HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (HRC)
Topic: Gender-Based Violence, Statelessness, and Ethnic Discrimination in Sudan and South
Sudan
Sponsors: South Sudan
Signatories: TBD
The General Assembly,
Recognising the necessity of achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls,
Adamant that the security, protection, access to information, and representation of displaced
peoples are vital in order to legitimize the outcomes of transitional justice and ensuring durable
solutions like safe return or resettlement,
Alarmed that 65 per cent of women and girls experience physical and sexual violence in their
lifetime1 and that 2.7 million people are at risk of Gender Based Violence in South Sudan,2
Perturbed that by October 2023, over 11 million people had been displaced by the conflict
between warring parties in Sudan,3
Bearing in mind that Over 6.9 million women and girls, and increasingly men and boys, are at
risk of GBV across Sudan,4
Noting other Human Rights violations such as enforced disappearance, torture or cruel,
inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment by the militia,
Cognisant of the alarming surge in arbitrary killings which was documented between February
and April of 2025, largely in Khartoum state as control of territory changed hands between
Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF),5
Acknowledging with approval the achievements of The United Nations Mission in South Sudan
(UNMISS) and The United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) in protecting women and girls via
proactive peacekeeping patrols, the establishment of temporary bases in conflict zones and
investigating and reporting on grave violations against children,1
1
1. United Nations Children's Fund United Nations Population Fund, UNICEF South Sudan Final
Report, (UNICEF, 2019),
UNICEF_South-Sudan_FINAL-[Link]
2. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey on Gender-based Violence in South Sudan - Final
Report, (UNFPA, 2025),
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey on Gender-based Violence in South Sudan - Final
Report (January 2025) - South Sudan | ReliefWeb
3. United Nations Women, Gender Alert No. 2, (UN Women, 2024), 1,
[Link]
4. United Nations Population Fund Sudan Emergency Situation Report No. 18, (UNFPA, 2024), 1,
UNFPA Sudan Emergency Situation Report No. 18 - November 2024 - Sudan | ReliefWeb
5. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Human Rights Situation in
the Sudan, 1 January to 30 June 2025, (OHCHR, 2025), 1,
*[Link]
1. Requests Protection of Civilians;
a. Imploring the African Union (AU) and East African Community (EAC) to facilitate
collaboration between the military forces and enable peaceful cooperation;
i. Further implementing he United Nations Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023)
with the prospect of utilising it to support other methods of intervention in
Sudan, including for protection;
ii. Deploying and AU-led physical protection force for non-combatants to Sudan
and South Sudan to precise geographic areas so as to maintain safe areas them;
iii. Compelling member states to apply consular pressure on the RSF, SAF, the Sudan
People's Liberation Movement-In Opposition (SPLM-IO) and other similar armed
forces;
b. Applying diplomatic pressure on third-party states involved in the conflict by
providing weaponry and ammunition to warring groups to refrain from doing do;
c. Urges additional monitoring, investigating, and reporting on violations of human
rights law;
2. Creates conditions conducive to the delivery and reception of humanitarian aid;
a. Entreating belligerents to accept distribution of aid without interference;
i. Upon acceptance of this agreement, full aid will be immediately dispatched into
the nations;
ii. At minimum, aid quantities must include humanitarian aid, i.e rehabilitation of
infrastructure (electricity, water, sewage), reconditioning of hospitals, as well as
entry of necessary equipment to remove rubble and open roads;
3. Supports efforts by the two nations to alleviate the suffering of women, girls and
displaced peoples;
a. Duly noting that peacekeeping is to be driven by the “primacy of politics;”
i. peacekeeping missions must be stationed with the aim of supporting ongoing
political processes and that their duties should be steered by provisional
political strategies lest violence spills across the borders;
b. Approving The Anti-Gender Based Violence Bill (The Anti-GBV Bill) of 2019,
i. Application of diplomatic pressure on the state to adopt and implement the
proposed law in South Sudan that seeks the reformation and consolidation of
the country’s laws on gender-based violence;
ii. Compelling the AU to provide technical and fiscal support to secure the
fruitful implementation of the Bill;
c. Acknowledging with satisfaction the efforts of civil societies and multilateral
