.

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User Description Detailed description

Local Switch LOCAL The local/remote switch on the TCA front panel was set
in LOCAL position. Will cause SERVICE to go on if off.

Local Switch WRITE ENABLE The write protect switch was set in the WRITE
ENABLE position. Will cause SERVICE to go on if off.

Local Switch INTERLOCK The interlock override switch was set in the OVERRIDE
OVERRIDE ON position. Will cause SER- VICE to go on if off.
Local Switch ACCESS GRANT The access grant switch on the remote control system
ON was switched on. Will cause SERVICE to go on if off.

Table 4.3 RMS (TCA Related) Events List

[Link]. Power supply related warning events

User Description Detailed description

System Battery low warning Battery voltage monitoring detected low or restored
[activated|deactivated] battery voltage. AND/OR logic between battery 1 and
battery 2 depends on setting in the lamp mappings
window.
System Mains failure warning Mains failure status detected or restored mains
[activated|deactivated] failure. AND/OR logic between mains 1 and mains 2
depends on setting in the lamp mappings window.

Table 4.4 RMS (PS Related) Events List

[Link]. Warning Events

These events are only generated if the system is in auto and normal mode
(main normal LED on).

User Description Detailed description

System MON1/2 parameter warning Executive MON1 or MON2 parameter warning
[activated|deactivated] activated or deactivated (1/2 or 2/ 2 voted
according to voting setup). Ident measurements
and TST channels not included in this warning
calculation
System STB parameter warning Standby monitor warning activated or
[activated|deactivated] deactivated. TST channels not included in this
warning calculation. Only generated while in
auto, main normal and standby normal.

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System MON1/2 disagree warning An executive delayed alarm was detected by

[activated|deactivated] either MON1 or MON2 but not both.
The “activated” event is generated when one
monitor only is in alarm for at least 500 ms.
System Ident warning Executive MON1 or MON2 ident parameter
[activated|deactivated] warning activated or deactivated (1/2 or 2/2
voted according to voting setup).
System Maintenance warning Delayed warning state on one of the
[activated|deactivated] maintenance parameters activated or
deactivated
System MONx self-test error TCA detected self-test error on MONx data.
[activated|deactivated]

Table 4.5 RMS (Warning) Events List

The following events are generated independently of system auto/manual

and alarm/normal.

User Description Detailed description

System SC/TRM voted alarm The SC and TRM blocks on the TCA board disagrees
disagree warning about voted delayed alarm state. The “activated”
[activated|deactivated] event is generated when either SC or TRM are in
alarm for at least 500 ms.

System SC/TRM MONx A delayed alarm was detected by the TCA from
disagree warning MONx by either SC or TRM and not both SC and TRM
[activated|deactivated] as required. The “activated” event is generated when
SC or TRM are in alarm for at least 500 ms.

Table 4.6 RMS (Warning) Events List

[Link]. RMM and local LCD access related events

User Description Detailed description

<Username> Logged in at level x User successfully logged in at access level x (x is in
(<Connection>) range 1 to 3). <Connection> is the IP address or
port of the user connection,
e.g. “Local USB”.
<Username> Logged out from level x User successfully logged out. See above for
(<Connection>) <Connection> description. Logout event is not
reported for the local LCD user for access levels
lower than 3.

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<Username> Switch forced logout User with name <Username> was automatically
from level x logged out because the current access level was
(<Connection >) not allowed after a switch change (switches
LOCAL/REMOTE, switch WRITE
PROTECT/ENABLE, switch REMOTE ACCESS
GRANT). See above
for <Connection> description
<Username> Lost connection logout User with name <Username> was automatically
from level x logged out because no data was received.
(<Connection>) See above for <Connection> description.
<Username> Authentication failure User login failed due to invalid credentials.
(<Connection>)
<Username> <TAGID> changed Configuration for <TAGID> was successfully
changed. <TAGID> is a short description of the
setting or parameter that was changed
<Username> <TAGID> config update Configuration update failed. “read/write” is
[unspecified reported if a update failure was detected in the
|read/write| read or write access phase of the update
verification] error process. “verification” is reported if detected
when comparing the read-back data after the
write to the data written.
<Username> <TCACMD> command Reported when a logged on user sends a TCA
command. <TCACMD> is one of: ON/OFF,
CHANGE OVER, MAIN SELECT, TX[1|2] [COU|CLR]
ON/OFF, MANUAL/AUTO.

Table 4.7 RMS (Access Related) Events List

[Link]. Miscellaneous events

User Description Detailed description

System MONx data timeout No data received from the specified montor for 500 ms
System MONx IntTst: <result> Monitor integrity self-test result.
System Powered [on|off] Reports time for when the cabinet was powered on or
off.

Table 4.8 RMS (Miscellaneous) Events List

4.2.6. Operational history

Selecting ILS-Data|Operational history will bring up a list of operational

history entries that have been downloaded from the ILS and stored in the database
on the PC. All new entries are downloaded on each login to the ILS. The last 100
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entries are stored in the ILS, while the last 2500 events may be viewed in the RMM.
The database file on the PC may contain several thousands of entries for each ILS
station.

There are 3 types of entries shown in the list. These are:

"Clear history". This entry is placed in the history list after a user has
selected to clear all operational history and if the RMS detect that the data stored
in the battery backed RAM is not valid. The last case may be the case after an
upgrade to a new RMS version if the layout the RAM has changed between RMS
versions.

"Monthly report". The RMS stores this entry on the first day of each month.
Since the opera- tional time counter (hours) is also stored, this gives the user
information about the usage of the ILS the last month.

"Alarm shutdown". This entry indicated that the ILS has performed a
transmitter shutdown due to an alarm condition detected by the executive
monitors.

In addition to the above types, a "<Data loss>" entry will be stored in the
database by the RMM software if it detects that there is no overlap of entries
stored in the database on the PC and in the ILS. This informs the user that over 100
entries have been generated in ILS since the last time the operational history was
downloaded.

Each entry has an "Outage" field. This field indicates whether the entry shall
count as an outage in MTBO calculations. Only entries of type "Alarm shutdown"
may have this field set to "Yes". This can be changed by the user to "No". Note that
if this is done, a comment should also be written to describe why the shutdown
should not count as an outage.

Use the "Clear history." button to reset the operational time counter and to
clear the opera- tional history stored in the ILS. This operation requires the user to
logged on to an ILS and a login at the master access level. A confirmation from the
user is required before the operation is executed. If desired, the user can also
select to clear the operational history stored in the database on the PC.

Use the "Edit entry." button to change the Outage (on alarm shutdown
entries only) and Comment fields. The Edit entry function is enabled on all access
levels, and also while viewing downloaded medium time or long time data in the
database. Note that the changed data is stored in the database only; it is not
uploaded back to the ILS.

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4.3. RMS Integrity Tests

After each turn-off of the equipment when the equipment is not in manual
mode, the RMS software on the RMA 1822 performs the following integrity tests.
All tests, except test 5, are performed 30 seconds after the turn-off command. Test
5 is performed a configurable time after the turn-off command (see description
below).

4.3.1. Test 1: RF OSCILLATOR OUTPUTS

The RMS verifies that the COU and CLR output level maintenance
measurements on the OS boards are below the warning limit.
Text in event list in case the test fails: “IntTst: OSC not off”

4.3.2. Test 2: LPA/GPA 27V POWER SUPPLY

The RMS verifies that the 27V power supply input on each power amplifier
assembly is below 2 volt.

Text in event list in case the test fails: “IntTst: 27V not off”

4.3.3. Test 3: MONITOR RF ALARM STATUS (Text in event list)

The RMS verifies that monitor 1 and 2 reports alarm status on the CL RF and
the CLR RF monitor parameters 30 seconds after the turn-off command.
Text in event list in case the test fails: “IntTst: No RF alarm”
4.3.4. Test 4: TXFB

The TXFB[3:0] are four internal signals on the TC board. The signals are the
feedback of signals used for turning the RF oscillators on and off.

Text in event list in case the test fails: “IntTst: TXFB not 0”)

4.3.5. Test 5: MONITOR ALARM DELAY

Figure 4.7 Monitor Integrity Test delay setting window

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The RMS verifies that the transmitter control has detected alarm from the
monitors after a configurable time after the turn-off command.

The time is configured in the Monitor settings window, on the “Integrity

test” tab

Text in event list in case the test fails: “IntTst: Mon dly fail”

Additional test result reporting:

a) If any of the above tests fails the following event will also be stored in the
event list: “Intgrt test FAILED”

b) If none of the tests fails the event “Intgrt test ok” will be stored

c) The RMS generates the event “Intgrt tst cancelled” if the integrity test is
not executed. This can occur if the user turns the equipment on again after
less than 30 seconds

If the parameter warning LED has been configured to show Integrety Failure
(ILS settings – General Setting – System Options tab – “Signal integrety failure on
Param LED”) and an “Intgrt test FAILED” occur, the only way to reset the LED is to
turn the power of the system off and back on again.

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Figure 4.8 RMA 1822A Block Diagram

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4.4. Describe RMA 1822A RMS Assembly

The RMA 1822A is a microprocessor based assembly that contains the RMS
software, and also forms the basis for the NORMARC 7000B RMM system. The
RMA 1822A consists of KD 1824A front panel with keyboard and display, and the
RM 1823A the RMS module.

The KD 1824 is attached to the RM 1823 via a 50-pin flat cable connector
between RM 1823/P10 and KD 1824/P11. The display is connected to the KD 1824
board via a semiflex cable attached to J20.
4.4.1. RMA Block Description
[Link]. POWER SUPPLY
The input voltages to the board are 5V, +15V, -15V and Digital ground from
the ILS.
From +5V, Onboard switching regulators generate 1.0V, 1.5V, 1.8V and 3.3V .
CPU uses 1.0V, 1.8V & 3.3 V while display system used 1.5V . Most of the Logic on
the board is 3.3V with 5V level-converters to the rest of the ILS. Only the AD system
utilizes the +/-15V voltages from the ILS.
[Link]. CPU

The CPU is the Power PC processor MPC8308 from Freescale. The processor
is running at a core frequency of 400MHz with a 266 Mword/s (133 MHz clk)
interface to the DDR2 SDRAM.
In addition to the CPU core, the MPC8308 includes several advanced
peripheral controllers and busses. The use of them are listed below:
DDR2 Memory Controller: to three DDR2 devices
Local Bus: RMS bus, FLASH, LCD controller and UARTs
TSEC1 Controller: 10/100 base-T TX Ethernet Port
TSEC2 Controller: I/O used as GPIO
SD-Interface: Used as GPIO
SPI controller: Routed to KD-board
USB controller: to USB transceiver, which is connected to the USB
connector
UARTs: UART1 used for local bus, UART2 communicates with
TCA1218
I2C controllers: IIC1 is local I2C-bus, IIC2 is the global I2C bus
IRQs: Used for power down pre-warning, UARTs and
Keyboard Interrupt
JTAG: Used for flashing program data
Chips selects: Used for accessing NOR flash, RNMS bus, LCD
controller and DUART
GPCM: General Purpose Chip Select Machine
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[Link]. ECC DRAM / NOR FLASH

The board has 256 Mbyte DDR2 RAM of type Micron MT47H64M16HR-3
IT:H. The CPU interfaces three DDR2 devices (including one for ECC support). The
DDR2 memory is used as program and data memory

A 512 Mbit (64 Mbyte) NOR FLASH, organised as 32 M x16 bit, is used for
Non-volatile storage of Program code and logged measurement data. The CPU is
set up to boot from the top boot sector. The Program code is transferred to the
DDR2 memory and thereafter executed from the DDR2 memory.

