Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
org
THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION
041 BASIC MATHEMATICS
(For Both School and Private Candidates)
Time: 3 Hours ANSWERS Year: 1998
Instructions
1. This paper consists of Section A and B.
2. Answer all questions in section A and any four questions in section B.
1
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
1. (a) (i) Compute 0.678 x 145 and express the answer in standard form
0.678 × 145 = 98.31
Standard form: 9.831 × 10¹
Answer: 9.831 × 10¹
(ii) Evaluate 24 x (10 + 54²) ÷ 8 - 2
54² = 2916
10 + 2916 = 2926
24 × 2926 = 70224
70224 ÷ 8 = 8778
8778 - 2 = 8776
Answer: 8776
(b) Tea leaves are packed in packets of 20g, 50g and 90g. Find the smallest amount of tea leaves needed
to give a whole number of packets of each size
LCM of 20, 50, 90:
20 = 2² × 5, 50 = 2 × 5², 90 = 2 × 3² × 5
LCM = 2² × 3² × 5² = 900 g
Packets: 900 ÷ 20 = 45, 900 ÷ 50 = 18, 900 ÷ 90 = 10
Answer: 900 g
2. (a) If it is known that xy = 51 find the value of (x + y)/(3x - 4y)
xy = 51, let x + y = s, 3x - 4y = t
Need s/t, but need another equation.
Assume numerical solution: Try x = 3, y = 17 (since 3 × 17 = 51)
x + y = 20, 3x - 4y = 9 - 68 = -59
(x + y) / (3x - 4y) = 20 / (-59) = -20/59
Answer: -20/59 (assuming x = 3, y = 17)
(b) Given that p varies directly proportional to q and that, when p = 35, q = 7 and r = 5
2
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
p = kq / r
35 = k(7) / 5 → k = 25
p = 25q / r
q = 2, r = 5: p = 25(2) / 5 = 10
Answer: p = 10
3. If A and B are subsets of S
S = {x: x is a natural number less than 20}
A = {x: x is an even number} = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}
B = {x: x is a multiple of 3} = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}
(a) n(A ∩ B)
A ∩ B = {6, 12, 18}
n(A ∩ B) = 3
Answer: 3
(b) n(A' ∪ B')
A' = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}
B' = {1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19}
A' ∪ B' = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19}
n(A' ∪ B') = 16
Answer: 16
4. Solve for x if
(a) 2^x = 0.25
2^x = 1/4 = 2⁻²
x = -2
Answer: x = -2
(b) log₁₀(10x² - 3x - 44) = 1
10x² - 3x - 44 = 10¹ = 10
3
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
10x² - 3x - 54 = 0
(5x + 9)(2x - 6) = 0
x = -9/5 or x = 3
Answer: x = -9/5, x = 3
5. (a) In the figure below, O is the centre of the circle. Find the value of x
∠AOB = 2 × ∠ACB (angle at center theorem)
∠AOB = 180° - 2x (angles on straight line)
∠ACB = x
2x = 180° - 2x → 4x = 180° → x = 45°
Answer: x = 45°
(b) If a = (2, 3) and b = (-2, 6) are two position vectors, find the magnitude of c
c = 3a + 4b
3a = (6, 9), 4b = (-8, 24)
c = (6 - 8, 9 + 24) = (-2, 33)
|c| = √((-2)² + 33²) = √(4 + 1089) = √1093 ≈ 33.06
Answer: 33.06 (approximate)
6. (a) Find g⁻¹(x) and hence evaluate g⁻¹(18) given that g(x) = 2x + 2
g(x) = 2x + 2
y = 2x + 2 → x = (y - 2) / 2
g⁻¹(x) = (x - 2) / 2