organisations in South Sudan, such as the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
South Sudan, which have been instrumental in raising awareness about GBV and
advocating for policy change;
d. Urging further implementation and enforcement of National Durable Solutions
Strategy of 2023 and The 2025-2027 Refugee Protection and Solutions Strategy;
pioneered by Sudan's government with United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees support, which;
i. identifies key protection risks, necessities and capacities of asylum-seekers
and refugees and host societies via age and gender,
ii. improves civil documentation to mitigate statelessness,
iii. promotes long lasting solutions such as resettlement and voluntary
repatriation,
iv. strengthens collaboration with the UNHCR to uphold human rights aligning
with international standards,
4. Further Recommends Addressing Structural and Cultural Causes of Sexual Gender
Based Violence;
a. Noting that these traditions are integral to the country’s social fabric;
i. Addressing the systemic genesis of gender inequality and SGBV is vital for
both Sudan and South Sudan to pave the way for a more equitable society;
ii. Usage of flexible strategies during sensitization campaigns as trying to
dissipate such a deeply entrenched belief system will indubitably encounter
high levels of pushback and defensive attitudes;
b. Calls for robust community engagement initiatives;
i. Local leaders and elders, to be actively participating in dialogue in order to
educate the individuals in the local communities;
ii. Civil societies and women’s groups to conduct sensitization campaigns to
communities on the inherent value of women and their equal status to men;
iii. Topics discussed with the general public should include condemnation of
SGBV and to highlight the erroneous and cruel nature of Female Genital
Mutilation (FGM);
c. Working toward the education of both students and civil servants;
i. Recommending UNMIS, UNMISS and United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to partner with schools in order to
educate the general society;
ii. Education topics to include female reproductive health, the importance of
women in decision-making and gender equality and equity;
iii. Additionally, gender bias, gender discrimination, FGM, GBV, SGBV and forced
marriages and the necessary elimination of such barbarous practices should
be incorporated into the school curriculum;
iv.
5. Disenthralls political deadlock and achieving ceasefire in the two nations;
a. Initiating inter-military dialogue processes that shall induct the values of tolerance
and peaceful co-existence to attempt to alter and renew the mindsets and narratives
of the members of the various militias by emphasizing the benefits that can be
provided by peace;
b. Facilitating dialogue between the RSF and the SAF in Sudan and between armed
forces present in South Sudan including The White Army and SPLM-IO by the AU or
the United Nations (UN) to concur on a political vista for peaceful and buoyant co-
existence;
c. Issuing of guarantees by regional partners to ensure that all the conflicting parties,
and the factions, agree to their obligations and assure that they pose no threat to its
neighbours or its people;
6. Installs transitional government;
a. Establishing temporary transitional governance once ceasefire is achieved;
i. Installing a model of governance that is technocratic, comprised of apolitical
Sudanese individuals (for the nation of Sudan) and South Sudanese
individuals (for the nation of South Sudan);
ii. Requiring the committee to constitute of competent individuals, both native
and international;
iii. Authorising the committee to be in charge of conveying daily running of
municipalities and government services for the civilians;
b. Creation of a new transitional body by the AU which will oversee and supervise the
committees;
c. The created body shall lay down the structure and control the funding for the
redevelopment of the nations until efficient and stable governments which serve the
Sudanese and South Sudanese people are established.
Bibliography
United Nations Children's Fund United Nations Population Fund, UNICEF South Sudan Final Report,
UNICEF, 2019.
UNICEF_South-Sudan_FINAL-[Link]
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey on Gender-based Violence in South Sudan - Final Report,
UNFPA, 2025.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey on Gender-based Violence in South Sudan - Final Report
(January 2025) - South Sudan | ReliefWeb
United Nations Women, Gender Alert No. 2, UN Women, 2024.
[Link]
United Nations Population Fund Sudan Emergency Situation Report No. 18, UNFPA, 2024.
UNFPA Sudan Emergency Situation Report No. 18 - November 2024 - Sudan | ReliefWeb
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Human Rights Situation in the Sudan,
1 January to 30 June 2025, OHCHR, 2025.
*[Link]