[Link]. WATCHDOG AND RESET

watchdog circuitry safeguards the program performance. The MPC8308

CPU has an internal watchdog unit. The unit can be configured by software to give
a non-maskable interrupt or a hard reset on watchdog timeout. If the VDD_IN (+5V)
falls below 4.2V, an interrupt (power down pre-warning) is generated to the
MPC8308 (IRQ0n).

In case any MPC8308 supply rails rise higher than the specification, an
overvoltage reset signal is generated. This assures that the MPC8308 do not
perform unpredictable operations during the overvoltage condition.
Power On Reset singal PORESETN is generated during power up and any of
the supplied falls below a defined thershold. The Green CPU POWER GOOD LED
(D102) will be turned off in case the power monitor generates reset.
In addition, all power supply rails may be measured via the on board A/D
converter.
[Link]. DISPLAY/Keypad
The LCD display is of type Sharp LQ035Q3DW02 (or equivalent) 3.5'' and is
located on the KD 1824.

The keypad is located on KD 1824 and consists of five push-buttons (up,

down, left, right and OK), directly connected to a TCA6416A device that
communicates with the RM-board via the local I2C bus. The keypad is used for
menu selection at the front panel in case a computer connection with the RMM
program is not available. The other push-buttons are QUICKREAD, which provides
instantaneous access to readout of the primary parameters, and BACK. The BACK
push-button return the user to the previous screen.

[Link]. USB

The USB connector on the KD 1824 front panel can be used as a local port
for connecting to the RMM program.

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[Link]. DUART / RS-232 DRIVERS

UART1 is used for the Local port buffered with V.28 buffer
UART2 is used for communication with TCA 1218. Buffered with +5V CMOS
buffer.
LCS3 is used for accessing the DUART (SC16C2552B).
The RM 1823A module provides 4 asynchronous serial ports. All ports are
connected to the back plane connector P1. 2 ports are implemented by means of
an external DUART (ST16C2552). The last 2 serial ports are supported by the 2
internal UARTs in the MPC8308.
The use of the ports are listed below:
UART1: Local Port
DUART1: Remote port1
DUART2: Remote port2
UART2: To TCA 1218.
[Link]. IIC CONTROLLER

IIC1 is used for internal devices and IIC2 for the global I2C-bus. The IIC-2
controller handles the communication on the global I2C bus which is the main
communication bus for maintenance data collection in the NM 70xx ILS.

The RTC provides time data and can run on both battery and external 3.3V
voltage (V3P3). The A/D converter has eight input channels, one is for collecting
maintenance data from other boards and some of the others are used for
measuring internal voltages.

[Link]. ETHERNET-IF

The TSEC1 Controller is used as a10/100 base-T TX Ethernet Port and

interfaces through a DP83848K single port ethernet transceiver. The Ethernet port
is located at the back of the motherboard MB 1575 inside the ILS cabinet.
The device uses auto negotiation to select 10Mb/s or100 Mb/s half/full
duplex.
[Link]. CPU GPIO AND CONFIG/PCB/ID

The GPIO circuitry is used for the following purposes:

• Four lines are used as interrupt inputs from TCA 1218 and the three
Monitor boards (MON1/MON2/STBY MON)
• Interface to user config platform U303. The dipswitch provides various
boot options and shall normally not be changed, i.e. they shall be set to the factory
setting all switches OFF (or '1111', no connections to GND).
• Four lines used for PCB ID. These are hardcoded to determine the version
of the module.
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[Link]. REAL TIME CLOCK AND BATTERY

The board has a real time clock circuit (RTC) with battery backup to be used
for display and time stamping of events and it has also a RAM that is used for
storage of data such as events and measurements. A jumper plug can be removed
to disconnect the battery to avoid draining during long timer storage.

Two components (diodes/resistors) are mounted in series with the battery

for protection against overheating in case of short circuit.

The RTC communicates with the CPU via the I2C No. 2. Battery voltage is
monitored by theRMS via the A/D circuitry. To prevent discharging of the battery,
the voltage is sampled by the AD only when an activation signal opens the
transistor of an optocoupler.

Battery Jumper S101:

Jumper installed: Battery connected to RTC
Jumper not installed: Battery disconnected from RTC
During storage and transportation, jumper shall not be installed on S101
The battery can be disconnected by removing jumper S101 when the
module is being stored.
The battery voltage is measured using an optocoupler switch in order not
to discharge the battery. The battery provides approximately one month of
memory retention at continuous use (system power turned off). RMS battery
status is reported by the RMS system as Maintenance Parameter RMS BATTERY.

When replacing this battery please note below Warning text regarding
handling of Lithium batteries.

CAUTION: Danger of explosion if incorrectly replaced. Install with + pole facing

out as marked on battery holder. Replace only with CR2032 or equivalent type.
Following precautions for Safe Handling and Use of Lithium Batteries should
be noted:
 Do not disassemble, crush, expose to fire or high temperatures/sunlight
 Do not short or install with incorrect polarity
 Dispose in accordance with appropriate regulations
[Link]. ANALOGUE INTERFACE

The analogue interface block contains two analogue multiplexers and an

A/D-converter. The main function of this block is to measure analogue signals
provided from several measurement points in the NORMARC 70xxB equipment.
The analogue multiplexers are connected to the same address bus with separate
enable bits. This allows the analogue inputs to be measured separately as single

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ended signals, or to be paired for differential measurements. The AD converter is

used for monitoring all supply voltage rails, the backup battery for RTC and to
measure the selected analogue input

[Link]. SPEAKER WITH AMPLIFIER

The module has a speaker to be used for monitoring of the Ident tones
received from the LF boards via the backplane. There are four sources, CL and CLR
from both LF1 and LF2 that that can be selected as audio through an analogue MUX
by digital inputs from the I/O circuitry.

The signals in are named PAA_KEY[3:0].

The signal source for the speaker is amplified by means of an OP-AMP. 3

different volume settings are supported. The volume is set by means of jumper-
setting on S700 header.

Sound Level S700 programming

High Jumper shorts pin 1 and 2
Medium Jumper shorts pin 3 and 4
Low Jumper shorts pin 5 and 6

[Link]. LEDS

D102 - CPU POWER GOOD LED will be turned off in case the power monitor
generates reset.

D412 - Green LED Indicates that the software is running properly

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4.5. Describe TCA 1218 Transmitter Control Assembly

Figure 4.9 TCA1218 Simplified Block Diagram

The transmitter control section’s main purpose is to control the transmitters

on/off state. This is done based on alarm inputs from the monitors, inputs from
remote control, inputs from local keyboard (front panel for station control) and
inputs from the RMM system.
The station control receives alarm information from the monitors. Based on
the alarm status and the current mode of operation, the station control decides if
a changeover/shutdown should occur. The station control unit also receives
user/state inputs from remote control (example: Interlock) and the RMM system

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(example: Warning lamp outputs). Configuration selections on the TC 1216A board

also affects the operation of the station control.

The main functions of the TCA 1218C are performed by the station control
(SC) part of the transmitter control (TC). The SC takes care of the normal operating
tasks like turning transmitters on/off based on various inputs that may affect the
transmitter status. The SC also has a RMS interface enabling the RMM system to
read the status of the SC and to illuminate warning lamps etc. The terminator
(TRM) part of the TC takes over and shuts the ILS down if the SC is not able to
operate as expected. The TRM shuts down the power to the transmitters
approximately 1 second after an alarm situation or interlock state has occurred.
The remote control interface processes serial data from/to the remote control. This
unit also detects and reports faults in data transmission with remote control. The
data from the remote control are sent to both SC and TRM. The Transmitter control
unit displays the transmitter status of the ILS. It also provides a user interface,
enabling the user to perform basic operations on the ILS

Figure 4.10 Connection Diagram TCA1218

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4.5.1. TCA 1218 Transmitter Control Assembly General Description:

General description:
The TCA 1218C Transmitter Control Assembly consists of the transmitter control
TC 1216A and Local Control (front panel) LC 1217C.

Block diagram:

Description of selected signals:

MON1 SC ALARM BUS:

Station control alarm bus from monitor MO 1820A no.1. Consists of

M1S_AL_ID[4:0], ~M1S_AL_RDY, M1S_AL, ~M1S_AL_N and M1S_AL_RAW.

MON2 SC ALARM BUS:

Station control alarm bus from monitor MO 1820A no.2. Consists of

M2S_AL_ID[4:0],~M2S_AL_RDY, M2S_AL, ~M2S_AL_N and M2S_AL_RAW.

STBY MON ALARM BUS:

Station control alarm bus from standby monitor MO 1820A. Consists of

~MSTBYS_AL_RDY and MSTBYS_AL. Only used for hot standby configurations.

RMS BUS:

Interface to the RMS. Consists of IOD[7:0], IOCS, IOS[2:0].

MON1 TRM ALARM BUS:

Terminator alarm bus from monitor MO 1820A no.1. Consists of M1T_AL_ID[4:0],

~M1T_AL_RDY, M1T_AL, ~M1T_AL_N and M1T_AL_RAW.

MON2 TRM ALARM BUS:

Terminator alarm bus from monitor 2. Consists of M2T_AL_ID[4:0],

~M2T_AL_RDY, M2T_AL,
~M2T_AL_N and M2T_AL_RAW.

RC_BUS:

Interface to the line interface circuits for the remote control interface on CI
1748A (Section 8.1.10/ 8.1.10). Consists of SDIN, SDOUT, ~CD.
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[Link]. Block Diagram:

See Figure 4-9 and Figure 4-10. All blocks except Local Control are located
on TC 1216A.