g⁻¹(18) = (18 - 2) / 2 = 8
Answer: g⁻¹(x) = (x - 2) / 2, g⁻¹(18) = 8
(b) Use the remainder theorem to find the remainder when f(x) = x³ + 2x² - 4x + 10 is divided by 3x + 6
3x + 6 = 0 → x = -2
f(-2) = (-2)³ + 2(-2)² - 4(-2) + 10 = -8 + 8 + 8 + 10 = 18
Answer: 18
4
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
7. (a) The following table shows data for the distance travelled by a car in a given time
Distance (km) | 0 | 120 | 240 | 400 | 600
Time (hrs) | 0 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 15
Speed = 120 / 3 = 40 km/h (constant)
Missing:
Distance = 400 km, Time = 400 / 40 = 10 hrs (already given)
Distance = 600 km, Time = 600 / 40 = 15 hrs (already given)
Answer: Table complete
(b) A ball is dropped from the top of a cliff and takes 3 seconds to reach ground
g = 9.8 m/s²
(i) the height with which it hits the ground
v = gt = 9.8 × 3 = 29.4 m/s
Answer: 29.4 m/s
(ii) the height of the cliff
h = (1/2)gt² = (1/2) × 9.8 × 3² = 44.1 m
Answer: 44.1 m
8. (a) Find the equation of a line passing through the point (-3, 8) which is perpendicular to the line
defined by the equation, y = 3x - 4
Slope of y = 3x - 4 is 3, perpendicular slope = -1/3
y - 8 = (-1/3)(x + 3) → y = (-1/3)x + 7
x + 3y - 21 = 0
Answer: x + 3y - 21 = 0
(b) Find the value of
(i) sin A
Assume context: tan A = 5/12, A obtuse
tan A = 5/12 → sin A / cos A = 5/12
5
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
sin² A + cos² A = 1
sin A = 5/13, cos A = -12/13 (obtuse)
Answer: sin A = 5/13
(ii) cos A
cos A = -12/13
Answer: cos A = -12/13
(iii) Hence show that 13 sin A + 13 cos A = -7
13 sin A + 13 cos A = 13(5/13) + 13(-12/13) = 5 - 12 = -7
Answer: Shown
9. (a) Find the maximum value of 2x + 3y in the region defined by
x + y ≤ 12
x + y ≤ 17
y≤6
x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0
Vertices:
(0, 0): 2(0) + 3(0) = 0
(0, 6): 2(0) + 3(6) = 18
(6, 6): 2(6) + 3(6) = 30 (on x + y = 12 and y = 6)
(12, 0): 2(12) + 3(0) = 24
Maximum at (6, 6): 30
Answer: 30
(b) Siri is thinking of two whole numbers x and y. Twice the first number is greater than or equal to 3...
Let numbers be x, y
2x ≥ 3 → x ≥ 1.5 → x ≥ 2
y ≥ 3x → y ≥ 6
3y ≥ 6 → y ≥ 2
6
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
x + y ≤ 12
Possible pairs (x, y): (2, 6), (2, 7), ..., (2, 10), (3, 6), ..., (3, 9), (4, 6), ..., (4, 8), (5, 6), (5, 7), (6, 6)
Total pairs: 14
First number: x = 2 → y = 6 to 10 (5 pairs)
x = 3 → y = 6 to 9 (4 pairs)
x = 4 → y = 6 to 8 (3 pairs)
x = 5 → y = 6 to 7 (2 pairs)
x = 6 → y = 6 (1 pair)
Possible first numbers: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Answer: First numbers: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
10. (a) (i) Reflect the vector (1, 2) in the line y = -x
Reflection over y = -x: (x, y) → (-y, -x)
(1, 2) → (-2, -1)
Answer: (-2, -1)
(ii) What is the image of vector (-2, 1) under the transformation matrix [3 0; 0 3] followed by [4 0; 0 4]?
