EE1000: MODULE-V: Magnetic Circuits

Dr. Hanumantha Rao Bokkisam

Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
Email: bokkisamh@[Link]
Phone:+91 7702007571

October 19, 2023

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Electromagnetic Induction

According to principle of electromagnetic induction, when the magnetic

flux linking to a conductor or coil changes, an EMF is induced in the
conductor or coil.
In practice, the following two ways are used to bring the change in the
magnetic flux linkage.
1 Statically induced EMF.

2 Dynamically induced EMF.

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statically induced EMF

A stationary conductor is placed in a changing magnetic field:

When a stationary conductor or coil is placed in a moving or changing

magnetic field, an EMF is induced in the conductor or coil.

The EMF induced in this way is known as statically induced EMF. It is

so called because the EMF is induced in a conductor which is stationary.

The EMF induced in a transformer is an example of statically induced

EMF.
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Dynamically induced EMF

A stationary conductor is placed in a changing magnetic field:

We can move a conductor or coil in a stationary magnetic field in such
a way that the magnetic flux linking to the conductor or coil changes
in magnitude. Consequently, an EMF is induced in the conductor.

This induced EMF is known as dynamically induced EMF. It is so called

because the EMF induced in a conductor which is in motion.

Example of dynamically induced EMF is the EMF generated in the AC

and DC generators.
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Magnetic Circuits

Magnetic fields act as a medium in the energy conversion and transfer

process.
In most electrical machines, except permanent magnet machines, the
magnetic field is produced by passing an electrical current through coils
wound on ferromagnetic materials.
Energy transfer takes place in transformers with the help of magnetic
fields.
Energy conversion takes place in machines with the help of magnetic
fields.
Magnetic circuits produce high flux density which results in large torque
or large machine output.
Therefore, It is imperative that magnetic circuits be analyzed.

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Types of Magnets

1 Permanent Magnet.

2 Electro Magnet.

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Terminology of Magnetic Circuits

Magneto-motive Force (MMF):

The driving force that causes a magnetic field.
Symbol, F
Definition, F = NI
Units, Ampere-turns, (A-T)
Magnetic Field Intensity:
mmf gradient, or mmf per unit length
Symbol, H
Definition, H = F/l = NI/l
Units, (A-T/m)
Flux Density:
The concentration of the lines of force in a magnetic circuit
Symbol, B
Definition, B = ϕ/A
Units, (Wb/m2 ), or T (Tesla)

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Terminology of Magnetic Circuits

Reluctance:
The measure of opposition the magnetic circuit offers to the flux.
The analogues of Resistance in an electrical circuit.
Symbol, S
Definition, S = F /ϕ
Units, (A-T/Wb)
Permeability:
Relates flux density and field intensity.
Symbol, µ
Definition, µ = B/H=µ0 × µr
Units, (Wb/AT-m)
Permeability of free space (air)=µ0 = 4π × 10−7 (Wb/AT-m)
Relative Permeability= µr
Relative Permeability= µr >> 1 for Magnetic Material

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits Formulae



 B × A (Wb)



 µH × A
 µ0 µr H × A

ϕ= µ0 µr × (NI /l) × A (1)


 NI

 l

 µ0 µr ×A

MMF (F )/Reluctance(R)
l
Reluctance(R) = (AT /Wb) (2)
µ0 µr × A
where:
l=Mean Circumference or Mean length or Mean Magnetic path= πD (m)
D= Mean Diameter.

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Magnetic Circuits Formulae

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits Problems

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuit with air gap

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Magnetic Circuit with Air-gap

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Magnetic Circuit with Air-gap

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Magnetic Circuit with Air-gap

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Magnetic Circuit with Air-gap

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Magnetic Circuit with Air-gap

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Magnetic Circuits

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 Thank You...

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