[Link]. Block Description:

[Link].1. STATION CONTROL (SC MON DATA DETECTOR, SC STATE MACHINE
CONTROL, SC EVENT DETECTION)
Interprets the alarm bus from the monitors MO 1820A and generates alarm
(and standby alarm for hot standby configurations). These signals together with
inputs from local controls (on LC 1217), remote controls (via CI 1748A), RMS inputs
and configuration setup (in EEPROM and jumper settings) determine the
state/state change for the NORMARC 70xxB transmitter state. Status information
are generated and sent to local control panel (LC 1217) and remote control panel
(via CI 1748A). The RMS can poll the state of the station control at any time. State
changes generate an interrupt signal to the RMS. STATION CONTROL can shut off
the transmitters LPA1580A by turning off the RF-oscillators OS 1706A.

A DELAY block in Station Control section ensures that no transmitters are

allowed to transmit for 20 seconds after, an alarm shutdown has occurred or the
interlock signal from the REMOTE CONTROL IF block has been deactivated.

Most of the functionality of STATION CONTROL is handled by three FPGAs

NMP104A, NMP105A and NMP106A.

[Link].2. TERMINATOR

Interprets the alarm bus from the monitors MO 1820A and generates alarm.
This signal together with local controls (on LC 1217), remote controls (via CI
1748A), RMS inputs and configuration setup (in EEPROM and jumper settings)
determine the state of the terminator alarm (TRM_AL) output. TERMINATOR has
an extra 1s delay, so that the STATION CONTROL has time to fulfil transmitter state
changes before the terminator shuts the NORMARC 70xxB down. Terminator
alarm shuts the NORMARC 70xxB down by disconnecting the power supply from
the output stage of the transmitters LPA 1580A.

Most of the functionality of TERMINATOR is handled by FPGA NMP107A.

[Link].3. REMOTE CONTROL IF:

This unit converts signals from the station control and terminator to serial
messages (1 message is 2 bytes long). This is done continuously (approximately 10

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messages/s). The serial input from the remote control is converted to parallel
format. Messages from the remote control are accepted only if two equal
messages are received in sequence. If no valid message is received within 2s, the
remote control interface asserts a failure signal to inform the station control and
terminator that the link to the remote control is broken. Depending on the
configuration setup, this will turn the NORMARC 70xxB off.

[Link].4. CONFIG

Jumper plugs(U6 and U13) for configuration of the NORMARC 70xxB.

[Link].5. LOCAL CONTROL

Consist of keys, switches, switch locks lamps and indicators located on LC

1217C used to control and indicate operational status of the NORMARC 70xxB.

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4.6. Perform Boards Adjustments / Configuration

4.6.1. Main System Configuration(TCA 1218 Configuration)

To be able to use the same module in different configurations (LLZ / GP,

single freq. / dual freq.) several of the boards contain configuration platforms /
jumpers that have to be configured. Most of them will be configured correct from
factory while others may be configured on site according to the settings and
configuration performed during commissioning. It is important to remember that
whenever a board with configuration is replaced, the new board should always be
configured to match the old/faulty board.
The main system configurations are set with the strap platforms U6 and U13
on the TCA 1218 board.

1 Strap IN NOT interlock

Strap OUT Interlock
2 Strap IN NOT hot standby
Strap OUT Hot standby
3 Strap IN 2 frequency ILS
Strap OUT 1 frequency ILS
4 Strap IN 1 of 2 voting
Strap OUT 2 of 2 voting (default)
5 Strap IN Lost contact with remote control will NOT turn off
transmitters.
Strap OUT Lost contact with remote control will turn off transmitters.
(Default). Refer to Table 4.10 for setting the shutdown delay.
6 Strap IN WRITE PROTECT switch in horizontal position generate
service condition. (default)
Strap OUT WRITE PROTECT switch in horizontal position does not
generate service condition.
7 Strap IN ACCESS grant switch on remote control must be in access
grant position in order to obtain access level 2 or 3 from the
RMM system. (default)
Strap OUT ACCESS grant switch on remote control is overridden.
8 Strap IN Tells the RMS that this is a GP ILS.
Strap OUT Tells the RMS that this is a LLZ ILS.
9 Strap IN Spare, Not in use.
Strap OUT Spare, Not in use.
10 Strap IN See description below.
Strap OUT DEFAULT.
Table 4.9 TCA1218 Configuration
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[Link]. Resetting of MASTER password

Figure 4.11 TCA1218 Configuration

Strap 10 is used for resetting the master Password in case this has been lost.
The procedure is as follows:
a. Power rack off
b. Insert a temporary link for strap 10 on the configuration-block U6 on the TCA
1218 board
c. Reinsert TCA 1218
d. Power rack on
e. Wait till you see the message "master password reset" on the RMS LCD panel
f. Power rack off and remove strap 10
g. The master passwords has now been set to:
master1 [space] master2 [space] master3
h. Log in as MASTER from the PC using the three passwords above
i. Change the Master passwords to the wanted ones (default: master1 master2
master3)

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Figure 4.12 Transmitter Control Strap Platforms

[Link]. Lost contact with RC configuration

The action following a lost contact with Remote Control is configurable with
U6 and U13 in combination according to below (applies from revision 3 of the TCA
1218 board).
Note: If 2 sec or 30 sec delayed shutdown is set also set strap S27 on RCA
1750. If no shutdown is set strap S27 on RCA 1750 shall be open.

Action U6 strap 5 U13 strap 5

No shutdown IN Don’t care
2 sec. delayed shutdown (default) OUT OUT
30 sec. delayed shutdown OUT IN

Table 4.10 Setting RC link shutdown delay

[Link]. Change Over configuration

Normally a changeover does not influence the Main/Standby transmitter

selection. However by setting straps according to Table 4.11, a Changeover from
Remote Control will in addition to changing transmitter-on-air also redefine the
main and Standby transmitters (similar to pressing Main Select (TX1/TX2) and
Changeover on Local Control Panel).

Action U13 strap 1 U13 strap 2 U13 strap 4

Normal operation (default) OUT OUT OUT
Main select at changeover IN IN IN

Table 4.11 Setting RC Main select at changeover

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[Link]. Service mode configuration

During Service mode of operation, transmitting ILS equipment is normally

not shown as a green Normal LED on the Remote Control panel, only the red Alarm
LED will be lit. A special Service Mode for the Remote Control display has been
implemented for interfacing with customized Remote Control and Monitoring
Systems. In this configuration the Alarm, Warning and Normal LED will be showing
system status as during normal operation and the Remote Control panel will
indicate that the ILS equipment is in Service mode by a lit Access LED, often re-
labelled as SERVICE instead of ACCESS. This mode is configured as shown in table
below.

Action U13 strap 3

Normal Service mode indication (by Alarm OUT
LED) (Default)
Service Mode indicated by Access IN

Table 4.12 Indication of service mode configuration

[Link]. Remote Port access level configuration

Port Access level 2 Access level 3

Remote 1 Strap S1 Strap S2
Remote 2 Strap S3 Strap S4
and
Ethernet
Table 4.13 Remote Port Access level configuration

The allowed access levels on REMOTE ports

1 and 2 on the RMS can be configured by
setting jumpers S1- S4 on the Transmitter
Control Assembly TCA1218. Figure 4.13 Remote port access
configurations
Jumper in means that access level is allowed.
Jumper out means that access level is denied.
The picture shows a board configured for access on both level 2 and 3 on
both the Remote ports1 and 2.
The recommended setting is to allow only level 1 access via the Remote
ports 1 and 2 i.e. take all jumpers out.

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4.6.2. Software configurations

With the RMM program some configurations can be done

When the user selects "System options" in the General settings window the
tab shown below is displayed.

The user must be logged on as Master to make any changes to these

settings.

Figure 4.14 Software configurations

If any of these options are changed the RMS must be

restarted (power the cabinet off and on
Note 2: Factory mode must be selected in the File |
Preferences window to enable the hardware configuration
options

The following sections describe each option.

[Link]. Dual battery installed (NORMARC 7000B only)

Enable this option on racks which have dual battery banks. When enabled the
RMM and RMS software will show the maintenance measurements done on battery
2 and power supply 2: BATTERY CURR 2, POWER CURR 2, BATTERY VOLT 2.

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[Link]. Near Field Monitor not installed

This option is to be enabled when no NF monitor is installed on the ILS. It

will hide all the NF readings in the Monitor measurements window, hide all
readings of Maintenance parameters from monitor 1 MO and MF boards and
remove the options for readout and setting of NF alarm limits/warning limits/delay
from the LCD menu.
Note: In addition to enabling this option the NF alarm/warning limits must
manually be set OFF from the RMM software in factory mode to inhibit generation
of NF alarm and warnings. Use the Preferences window to turn on factory mode.
[Link]. Tilt sensor installed

This option is to be enabled when the tilt sensor is installed. When enabled,
the RMS and RMM software will display the tilt sensor measurements and limits.
Note: This option should only be used on GP equipment. RMS version 13.3 or later
is required to use this feature.

[Link]. Voice generator installed

This option is to be enabled when the ILS is equipped with the voice module
on the LF generator boards (NORMARC 7000A) or an external voice generator
(NORMARC 7000B). It is used for enabling voice measurements and options in the
RMS and RMM software.
[Link]. High power GP CLR

Enable this option if COU transmitters (GPA 1581A) are used to generate
CLR signals (normally generated by GPA 1582A). Note: Using GPA 1581A
transmitters this way, requires the 27V supply line for CLR SBO to be disconnected.
[Link]. Single Monitor system
This option is to be enabled in cabinets with one monitor. When enabled
the RMS ignores IIC read errors from monitor 2 and monitor 2 RF frontend and sets
these measurements to N/A. (The warning limits are, ignored for any maintenance
measurement that is N/A, so there is no need to set the limits "off"). Monitor
disagree warning (LED and event) is suppressed.
[Link]. Single Transmitter system
This option is to be enabled in cabinets with one transmitter chain. When
enabled the RMS will ignore IIC read errors from TX2: OS,LF, and LPA/GPA
COU/CLR, and sets the measurements to N/A. (The warning limits are, ignored for
any maintenance measurement that is N/A, so there is no need to set the limits
"off").