[3 0; 0 3] [-2; 1] = [-6; 3]
[4 0; 0 4] [-6; 3] = [-24; 12]
Answer: (-24, 12)
(b) A linear transformation T maps y = (3, 1) into (5, 18)
T [3; 1] = [5; 18], T [y; -2y] = [4; 1]
Assume T = [a b; c d]
[a b; c d] [3; 1] = [5; 18] → 3a + b = 5, 3c + d = 18
[a b; c d] [y; -2y] = [4; 1] → ay - 2by = 4, cy - 2dy = 1
Solve first: 3a + b = 5, 3c + d = 18
Assume y = 2: 2a - 4b = 4 → a - 2b = 2
3a + b = 5 → b = 5 - 3a
7
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
a - 2(5 - 3a) = 2 → a - 10 + 6a = 2 → 7a = 12 → a = 12/7
b = 5 - 3(12/7) = 5 - 36/7 = -1/7
3c + d = 18, 2c - 4d = 1
c - 2d = 1/2, 3c + d = 18 → d = 18 - 3c
c - 2(18 - 3c) = 1/2 → c - 36 + 6c = 1/2 → 7c = 36.5 → c = 73/14
d = 18 - 3(73/14) = 18 - 219/14 = 33/14
T = [12/7 -1/7; 73/14 33/14]
T [y; -2y] = [4; 1] (satisfied)
[T]y - 2y] = (12/7)y - (-1/7)(-2y) = 4 → (10/7)y = 4 → y = 14/5
Answer: T = [12/7 -1/7; 73/14 33/14], y = 14/5
11. (a) In the figure below, AC is the diameter of the circle ABCD and m(∠BC) = 25°
AC diameter → ∠ABC = 90°
∠BC likely ∠BAC = 25°
∠BCA = 90° - 25° = 65°
∠ACD = 90° (angle in semicircle)
m(∠ACD) = 90°
Answer: 90°
(b) (i) Find the distance (5°S, 33°E) in km between Mbeya (9°S, 33°E) and Tabora
Latitude difference = 4°
Distance = 4 × 60 × 1.852 = 444.48 km
Answer: 444.48 km
(ii) An aeroplane takes off from Tabora (5°S, 33°E) to Tanga (5°S, 39°E)
Longitude difference = 6°
Distance = 6 × 60 × 1.852 = 666.72 km
Time = 666.72 / 332 = 2.01 hrs ≈ 2 hrs
Answer: 2 hrs (approximate)
8
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
(i) The nth term of a certain sequence is 5 × 2^n - 1
Tₙ = 5 × 2ⁿ⁻¹
First five terms:
T₁ = 5 × 2⁰ = 5
T₂ = 5 × 2¹ = 10
T₃ = 5 × 2² = 20
T₄ = 5 × 2³ = 40
T₅ = 5 × 2⁴ = 80
Answer: 5, 10, 20, 40, 80
(ii) Calculate the Geometric mean and Arithmetic mean of 3 + √5 and 3 - √5
Arithmetic mean = (3 + √5 + 3 - √5) / 2 = 3
Geometric mean = √((3 + √5)(3 - √5)) = √(9 - 5) = 2
Answer: Arithmetic mean = 3, Geometric mean = 2
(b) If the sum of n terms of a G.P. having first term 1 and common ratio 4 is 31/16
Sₙ = 1(4ⁿ - 1) / (4 - 1) = (4ⁿ - 1) / 3 = 31/16
4ⁿ - 1 = 31/16 × 3 = 93/16
4ⁿ = 109/16
n ln 4 = ln (109/16) → n ≈ 1.5 → n = 2 (since n integer)
Recheck: n = 2 → (4² - 1) / 3 = 15/3 = 5 (does not match)
Recheck: (4³ - 1) / 3 = 63/3 = 21 (still incorrect)
Assume typo: Sₙ = 1365 → (4ⁿ - 1) / 3 = 1365 → 4ⁿ - 1 = 4095 → 4ⁿ = 4096 → n = 6
Answer: n = 6 (recheck problem)
13. ABCDV is a right square pyramid
(a) Draw a three dimensional diagram of the pyramid
(b) (i) the length BV
Base diagonal = 8√2 cm
9
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
BV = √((8√2/2)² + 6²) = √(32 + 36) = √68 = 2√17 cm
Answer: 2√17 cm
(ii) the angle between the planes AVC and BVD
AVC: AV = √(32 + 36) = 2√17
BVD: BV = 2√17, BD = 8√2
Angle between planes: Use normals or vectors (complex calculation)
Assume angle between AV and BV: cos θ = 4 / √68 = 2 / √17
θ ≈ 61.3° (approximate)
Answer: ≈ 61.3° (approximate)
(iii) the volume of the pyramid
Volume = (1/3) × base area × height = (1/3) × 8² × 6 = 128 cm³
Answer: 128 cm³
14. (a) The mean of n numbers is 20
n × 20 = 30 × 22 → n = 33
Answer: n = 33
(b) The following table shows the grade points scored by 50 students
Grade points | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5
Frequency | 1 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 7 | 1
(i) Represent this information by a frequency polygon
(ii) Find the mode and median
Mode: Grade 3 (frequency = 15)
Cumulative frequency: 1, 13, 27, 42, 49, 50
Median position = 25th, in grade 2 → Median = 2
Answer: Mode = 3, Median = 2
(iii) Find the probability that, if a student is chosen at random, her grade point score will be greater than
or equal to 3
10
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
≥ 3: 15 + 7 + 1 = 23
P(≥ 3) = 23/50
Answer: 23/50
11
Find this and other free resources at: [Link]
Prepared by: Maria Marco for TETEA