Unit 2 – States of Matter
Lesson - 2 -Matter has many properties
Core Concepts
• Sublimation: Process in which a solid changes directly into a gas without passing
through the liquid state.
• Deposition: A Process in which a gas changes directly into a solid without becoming a
liquid first.
• Mixture- A combination of two or more substances where each keeps its own
properties.
• Solution: A mixture in which one substance dissolves in another (e.g., sugar in water).
• Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
• Saturated solution- A solution that cannot dissolve more solute at a given
temperature.
• Conductor- A material that allows heat or electricity to pass through easily (e.g.,
copper, aluminum).
• Insulator- A material that resists the flow of heat or electricity (e.g., rubber, wood,
plastic).
• Temperature effects:
• Heating → particles move faster → Energy is absorbed (melting, evaporation,
Sublimation).
• Cooling → particles slow down → Energy is released (freezing, condensation,
deposition).
I. Fill in the blanks
1. Frost forming on a cold window is an example of Deposition.
2. The plastic covering around wires is an example of an Insulator.
3. Lemonade is a Solution because sugar completely dissolves in water.
4. Wet clothes drying in the sun is an example of Evaporation.
5. Dew on grass is an example of Condensation.
6. Dry ice changing directly into carbon dioxide gas is an example of Sublimation.
7. In a Saturated solution, no more solute can dissolve at that temperature.
8. When ice melts, water molecules move faster and spread apart.
II. 1. Complete the table comparing particle arrangement and particle movement.
State Particle Arrangement Particle Movement
Solid Tightly packed Vibrate in place
Liquid Loosely packed Move slowly
Gas Very Loosely packed Move quickly and freely
2. Compare and contrast between the following
a. Solutions and Mixtures
• Solution: A solution is a type of mixture where one substance dissolves completely in
another. (Example: Salt in water)
• Mixture: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are mixed but do
not dissolve completely. (Example: Sand and water)
b. Physical change and chemical change
• In a physical change, no new substance is formed. Only the shape, size, or state of
matter changes, and it can usually be reversed.
Example: Melting of ice.
• In a chemical change, a new substance is formed with different properties, and the
change cannot be reversed.
Example: Burning of paper.
Give Reason:
1. All mixtures are not solutions, but all solutions are mixtures.
Both are made by combining two or more substances, but in mixtures, substances may
not appear evenly (e.g., sand in water), while in solutions, substances appear evenly.
(e.g., salt in water)
[Link] droplets seen on the lid of a boiling pot:
When water boils, it forms vapor. When the vapor touches the cold lid, it loses heat,
energy is released, particles slow down, and change into liquid, forming droplets on the
lid.
3. Rusting of iron is a chemical change.
Rusting of iron is a chemical change because a new substance, rust is formed which has
properties different from iron.
III. When we prepare lemonade, we mix lemon juice, sugar, and water to form a solution.
But if we leave it in the sun for a few days, it starts to smell sour and changes taste.
Explain which part of this process shows physical change, which shows chemical change,
and how understanding this helps us use resources wisely (SDG 12) and keep food safe
(SDG 3).
[Link] lemon juice, sugar, and water → Physical change, because no new substance is
formed; it’s a mixture/solution.
Lemonade turning sour in the sun → Chemical change, because new substances form that
cannot be reversed.
Understanding this helps us store food properly to prevent spoilage (SDG 3) and avoid
wasting food and ingredients (SDG 12).
IBT Questions
Riya added a spoon of salt, sugar, and sand into three separate cups of water.
After stirring each cup, she observed that the salt and sugar disappeared, but the sand
remained at the bottom.
What does this experiment show about water as a solvent?
A. Water can dissolve every substance completely.
B. Water can dissolve many substances, but not all.
C. Water can dissolve only sweet substances.
D. Water cannot dissolve any solid materials.