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[Link]. Manual mode turns off ident

When enabled, the RMS will automatically turn off the ident (and voice, if
present) when the system enters "manual" mode. The ident will also be turned off
about 1 second after startup if the system is in manual mode when powered on.
Also, the ident warning LED will not be activated while in manual mode. The ident
will also be turned on when the system enters "auto" mode.
Note: The RMS automatically sets the ident mode back to "Normal" when
logging out from access level 2 or higher. On equipment with LF 1223 boards (used
in NORMARC 7000A), the NMP110B.02 FPGA is required for setting Normal ident
if the RMS looses its access as a result of Grant/Deny switch change or
Local/Remote switch change.

[Link]. Manual mode turns transmitters off for 20 s (NORMARC 7000B only)

Enable this option to make the RMS automatically turn the transmitters off
when Manual mode is activated. After 20 seconds the RMS will turn the
transmitters on again.

[Link]. Signal integrity test failure on Param LED

Enable this option to activate the Param LED if any of the integrity checks
fails. When enabled, any monitor parameter warnings will not activate this LED,
instead any monitor parameter warning will be indicated by the Maint LED. Refer
to the handbooks for a description of the integrity checks performed by the RMS.
[Link]. μA DDM unit on LCD panel

When enabled, selects μA instead of %DDM as the DDM measurement unit

on the LCD.
[Link]. NF warning on DIG USER 7 (NORMARC 7000B only)

When enabled, causes the RMS to pull down Digital User parameter 7 when
a delayed warning is active on NF DDM, NF SDM or NF RF on Monitor 1 or/and 2
(depending on 1/2 or 2/2 voting configuration on the TCA board).

Note: Digital User parameter 7 is labelled USER_DIG_6 on the CI 1748 cover.

Note: When the equipment is in Local the delays are ignored, causing
immediate activation of the output on NF warning.

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4.7. Restore the Boards

4.7.1. Describe fault finding best practices down to LRM level

a) Run a Current Diagnostic from the RMM program

b) If the PS board is reported to be faulty, replace it
c) If the RMA board is reported to be faulty, replace it
4.7.2. Perform replacement procedure for the RMA 1822A board

[Link]. RMA 1822 Battery replacement

Battery replacement may lead to loss of the historical information (alarm

log, medium time log, long time log and event list) stored in the cabinet. The real
time clock of the cabinet may also be lost.
NO CRITICAL SETTINGS/CONFIGURATIONS ARE LOST.

To avoid loss of any historical information download this to the computer

BEFORE changing the battery.

If the battery is changed in less than 15 sec. loss of historical information

and real time clock is normally avoided.
Preparations: Download all historical information (Alarm log, medium and long-
time log.). The events from the cabinet are automatically downloaded when you
connect to the cabinet.
a) Get hold of a new battery.

b) Power down the system.

c) Pull out the RMA 1822 module.
d) Change battery.

Adjustment: After power up, log in as MASTER and check the real time clock of
the cabinet [ILS settings – General... – Date/time]. If necessary change the time.

PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE OF LITHIUM BATTERIES

Do not disassemble, crush, expose to fire or high temperatures /

sunlight
Do not short or install with incorrect polarity
Dispose in accordance with appropriate regulations. Lithium button
cell batteries such as CR2032 contains so little lithium that it can
normally be disposed of in the normal municipal waste stream

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[Link]. RMA 1822 module replacement

a) Power down system

b) Make sure you are wearing an ESD chain that is connected to either the
ILS cabinet or some other grounded point
c) Remove old unit
d) Insert jumper S1 to connect battery. If already inserted - change battery
e) Place the new card in the vacant slot and power up the system
f) Use RMM software to upload configuration to RMA 1822
The following settings are not stored in the configuration file and
must be manually updated:
• ILS Date/time
• User configuration
Check the maintenance parameters for the RMA 1822 unit

Make sure the ILS is operating in normal state (transmitters on) and check
that all parameters are normal.

4.7.3. Perform replacement procedure for the TCA board

When replacing a TCA board, please follow this procedure:

a) Make a print report of the monitor and maintenance values to document

what the key parameters were before the faulty module(s) was/were
changed
b) Power down the system
c) Make sure you are wearing an ESD chain that is connected to either the ILS
cabinet or some other grounded point
d) Remove faulty unit
e) Make sure that all configuration straps (U6 and U13) are set as on the
previous module. The best way to do this is to exchange the U6 and U13
component platform
f) Compare the revision numbers of the EPROM and FPGA units on the board.
Make sure the new unit contains the same EPROM and FPGA revisions
g) Power up the system

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h) Check the Monitor and Maintenance parameters, make a new printout and
compare with the printed report made when the system was operating
normally
i) Set the local/remote switch in local position and the auto/manual switch
in manual position. Check that it is possible to turn transmitters on/off and
perform a changeover
j) Set the auto/manual switch in auto position. Use RMM software to switch
off the 90 Hz tones of both main transmitters. Observe that a changeover,
and after a while a shutdown takes place
k) Make sure the ILS is operating in normal state (transmitters on) and check
that all parameters are normal.

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Appendix A

A.1 Diagnostic functions

A.1.1. General description

If the LOC or GP fails, the RMM software should be used to locate the faulty
LRU.
The RMM software can perform two types of diagnostic tests based on the
measurements made available by the embedded RMS software in the NORMARC
7000B cabinet:

1. “Current data diagnostics”. The diagnose is here based on live data

received from an connected ILS rack or based on historical data sets (snap
shots) of measurements previously stored to disk
2. Alarm event diagnostics”. This diagnostics function attempts to report
the cause of a transmitter changeover or a changeover/shutdown
situation. The diagnose is based on a particular alarm event in the event
list and the corresponding measurements in an alarm storage that will be
downloaded from the rack

The diagnostic tests are based on passive reading of various measurement

points inside the NORMARC 70XXB cabinet and the data from the executive
monitors. No special signals need to be injected for the algorithms to work
(although the transmitters must be turned on).

The operator needs to be logged in at access level 1 to perform a Current data

diagnostics and an Alarm event diagnostics. Since only access level 1 is required,
the diagnostics tests can therefore be performed locally or from a remote location
using a modem connection.
A.1.1.1. Current data diagnostics

The Current data diagnostics is invoked by selecting the ILS | Current data
diagnostics menu item in the RMM software.
There are two typical cases in which the current data diagnostics function may
be used:
1. On an operative ILS system, on which a warning situation is indicated. In
this case the current data diagnostics can be used to quickly find the
cause of the warning without taking the system out of service.
2. In manual mode after a transmitter changeover or shutdown situation
(monitor alarm). The system can then be set to transmit on air, and the
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current data diagnostics used to locate the module that is causing the
monitor alarms.

For detailed information about the algorithms used in the automatic Current
data diagnostics, refer to Section A.1.2.3
A.1.1.2. Alarm event diagnostics

The RMS subsystem in the NORMARC 7000B cabinet continuously reads data
sets from monitor 1, 2 and the standby monitor. The last 30 seconds of data are
stored in an internal ring buffer. This buffer is partitioned in groups with different
sampling periods:
• For the last 2 seconds, 10 data sets are stored each second for
monitor 1 and 2. Standby monitor data sets are stored at ¼ of this
frequency
• For the last 10 seconds, one data set is stored each second
• For the last 30 seconds, monitor 1, 2, standby and maintenance data are
stored every 5th second

When a changeover or shutdown alarm occurs the RMS does the following:
1. Stores the ring buffer with the last 30 seconds of monitor and
maintenance data from before the alarm in an internal alarm storage
buffer. This buffer resides in non-volatile RAM
2. Places a changeover or shutdown alarm event in the event list. This
event includes alarm state information for each monitor-channel. This
information is used by the RMM software for diagnosing the alarm event

The RMS keeps the seven most recent alarm storage buffers. A changeover-
only situation fills one alarm storage buffer, while a changeover with subsequent
shutdown situation uses two alarm storage buffers.
No alarm storage buffers will be saved if the equipment is in service mode
when the alarm occurs. (Service mode is activated by any of the following switches:
Local, Manual, Write Protect disable, Interlock Override and the Access Grant
enable switch on the Remote Control.)

The data in the buffers can be downloaded by the RMM software when a user
initiates an alarm event diagnostics (if the data is not already downloaded), and
used in the diagnostic algorithms described in the following sections.

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The operator initiates an alarm event diagnostics by first selecting a

changeover or shutdown alarm in the Event List and then selects the “Event
diagnostics” button.
Once the alarm storage has been downloaded it is also possible to display the
individual samples. This method can be used, in addition to the automatic
diagnostic function, to find the cause of changeover or shutdown alarms.
For information on how to download and display historical data see Section 4.
A.1.1.3. Manual fault diagnosis

Should the automatic diagnostic functions fail or give misleading results, manual
diagnosis using external measurement equipment can be performed.

A.1.2. Detailed description of the automatic diagnostic algorithms

[Link]

The following sections begin with a description of the diagnostic solutions that
may be reported by the software, and then continues with detailed descriptions of
the Current data diagnostics and the Alarm event diagnostics function.
[Link] diagnostic solutions

The following table lists and describes the diagnostic solutions that may be
reported by the diagnostic functions in the RMM software.

Diagnostic solution Description

MONITOR 1 Monitor 1 (MO1820) (LRU)
MONITOR 2 Monitor 2 (MO1820) (LRU)
STDBY MON Standby monitor (MO 1820) (LRU)
LF GENERATOR 1 LF generator 1 (LF 1576) (LRU)
LF GENERATOR 2 LF generator 2 (LF 1576) (LRU)
MONITOR FRONTEND 1 Monitor frontend 1 (MF 1821) (LRU)
MONITOR FRONTEND 2 Monitor frontend 2 (MF 1821) (LRU)
MONITOR FRONTEND Standby monitor frontend (MF 1821) (LRU)
STANDBY
OSCILLATOR 1 Oscillator 1 (OS 1706) (LRU)
OSCILLATOR 2 Oscillator 2 (OS 1706) (LRU)
LPA/GPA TX1 COURSE LPA/GPA TX1 COURSE (LRU)
LPA/GPA TX1 CLEARANCE LPA/GPA TX1 CLEARANCE (LRU)
LPA/GPA TX2 COURSE LPA/GPA TX2 COURSE (LRU)
LPA/GPA TX2 CLEARANCE LPA/GPA TX2 CLEARANCE (LRU)
RMS BOARD RMS board (RMA 1822) (LRU)
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Diagnostic solution Description
POWER SUPPLY 1 Power supply 1 (PS 1227) (LRU)
POWER SUPPLY 2 Power supply 2 (PS 1227) (LRU)
EXTERNAL POWER External power.
EXTERNAL FACTOR An external factor influencing monitor measurements.
COMMON CABLING Cabling or any part of the system that is common for
the transmitters or monitor system, e.g. antenna
element, cable, distribution or monitoring networks.
TX CONTROL TX control board (TCA 1218) (LRU)
REMOTE CONTROL Remote control unit (RCA 1750) (LRU) or its
communication link.
ANTENNA SYSTEM Antenna system.
USER INPUT User defined input on CI 1748A is in warning state.
UNABLE TO ISOLATE The diagnostic function was unable to determine a
possible faulty module.
[Link] data diagnostics

The following sub-sections describe the tests performed by the RMM

software for current data diagnostics. All diagnostic solutions detected are
recorded and presented to the opera- tor. If a diagnostic solution is found to be the
result of more than one test, the solution that is the result of most tests will be
listed first.

