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MAGNETISM - Form 2 Physics Notes
Properties of Magnets
Magnetic Field Patterns
Direction of Magnetic Field
Characteristics/Properties of Magnetic Field Lines
Practical Application of Magnetic Shielding
The Domain Theory of Magnetism
Magnetization
Electrical Method
Hammering (Mechanical Method)
Induction
Stroking Method
Demagnetization
Hammering in East-West Direction
Heating
Electrical Method
Hard and Soft Magnetic Material
Soft Magnetic Material
Hard Magnetic Materials
Storing Magnets
Uses of Magnets
Revision Questions
Properties of Magnets
1. Magnetic poles
Magnetic poles refer to the ends of a magnet where the power of attraction or repulsion is
greatest.
The force of attraction of a magnet is greatest at its [Link] force reduces away from
[Link] is why when a bar magnet is dipped in iron fillings, the fillings cling mainly
around the ends of the magnet.
2. Directional property of a magnet
If a magnet is suspended by a thread and is free to rotate it rotates and finally rests in the
in the North south direction. This is called the directional property of a magnet.
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Repulsion is the only sure test for polarity of magnet. This is because repulsion can only
occur between like poles of magnets. Attraction is not sure test because it can occur
between unlike poles of magnets or between a magnet and unmagnetized magnetic
material.
3. Magnetic and non-magnetic materials
Magnetic materials are those that can be attracted by magnets e.g. Iron, Nickel, Cobalt,
Iron alloy like steel, Nickel alloy etc.
Non-magnetic materials are those that cannot be attracted by a magnet e.g. Copper,
Brass, Aluminium, Glass, wood, Graphite
Ferromagnetic materials are magnetic materials that are strongly attracted by magnet
e.g. soft iron
4. The Basic Law of Magnetism
It states that like poles of magnets repel while unlike poles attract.
Exercise
1. Describe how you would verify the basic law of magnetism given two bar magnets and a piece of
thread.
Solution
Procedure
Suspend one bar magnet. Bring the north pole of another magnet towards the north pole of the
suspended magnet and observe what happens.
Bring the same pole towards the south pole of the suspended magnet.
Observations and conclusion
A north pole attracts a south pole and repels a north pole while a south pole repels a south pole.
Hence, like poles repel while unlike poles attract.
Magnetic Field Patterns
Magnetic Field
The space around a magnet where the magnetic influence(magnetic force of attraction and
repulsion) is felt.
The field is stronger near the poles of the magnet and is weaker farther away from the poles.
Magnetic Field Lines
These are lines of force which represent a magnetic [Link] lines form a magnetic field
patterns.
Direction of Magnetic Field
The direction of magnetic field at a point is the direction to which a free north pole would move if
placed at that point in the field.
Characteristics/Properties of Magnetic Field Lines
a. Magnetic field lines start from the North Pole and end at the South Pole.
b. They repel each other sideways and form closed paths as shown above.
c. They do not intersect each other.