A.1.2.4.I2C read error on any board implies a failure on that board

If a board is reported with “ERROR” status there is probably a fault on this

board. “ERROR” indicates that the RMS does not detect valid I2C-bus acknowledge
signals from the board when attempting to read its maintenance data. All boards,
except the TX Control board, in the NORMARC 70XXB cabinet have an I2C-interface
to the RMS board.

Note: If several boards are indicated with “ERROR” status, the problem may be
a faulty I2C interface on the RMS board, or any of the boards may have a
“stuck-at” error on the I2C bus signals. If both the COU and CLR
transmitters are instructed with “ERROR” status, the problem may be a
faulty I2C interface or RMS bus communication with the corresponding LF
generator board.
[Link] parameter warnings
A.[Link]. External power supply tests

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

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If there is a maintenance warning indication (Battery Warning) for the
external Power Supply, there is a problem with the 27V supply (output), the
rectifier modules or the system is on battery operation (mains fail).
Depending on the configuration of the alarm outputs on the Power Supply,
the Battery Warning will normally be indicated in case of 2 or more of the
redundant rectifier modules in operating parallel are failing. An optional output can
be wired to the ILS cabinet, and will provide a warning if only one of the rectifier
modules is failing in which case the Power Supply is fully operational but with some
reduction in output power headroom. Normally this alarm is wired to User I/O
channel 2 for BC1361H and User I/O Channel 2 and 3 for BC1361J.

A.[Link]. Power supply 1 and 2 tests

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:
1. If there is a maintenance warning indication on power supply 1 and not
on power supply 2, or vice versa, there is a fault on the power supply
which has the warning
2. If there is a maintenance warning on both power supply boards AND not
on the external power module both power supplies are faulty.

A.[Link]. Maintenance warnings without follow-errors

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:
A maintenance warning on a board listed in the following table indicates that
there is a fault on that board.
Board
LF generator 1 or 2
Oscillator 1 or 2
RMS board
Monitor 1 or 2
TX Control board
User defined inputs

A.[Link]. Power amplifier tests

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:
Warnings on a PA implies PA failure if there is no warning or error on the
corresponding OS or LF.

DESCRIPTION:

The algorithm assumes that a warning indication on any of the measurements

on a PA means there is a failure on this PA, if the corresponding OS and LF have no
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maintenance warning indications. (A fault on the OS and LF may cause a warning
on the PA.)
A.[Link]. Monitor 1 and 2 frontend tests

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

Warning on monitor frontend 1 implies monitor frontend 1 failure if there is

no warning on monitor frontend 2 and vice versa.

DESCRIPTION

The Maintenance measurements from the monitor frontend boards will

be affected by the monitor input signals, i.e. the diagnostic algorithm cannot use
these measurements alone to reliably diagnose fault on the monitor frontend
boards. The algorithm assumes that both frontends are fed the same input signals.
If a maintenance warning then exists on one, but not both of the boards, this board
is assumed to be faulty. If maintenance warnings exist on both boards no
knowledge is gained about monitor frontend health status.
A.[Link]. Remote control tests

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

If there is a “RC link status” warning, there is a problem with the remote
control or its data link.

DESCRIPTION:
A warning on the RC link status indicates that the TXC does not receive valid
data from the remote control unit.
A.[Link]. Transmitter control tests

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

TX control “EPROM check” or “Integrity check” warnings indicate a failure on

the TXC board.

A.[Link]. Standby monitor tests

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

If there is a warning on the standby monitor board this board is faulty.

A.[Link]. Standby monitor frontend tests

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

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If there is a warning on the standby monitor frontend board AND there is no
warning or alarm indication on the standby monitor measurements then the
standby monitor frontend board is faulty.

A.[Link]. User defined parameters

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

If there is a warning on any of the user defined inputs then “User defined
input” is faulty.

[Link] self-test error

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

Monitor self-test failure indicates an error on the monitor board that reports
this failure.

[Link] DC-loop alarm

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

If both monitor 1 AND monitor 2 reports DC-loop alarms or warnings the

antenna has a broken element.

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[Link] warning tests

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:
Figure A-1 illustrates the tests done by the RMM software for automatically
diagnosing faults that result in monitor 1 and 2 warning indications.

Figure A-1 Flow diagram for Monitor warning tests

[Link] disagree

DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM:

If one monitor indicates delayed warning, raw alarm or alarm on any

parameter and the other monitor does not, then the monitor which indicates the
delayed warning, raw alarm or alarm is probably faulty.

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A.1.3. Alarm event diagnostics

A.1.3.1. Changeover without shutdown

The flow diagram in Figure A-2 describes the algorithm used to diagnosing a
changeover alarm that is not followed by a shutdown alarm. The RMM software
uses the maximum configured monitor alarm delay to determine whether a
changeover alarm is followed by a shutdown. If no shutdown alarm event occurred
within the maximum configured alarm delay after the changeover alarm event this
algorithm will be used.

Figure A-2 Flow diagram for diagnosing a changeover-only alarm

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A.1.3.2. Changeover with subsequent shutdown

A changeover alarm event that is followed by a shutdown alarm event within

the maximum configured monitor delay will be diagnosed as described in this
section. The algorithm used depends on the voting configuration.

A.1.3.3. Algorithm for systems with 2/2 voting

Figure A-3 shows the flow diagram for diagnosing changeover/shutdown

situations on systems with 2/2 voting.

DESCRIPTION:

The algorithm is based on the fact that a fault (in a 2/2 voting system) which
causes a complete shutdown, must be some point that is common for the
transmitter section and the monitoring section.

Figure A-3 Flow diagram for diagnosing changeover/shutdown alarms

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Appendix - B

Monitor and Maintenance Parameters

B-1 Monitor Parameters

These are ILS parameters measured by the monitors. An alarm on any of these
parameters can be configured to cause change-over/shut-down.

Channel Parameter Description

CL DDM Course Line - Difference in depth of modulation
SDM Course Line - Sum of depth of modulation
RF Course Line - RF level
DS DDM Displacement Sensitivity - Difference in depth of modulation
SDM Displacement Sensitivity - Sum of depth of modulation
RF Displacement Sensitivity - RF level
NF DDM Near Field - Difference in depth of modulation
SDM Near Field - Sum of depth of modulation
RF Near Field - RF level
CLR DDM Clearance - Difference in depth of modulation
SDM Clearance - Sum of depth of modulation
RF Clearance - RF level
- DF Difference Frequency
IDENT CL ACT IDENT activity signal from CL monitor (LOC only)
CLR ACT IDENT activity signal from CLR monitor (LOC only)
CL ID MOD IDENT signal modulation on CL monitor (LOC only)
CLR ID MOD IDENT signal modulation on CLR monitor (LOC only)
CL ID CODE IDENT signal Morse code on CL monitor (LOC only)
CLR ID CODE IDENT signal Morse code on CLR monitor (LOC only)
TEST DDM Monitor self test signal
SDM Monitor self test signal
RF Monitor self test signal
SELF TEST Monitor self test signal from TX control (derived from monitor
self test parameters)
DC-LOOP DC-LOOP 1 DC-LOOP for antenna element group 1 (LOC only)
DC-LOOP 2 DC-LOOP for antenna element group 2 (LOC only)
DC-LOOP 3 DC-LOOP for antenna element group 3 (LOC only)
DC-LOOP 4 DC-LOOP for antenna element group 4 (LOC only)
FFM DDM Ch. A Far Field Monitor Ch. A DDM
(only with SDM Ch. A Far Field Monitor Ch. A SDM
FC 1927) RF Ch. A Far Field Monitor Ch. A RF
DDM Ch. B Far Field Monitor Ch. B DDM
SDM Ch. B Far Field Monitor Ch. B SDM
RF Ch. B Far Field Monitor Ch. B RF
Execute Alarm Select Non-Exec / Exec alarm

Table B-1 Monitor Alarm/Warning Parameters

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Channel Parameter Description

CL DDM Course Line - Difference in depth of modulation
SDM Course Line - Sum of depth of modulation
RF Course Line - RF level
DS DDM Displacement Sensitivity - Difference in depth of modulation
SDM Displacement Sensitivity - Sum of depth of modulation
RF Displacement Sensitivity - RF level
NF DDM Near Field - Difference in depth of modulation
SDM Near Field - Sum of depth of modulation
RF Near Field - RF level
CLR DDM Clearance - Difference in depth of modulation
SDM Clearance - Sum of depth of modulation
RF Clearance - RF level
- DF Difference Frequency
IDENT CL ACT IDENT activity signal from CL monitor (LOC only)
CLR ACT IDENT activity signal from CLR monitor (LOC only)
CL ID MOD IDENT signal modulation on CL monitor (LOC only)
CLR ID MOD IDENT signal modulation on CLR monitor (LOC only)
TEST DDM Monitor self-test signal
SDM Monitor self-test signal
RF Monitor self-test signal
SELF TEST Monitor self-test signal from TX control (derived from monitor
self-test parameters)
DC LOOP DC LOOP 0 DC-LOOP for antenna element group 0 (LOC only)
DC LOOP 1 DC-LOOP for antenna element group 1 (LOC only)
DC LOOP 2 DC-LOOP for antenna element group 2 (LOC only)
DC LOOP 3 DC-LOOP for antenna element group 3 (LOC only)
FFM DDM Ch. A Far Field Monitor Ch. A DDM
(only with SDM Ch. A Far Field Monitor Ch. A SDM
FC 1391) RF Ch. A Far Field Monitor Ch. A RF
DDM Ch. B Far Field Monitor Ch. B DDM
SDM Ch. B Far Field Monitor Ch. B SDM
RF Ch. B Far Field Monitor Ch. B RF
Execute Alarm Select Non-Exec / Exec alarm

Table B-1 Monitor Alarm/Warning Parameters

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B-2 Maintenance Parameters

These parameters may cause maintenance warning and can be used for fault isolation
purposes.
Originates Gives WARNING when
Parameter
from module (with default warning limits setting):
MO 1820 FPGA STAT Detects errors in the FPGA signal processing
CPLD STAT Detects errors in the CPLD signal processing
+5V +5V supply voltage ok/not ok
+15V +15V supply voltage ok/not ok
VINT + Internal voltages ok/not ok
DS 180 HZ *) 180Hz content in DS Signal
DS 270 HZ *) 270Hz content in DS Signal
DS 300 HZ *) 300Hz content in DS Signal
DS 450 HZ *) 450Hz content in DS Signal
CLR 180 HZ *) 180Hz content in CLR Signal
CLR 270 HZ *) 270Hz content in CLR Signal
CLR 300 HZ *) 300Hz content in CLR Signal
CLR 450 HZ *) 450Hz content in CLR Signal
CL PHASE *) Number of degrees between CL 90 and CL 150 Hz tone, see
ICAO Annex 10 para [Link].3
CLR PHASE *) Number of degrees between CLR 90 and CLR 150 Hz tone,
see ICAO Annex 10 para [Link].3
30 HZ PHASE DIFF Measures the LF phase between the CL and CLR LF signals,
based on the combined 90 and 150 Hz curve forms
CL RF FREQ Measures the frequency of the CL carrier relative to the nomi-
nal carrier frequency. Note: In single frequency equipment this
value is the same as the carrier frequency
CLR RF FREQ Measures the frequency of the CLR carrier relative to the
nominal carrier frequency. Note: In single frequency equip-
ment this value is N/A
DS VOICE Measures the frequencies in the range 300Hz-3000 Hz
DS NOISE Highest measured value in the range 10-300 Hz, except the
90/150/180/270 and 300 Hz frequencies
CLR VOICE Measures the frequencies in the range 300Hz-3000 Hz
CLR NOISE Highest measured value in the range 10-300 Hz, except the
90/150/180/270 and 300 Hz frequencies
MF 1821 +8,5V Measures that the 8,5V is present
+15V Measures that the 15,5V is present
VINT Detects that all internal voltages are OK
FPGA RESET Tells if the FGA is stuck in reset
FPGA STAT Detects errors in the FPGA signal processing
SEU ERROR Detects Single Event Upsets in the FPGA
ADC ERROR Detects errors in both of the AD Converters
PLL ERROR Detects PLL lock errors
FLASH ERROR Detects CRC errors or read/write errors in the flash
LF 1576 -15 V OK -15 V supply voltage status
+15 V OK +15 V supply voltage status
+2.5 V OK +2.5 V supply voltage status
+3.5 V OK +3.5 V supply voltage status
Watchdog Watchdog status. This signal is set to 1 if the watchdog has
reset the DSP
DSP execution DSP software execution status. This signal is set to 0 if the
DSP does not access the FPGA
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DSP memory check DSP memory status. This signal is set to 1 by the DSP soft-
ware if it detects any failure in the external flash program
memory or the internal RAM
EEPROM parity Parity check status of the configuration data EEPROM. This
signal is set to 1 by the DSP software if a parity error is
detected in any of the configuration settings
OS 1706 COURSE OUTPUT RF level output to COURSE transmitter is below a predefined
LEVEL level
COU TUNEVOLT COURSE tune voltage outside predefined limits
COURSE SYNTH Synthesizer has been out of lock since COURSE transmitter
LOCK WARN was turned on
COURSE LOCK COURSE synthesizer is out of lock
DETECT
CLR OUTPUT RF level output to CLR transmitter is below a predefined level
LEVEL
CLR TUNEVOLT CLR tune voltage outside predefined limits
CLR SYNTH LOCK Synthesizer has been out of lock since CLR transmitter was
WARN turned on
CLR LOCK CLR synthesizer is out of lock
DETECT

Table B-2 Maintenance Parameters (Part 1)

Originates from
Parameter Description
module
TX LPA/GPA +5 V OK +5 V supply voltage status
+8.5 V OK +8.5 V supply voltage status
+27 V CSB Measurement of the +27 supply voltage fed to the CSB power
amplifier stage
+27 V SBO Measurement of the +27 supply voltage fed to the SBO power
amplifier stage (not applicable for clearance transmitters in GP
equipment)
-15 V OK -15 V supply voltage status
CSB forward power Measurement of the forward power on the CSB output
CSB reverse power Measurement of the reverse power on the CSB output
SBO forward power Measurement of the forward power on the SBO output
SBO reverse power Measurement of the reverse power on the SBO output
CSB I-phase drive Measurements of the peak voltage to the CSB I modulator
CSB Q-phase drive Measurements of the peak voltage to the CSB Q modulator
SBO I-phase drive Measurements of the peak voltage to the SBO I modulator
SBO Q-phase drive Measurements of the peak voltage to the SBO Q modulator
Temperature Measurement of the temperature of the power amplifier assembly
in degrees Celsius

RMA 1215 RMS +5V +5V voltage measurement (Volt)

RMS BATTERY Clock and RAM battery voltage measurement (Volt)
PS 1227 PS1 -15V Measured value of -15V supply voltage from PS1227 #1
PS2 -15V Measured value of -15V supply voltage from PS1227 #2
PS1 +5V Measured value of +5V supply voltage from PS1227 #1
PS2 +5V Measured value of +5V supply voltage from PS1227 #2
PS1 +8.5V Measured value of +8.5V supply voltage from PS1227 #1
PS2 +8.5V Measured value of +8.5V supply voltage from PS1227 #2
PS1 +15V Measured value of +15V supply voltage from PS1227 #1
PS2 +15V Measured value of +15V supply voltage from PS1227 #2
TX1 CLR I SBO Measured value of current through TX1 CLR SBO amplifier
TX1 CLR I CSB Measured value of current through TX1 CLR CSB amplifier

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TX1 COURSE I SBO Measured value of current through TX1 COURSE SBO amplifier
TX1 COURSE I CSB Measured value of current through TX1 COURSE CSB amplifier
TX2 CLR I SBO Measured value of current through TX2 CLR SBO amplifier
TX2 CLR I CSB Measured value of current through TX2 CLR CSB amplifier
TX2 COURSE ISBO Measured value of current through TX2 COURSE SBO amplifier
TX2 COURSE I CSB Measured value of current through TX2 COURSE CSB amplifier
CI 1748 AIR CON Air condition status input
FIRE Fire alarm status input
INTRUDER Intruder alarm status input
SPARE AUX User defined input
PC 1749 - upper CHARGER STATUS 1 Main supply OK/not OK
BATT CURRENT 2 Measured value of battery current (negative if charging)
POWER CURRENT 1 Measured value of battery current flowing from this charger
PC 1749 - lower CHARGER STATUS 2 Main supply OK/not OK
(hot standby or dual
power only)
BATT CURRENT 2 Measured value of battery current (negative if charging)
POWER CURRENT 2 Measured value of battery current flowing from this charger

Table B-3 Maintenance Parameters (Part 2)

Originates from
Parameter Description
module
CI 1748 Temp in Inside temperature (if installed)
Temp out Outside temperature (if installed)
AC voltage Mains voltage (if installed)
User defined 3 user defined analog inputs

Table B-4 User Defined Analog Inputs Maintenance Parameters

Originates from
Parameter Description
module
CI 1748 User defined 8 user defined logical inputs/outputs

Table B-5 User Defined Logical Inputs/Outputs Maintenance Parameters

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Appendix-C

C.1. Factory Default Configuration Settings

C.1.1. Cat I monitor LIMIT configuration

Factory default alarm, warning-limits and nominal values are shown in Table C-1.
DDM values are in % DDM (which is the default DDM measurement unit in the RMM soft-
ware).
Limit values are relative to the configured nominal value. The nominal values for DDM
measurements can be configured by the user. Other nominal values cannot be modified by
the user.
Monitor 1 and monitor 2 are always configured equally and according to Table C-1. The
standby monitor is also configured according to this table, but with a few exceptions, see
the notes following the table.
Note that for the CL, DS, NF, CLR, and FFM channels the alarm limits are fine-tuned during
commissioning and flight tests to match each site installation.
For information on using the RMM software to set the monitor limits, see Section 4.

LOC GP
Channel Signal Nom Alarm L/H Warn L/H Nom Alarm L/H Warn L/H
CL DDM 0A ±15A 75% 0A ±35A *) Note 75%
3

CL SDM 40%SDM ±4%SDM 75% 80%SDM ±5%SDM 75%

CL RF 0.0dB*) 1f: -3/+3dB 75% 0.0dB 1f: -3/+3 dB 75%
*) Note 5 2f: -1/+1dB 2f: -1/+1 dB
NF DDM 0A ±15A 75% 0A ±45A 75%
NF SDM 40%SDM ±20%SDM 75% 80%SDM ±20%SDM 75%
NF RF 0.0dB*) -4/+4 dB 75% 0.0dB -4/+4 dB 75%
*) Note 5
DS DDM 150A ±25A 75% 75A*) Note ±18A *) Note 75%
*) Note 1 4 4
DS SDM 40%SDM ±20%SDM 7% 80%SDM ±20%SDM 75%
DS RF 0.0dB*) -4/+4 dB 75% 0.0dB -4/+4 dB 75%
*) Note 5
CLR DDM *) Note 2 1f: Off 1f: 100% *) Note 2 1f: Off 1f: 100%
2f: ±38A 2f: 75% 2f: ±45A 2f: 75%
CLR SDM 40%SDM 1f: Off 1f: 100% 80%SDM 1f: Off 1f: 100%
2f: ±4.0 2f: 75% 2f: ±5 2f: 75%
CLR RF 0.0dB*) 1f: OFF 1f: 100% 0.0dB 1f: OFF 1f: 100%
*) Note 5 2f: -1/+1 dB 2f: 75% 2f: -1/+1 dB 2f: 75%
DF 10 kHz 1f: Off 1f: 100% 15 kHz 1f: Off 1f: 100%
2f: ±4 2f: 75% 2f: ±4.5 2f: 75%
CLR ID ACT 1 +/-0 Or off +/-0 Or off 1 Off Off
CLR ID CODE 1 +/-0 Or off +/-0 Or off 1 Off Off
CLR ID MOD 10.0% Off +/-3% 0.0% Off Off
CL ID ACT 1 +/-0 Or off +/-0 Or off 1 Off Off
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LOC GP
Channel Signal Nom Alarm L/H Warn L/H Nom Alarm L/H Warn L/H
CL ID CODE 1 +/-0 Or off +/-0 Or off 1 Off Off
CL ID MOD 10.0% Off +/-3% 0.0% Off Off
Self test DDM 0A ±50A 100% 0A +/-60A 100%
Self test SDM 40%SDM +/-10% 100% 80%SDM +/-20% 100%
Self test RF 0.0dB +/- 3dB 100% 0.0dB +/- 3dB 100%
*) Note 5
FFM ChA 0A ±15A 75% 0A ±35A 75%
*) Note 6 DDM
FFM ChA 40%SDM ±4%SDM 75% 80%SDM ±5%SDM 75%
*) Note 6 SDM
FFM ChA RF 0.0dB -10dB -8dB/off 0.0dB Off Off
*) Note 6
FFM ChB 0A ±15A 75% 0A Off 100%
*) Note 6 DDM
FFM ChB 40%SDM ±4%SDM 75% 80%SDM Off 10%
*) Note 6 SDM
FFM ChB RF 0.0dB -10dB -8dB/off 0.0dB Off Off
*) Note 6
FFM EXE AL NA NA NA NA NA NA
*) Note 6

Table C-1 CAT I alarm and warning limits

*) Note 1: The alarm limit should be ±17% of the nominal value

*) Note 2: The CLR nominal value should be set to whatever is measured as a DDM
value on the CLR signal in to the monitor

*) Note 3:
simultaneously with a low GP angle alarm condition to satisfy the ICAO Annex
10 requirement of an alarm at 7.5% change of GP angle

*) Note 4: The alarm limit should be ±25% of the nominal value i.e. if the nominal
monitor point is set to

*) Note 5: Alarm limits listed in dB's. The user can switch back to Volts after RF level
adjustment has been carried out

*) Note 6: FFM Executive Alarm is normally used only if FFM monitor is used as
replacement for NF monitoring in CAT I installations. If FFM Executive alarm
is desired this must be activated from Monitor Settings-Monitor
Configuration
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• Unused DC-loop channels: Set monitor alarm limits OFF and warning limits
to 100%
• Unused Far Field Monitor (FFM) channels: Set monitor alarm limits to OFF
and warn-ing limits to 100% (RF warning to ±100)
• Unused VOICE channels: Set alarm limits to OFF and warning limits to ±204
• Standby monitor: Always disable alarms and warnings on the following
channels: NearField, DC-loop, Far Field Monitor, and Voice
C.1.2. DC-loop Alarm Limits
Since the DC-loop is getting voltage in parallel from both MO-boards, both monitors must
be installed and work correctly for the DC-loop to detect error.
If one MO-board is out, the DC-loop will not detect faults.

NM 7220A/
NM 3523B NM 3524 NM 3525 NM 3526 NM 7212A/C B/C NM 7232A
NM7216A/C

Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High

DC-L0 2 42 2 42 2 42 2 42 20 905 20 1003 20 593

DC-L1 2 42 2 42 2 42 2 42 20 920 20 1003 20 593

DC-L2 Off Off Off Off 2 42 2 42 Off Off 20 1003 20 593

DC-L3 Off Off Off Off 2 42 2 42 Off Off 20 1003 20 593

Warning Low/High 100%

Table C-2 DC Loop alarm Limits(LOC Only)

C.1.3. Description of the FFM EXE AL limits

FFM Executive Alarm is normally not used.

If a Far Field Monitor is present for a Localizer, the Far Field parameters can be set up with
alarm limits for SDM/DDM and RF as normal. Make sure that the FFM delay is set long
enough to filter out e.g. aircraft taxiing.

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In order to get a changeover/shutdown due to Far Field Alarm, the FFM Executive must be
set to 1 in the monitor settings window, as shown below

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C.1.4. Description of the CL IDENT and CLR IDENT limits

CL ID ACT and CLR ID ACT

The CL ID ACT and CLR ID ACT parameters measures the modulation levels and sets the output
to OFF (0), KEYED (1) or CONTINUOUS (2). If the modulation level the last second is less than
3%, then the parameters are set to OFF. If the modulation level is greater than 3% for the last
second the parameters are set to CONTINUOUS. Otherwise, they are set to KEYED.

The nominal value for LOC is 1 (KEYED). Set the warning limits to +/-0 if CONTINUOS Ident or
No Ident shall give an Ident warning. Otherwise set to OFF. The same applies for (Execu- tive)
Ident Alarm. Note that during ident pauses this parameter will be measured to OFF, and the
ident delay must be set longer than the expected pause in the sequence, typically some
seconds, in order to avoid ident warning and alarm toggling on and off.
If the LOC ident is going to be collocated with a DME ident (LOC transmitting 3 ident words and
DME transmitting the forth word) the Ident delay must be long enough to avoid generation of
an Ident alarm when the DME is transmitting the ident

The GP has no ident, and the alarm and warning limits must be set to OFF.

CL ID CODE and CLR ID CODE

The CL ID CODE and CLR ID CODE parameters decodes the Morse code in the monitors and
compares to the expected value. The value is set to 1 (Nominal) if the correct code is decoded.
After a decoding sequence, the parameters are set to 0 before a new decoding sequence is
started.

In order for this to work, the ident delay must be set longer than the expected pause in the
sequence, the nominal value must be set to 1 (correctly decoded Morse code) and the warn-
ing and alarm limits must be set to either +/-0 or OFF, depending on whether wrong code shall
lead to warning or alarm.

In addition, the monitors must be told what the expected Morse code is. From the RMM menu,
select

ILS Settings - Monitoring - Monitor configuration. The parameters MONx IDENT_CODE and
STBY IDENT_CODE shall be set to the same ident code as used by the transmitters. These values
must match for the ident code to be correctly decoded.

The GP has no ident, and the alarm and warning limits must be set to OFF.

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C.1.5. Cat II monitor LIMIT configuration

For Cat II equipment the monitor limits are configured as for Cat I (see Table C-1), with the exceptions
shown in Table C-3. (Only the LOC limits are different.)

LOC
Channel Signal Nom Ala H/L Wa H/L
CL DDM 0.µA ±10µA 75 %
NF DDM 0.µA ±10µA 75 %

Table C-3 Alarm and warning limits for Cat II equipment

C.1.6. Cat III monitor LIMIT configuration

For Cat III equipment the monitor limits are configured as for Cat I (see Table C-1), with the
exceptions shown in Table C-4. (Only the LOC limits are different.)

LOC
Channel Signal Nom Ala H/L Wa H/L
CL DDM 0.µA ±8µA 75 %
NF DDM 0.µA ±8µA 75 %

Table C-4 Alarm and warning limits for Cat III equipment

C.1.7. Executive Monitor delay configuration

The factory default delay configuration for Cat I and II/III (values compliant with ICAO A n n e x
10) are shown in Table C-5.

Note: That Annex 10 specifies the total changeover + shutdown delay after an alarm. The delay val-
ues used in the NORMARC 7000 RMM software are the time delay between the detection of an
alarm and the resulting changeover or shutdown. When a changeover takes place the delay
counters are reset. The values entered in the RMM software are therefore set to the Annex 10
value divided by two. The "Integrity Test - Monitor Delay Verification" delay shall be set to the
total changeover-shutdown time + 1 second (2*GEN delay + 1s).

The NF delay is used for alarms on the NF DDM, SDM and RF parameters. The IDENT delay is used on
the CL/CLR IDENT, MORSE and VOICE parameters. The FFM delay is used on all FFM parameters
including FFM EXE AL. The GEN delay is used on all remaining parameters.

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LOC GP
Channel Cat I Cat II/III Cat I Cat II/III
GEN 5s 1s 3s 1s
NF 20 s 20 s 20 s 20 s
IDENT *) 20 s 20 s N/A N/A
FFM 60 s 60 s 60 s 60 s
INTEGRITY TEST 11s 3s 7s 3s

Table C-5 Factory default delay values

*) It is recommended to use minimum 30 seconds as the delay for IDENT on the standby monitor on
both Cat I and II/III. This is recommended in order to ensure that the RMS detects the toggling of the
IDENT measurements from the standby monitor. Detecting the toggling is required in order not to
generate IDENT warning. Some (short) ident codes may else cause the ILS to generate IDENT warnings
on the standby monitor.

C.1.8. Maintenance parameter configuration

This following sub-sections describes the maintenance measurements collected by the RMS
for diagnostic purposes. Default warning limits is also defined for each measurement type.

The warning limit for digital measurement point, are set to the “normal” state of the measure-
ment point. For example, for a measurement point that is normally “HIGH”, the warning limit
isset to “HIGH”.

For analog measurement points the limits are specified as “low limit”/”high limit”.

See Appendix D for information on using the RMM software to set these limits.

Set the low/high limits to:

• 1/1 generate warning when the input pins is open (not connected together)
• 0/0 generate warning when the input pins is shorted
• 0/1 do not generate warning

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C.1.8.1. Oscillator 1 and 2 (OS 1706)

Measurement Warn. Description

limit.
COU OUTPUT LEVEL HIGH Detects low output level from the
board. May cause low radiated power.
COU TUNEVOLT HIGH Voltage Controlled Oscillator
parameter drift.
COU SYNTH LOCK HIGH The phase locked loop has been out
of lock. (May be reset by turning the
TX off/on.)
COU LOCK DETECT HIGH Output frequency is unstable.
CLR OUTPUT LEVEL HIGH Detects low output level from the
board. May cause low radiated power.
CLR TUNEVOLT OK HIGH Voltage controlled oscillator
parameter drift.
CLR SYNTH LOCK HIGH The phase locked loop has been out
of lock. (May be reset by turning the
TX off/on.)
CLR LOCK DETECT HIGH Output frequency is stable/not stable.

C.1.8.2. LF generator 1 and 2 (LF 1576)

Measurement Warn. limit Description

-15 V 0/0 (Normally -15 V supply voltage status.
low)
+15 V 1/1 (Normally +15 V supply voltage status.
high)
+2.5 V 0/0 (Normally +2.5 V supply voltage status.
low)
+3.5 V 0/0 (Normally +3.5 V supply voltage status.
low)
Watchdog 0/0 (Normally Watchdog status. This signal is set to
low) 1 if the watch- dog has reset the DSP.
DSP execution 1/1 (Normally DSP software execution status. This
high) signal is set to 0 if the DSP does not
access the FPGA.

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DSP memory check 0/0 (Normally DSP memory status. This signal is set
low) to 1 by the DSP software if it detects
any failure in the external flash
program memory or the internal
RAM.
EEPROM parity 0/0 (Normally Parity check status of the
low) configuration data EEPROM. This
signal is set to 1 by the DSP soft- ware
if a parity error is detected in any of
the configuration settings.

C.1.8.3. TX 1 and 2, Course and Clearance

Measurement Warn. limit Description
+5 V 1/1 (Normally +5 V supply voltage status.
high)
+8.5 V 1/1 (Normally +8.5 V supply voltage status.
high)
+27 V CSB 22/28 Measurement of the +27 supply
voltage fed to the CSB power amplifier
stage.
+27 V SBO 22/28 Measurement of the +27 supply
voltage fed to the SBO power
amplifier stage (not applicable for
clear- ance transmitters in GP
equipment).
-15 V 0/0 (Normally -15 V supply voltage status.
low)
TX1 COU CSB LOC: - Measurement of the supply current
current 0.10/4.5A to the power amplifiers.
GP: -
0.10/3.5A
NM 7033B-
34B: COU -
0.10/3.5A
CLR -
0.10/1.5A

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TX1 COU SBO LOC: - Measurement of the supply current
current 0.10/1.5A to the power amplifiers.
GP: -
0.10/1.5A
NM 7033B-
34B: COU -
0.10/1.5A
CLR N/A
CSB forward power LOC: Measurement of the forward power
15W/26W on the CSB out- put.
GP:
4W/9W
NM 7033B-
34B: COU
4W/9W CLR
0.04W/1W
CSB reverse power 0W/2W Measurement of the reverse power
NM 7033B- on the CSB out- put.
34B: COU
0W/2W
CLR 0W/0.5
SBO forward power LOC: Measurement of the forward power
0.2W/2W on the SBO out- put.
GP:0.04W/
1W NM
7033B-34B:
COU
0.04W/1W
CLR n/a
SBO reverse power LOC: Measurement of the reverse power
0W/0.3W on the SBO out- put.
GP:
0W/0.3W
NM 7033B-
34B: COU
0W/0.3W
CLR N/A
CSB I-phase drive LOC: - Measurements of the peak voltage to
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0.5V/3V GP: the CSB I modulator
-0.5V/4.5V
CSB Q-phase drive LOC: - Measurements of the peak voltage to
0.5V/3V GP: the CSB Q modulator
-0.5V/4.5V
SBO I-phase drive -0.5V/3V Measurements of the peak voltage to
NM 7033B- the SBO I modulator
34B: COU -
0.5V/3V
CLR 0V/0V
SBO Q-phase drive -0.5V/3V Measurements of the peak voltage to
NM 7033B- the SBO Q modulator
34B: COU -
0.5V/3V
CLR 0V/0V
Temperature -10/95 Measurement of the temperature of
the power amplifier assembly in
degrees Celsius.

C.1.8.4. RF frontends for monitor 1, 2 and standby monitor (MF 1821)

Measurement Warn. Descripti

limit on
+8,5V HIGH Measures that the 8,5V is present
+15V HIGH Measures that the 15V is present
VINT HIGH Detects that all internal voltages are
OK
FPGA RESET HIGH Tells if the FPGA is stuck in reset
FPGA STAT LOW Detects errors in the FPGA signal
processing
SEU ERROR HIGH Detects Single Events Upsets in the
FPGA
ADU ERROR LOW Detects error in both of the AD
Converters
PLL ERROR LOW Detects PLL lock errors
FLASH ERROR LOW Detects CRC errors or read/write
errors in the flash

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C.1.8.5. Monitor 1, 2 and standby (MO 1820)

Measurement Warn. limit Descripti

on
FPGA STAT LOW Detects errors in the FPGA signal
processing
CPLD STAT LOW Detects errors in the CPLD signal
processing
+5V HIGH +5 V supply voltage ok/not ok.
+15V HIGH +15 V supply voltage ok/not ok.
VINT HIGH +Internal voltages ok/not ok.
DS 180 HZ*) 0% (Lo) 1 (Hi) 180Hz content in DS Signal
DS 270 HZ*) 0% (Lo) 1 (Hi) 270Hz content in DS Signal
DS 300 HZ*) 0% (Lo) 1 (Hi) 300Hz content in DS Signal
DS 450 HZ*) 0% (Lo) 1 (Hi) 450Hz content in DS Signal
CLR 180 HZ*) 0% (Lo) 1 (Hi) 180Hz content in CLR Signal
CLR 270 HZ*) 0% (Lo) 1 (Hi) 270Hz content in CLR Signal
CLR 300 HZ*) 0% (Lo) 1 (Hi) 300Hz content in CLR Signal
CLR 450 HZ*) 0% (Lo) 1 (Hi) 450Hz content in CLR Signal
CL PHASE -1 deg/+1 deg Number of degrees between CL 90
and CL 150 Hz tone, see ICAO Annex
10 para [Link].3
CLR PHASE -1 deg/+1 deg Number of degrees between CLR 90
and CLR 150 Hz tone, see ICAO Annex
10 para [Link].3
30 HZ PHASE DIFF -1 deg/+1 deg Measures the LF phase between
the CL and CLR LF signals, based on
the combined 90 and 150 Hz curve
forms
CL RF FREQ LOC: -7kHz/7 kHz Measures the frequency of the CL
GP: -10 carrier rela tive to the nominal carrier
kHz/10kHz frequency. Note: In single frequency
equipment this value is the same as
the carrier frequency
CLR RF FREQ LOC: -7kHz/7 kHz Measures the frequency of the CLR
GP: -10 carrier rel ative to the nominal carrier
kHz/10kHz frequency. Note: In single frequency
equipment this value is N/A
DS VOICE 0% LO, 2% Hi Measures the frequencies in the
with Voice OFF range 300Hz- 3000 Hz

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DS NOISE 0% LO, 1% Hi Highest measured value in the range

10-300 Hz, except the
90/150/180/270 and 300 Hz
frequencies.
CLR VOICE 0% LO, 1% Hi Measures the frequencies in the
With voice OFF range 300Hz- 3000 Hz.
CLR NOISE 0% LO, 1% Hi Highest measured value in the range
10-300 Hz, except the
90/150/180/270 and 300 Hz
frequencies

*) These parameters must be measured in manual mode, and with all other
transmitters turned OFF

C.1.8.6. Transmitter control board (TCA 1218)

Measurement Warn. limit Description

EPROM PARITY CHECK LOW EPROM parity check ok/not ok.
INTEGRITY CHECK LOW Integrity check ok/not ok.
RC LINK STATUS HIGH Remote control link status ok/not ok.
A warning is generated if the TXC
board does not receive a valid data
stream from the RC unit.
INTERNAL CL DDM LOC:-1/1 Measurements on the Course CSB
GP:- signal output from the cabinet. Only
1.5/1.5(%DDM) measured on hot standby systems.
These signals are not asso ciated with
the TCA 1216 board in the auto-matic
diagnostic functions.
INTERNAL CL SDM LOC: See description for INTERNAL CL
36/44 GP: DDM.
76/84(%)
INTERNAL CL RF 2.6/3.4 (V) See description for INTERNAL CL
DDM.

C.1.8.7. Remote monitoring board (RMA 1822)

Measurement Warn. Descripti

limit on
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RMS +5 LEVEL 4.3/6 (V) +5V voltage measurement (Volt).

RMS LI BATT LEVEL 2.4/3.5 (V) Clock and RAM battery voltage
measurement (Volt).

C.1.8.8. Power supply 1 and 2 (PS 1227)

The measurements listed here are displayed in the DC SUPPLIES maintenance window in the RMM
software.

Measurement Warn. limit Description

V15N LEVEL -16.8/-13.8 Measurement of -15 V output voltage
(V) (Volt).
V5P LEVEL 4.6/5.9 (V) Measurement of +5 V output voltage
V8P5P LEVEL (Volt).
8.2/9.4 (V) Measurement of +8.5 V output voltage
V15P LEVEL 13.8/16.8 (Volt).
Measurement of +15 V output voltage
C.1.8.9. External power (V) (Volt).

The measurements listed here are displayed in the DC SUPPLIES maintenance window in the RMM
software.

Measurement Warn. limit Description

BATTERY V27P LEVEL 23/28 (V) Measurement of 27 V battery supply
BATTERY CURRENT -2/15 (A) voltage.
POWER CURRENT -1/20 (A)
CHARGER 1 STATUS ON Battery charger 1 status input.
CHARGER 2 STATUS ON Battery charger 2 status input.
C.1.8.10. User defined inputs

No default settings are defined for these parameters.

Measurement Description
USER_DIG0 - 7 8 user definable digital inputs/output.
TEMP_OUTDOOR Analog input for outdoor temperature sensor.
TEMP_INDOOR Analog input for indoor temperature sensor.
AC_LEVEL Analog input AC power level measurement.
ANA_CH1 - 3 3 user definable analog inputs.

C.1.9. Maintenance delay configuration

The factory default maintenance delays are as follows: GEN delay: 20 seconds
EXT delay: 50 seconds

C.1.10. Morse code configuration

The factory default Morse code are “TST”.

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C.1.11. Typical TX Adjustments values

Table B-6 lists typical values entered in the RMM software (menu item ILS | TX settings | TX
adjustments) entered in the RMM software for LOC and GP equipment.

Note that the adjustment values incorporate both a modulation level setting and a small, unpredictable,
correction for individual variation on the low frequency generator boards (LF1576). The correction is
shown after the “±” sign in Table B-6.

Parameter Values for LOC (20 W) Values for GP (6 W/0.6 W)

Course RF Power 16.8 ± 1 12.7 ± 1
Course DDM 0 ± 0.1 0±1
Course SDM 40 ± 1 80 ± 1
Course Mod Id. 10 ± 1 N/A
Clearance RF Power 16.8 ± 1 12 ± 1
Clearance DDM 0 ± 0.1 40 ± 1
Clearance SDM 40 ± 1 80 ± 1
Clearance Mod Id. 10 ± 1 N/A

Table C-6 Typical TX adjustment values

NOTE:

GP CLR DDM can be increased up to 80% for only 150Hz modulation. Recommended range 40-55.

C.1.12. User administration configuration

The following user are set up on new equipment: Username: MASTER

Password number 1: MASTER1

Password number 2: MASTER2

Password number 3: MASTER3

These passwords should be changed after the commissioning.

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 ATSEP CBT & A
Unit Training course
“ILS (NM 70XXB3)”
Module-3

Content

 Maintenance of Power Supply Units

 Maintenance of Transmitter
 Maintenance of Monitors
 Maintenance of RMA and TCA

a) Appendix A: Diagnostic Functions

b) Appendix B: Monitor and Maintenance Parameters

c) Appendix C: Factory Default Configuration Settings

CATC, PRAYAGRAJ
AAI/ANS/CNS/CATC/2023/UNIT TRNG/NAV-AIDS/V1.0-ILS
(NM 70XXB3)-MOD 3