Year 11 Biology
Module 3 PowerPoint
UPLIFT EDUCATION
Biological Diversity
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Inquiry Question 1
1. Focus on
selection
pressures + case
study
1. Selection Pressures
• Abiotic and Biotic Factors dictate this part of the syllabus
• Here, you need to understand the WHAT and the IMPACT of
any factor that can be mentioned
1. Selection Pressures
Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors
1. Selection Pressures
• Pick one abiotic factor. Talk about its impact on the ecosystem
1. Selection Pressures
• Pick one abiotic factor. Talk about its impact on the ecosystem
1. Selection Pressures
• Pick one biotic factor. Talk about its impact on the ecosystem
1. Selection Pressures
• Pick one biotic factor. Talk about its impact on the ecosystem
1. Selection Pressures – Case
Study
1. Selection Pressures – Case Study
• You need to focus on ONE of the examples (Cane Toads vs Prickly
Pears) based off what your school has covered.
• It is also important to tell a story about the organisms mentioned
1. Selection Pressures – Case Study
• What was introduced Introduction
• Why were they introduced
• What went wrong
Body
• Why did it go wrong
• What did we try to do to solve it
Conclusion
• Success?
1. Selection Pressures – Case Study
• What was introduced Introduction
• Why were they introduced
• What went wrong
Body
• Why did it go wrong
• What did we try to do to solve it
Conclusion
• Success?
Inquiry Question 2
2. Adaptations
and Natural
selection
2. Adaptations
• Types of adaptations need to be known
• You then need to relate structure and function again
2. Adaptations
• Structure and Function Example 1
2. Adaptations
• Structure and Function Example 2
2. Adaptations
• Structure and Function Example 3
Inquiry Question 3
3. What is
evolution (types
as well), and
how is it linked
to biodiversity.
3. Evolution
• For evolution, you need to understand a variety of content
• What is evolution?
• What is the process for evolution?
• Types of evolution?
• What is the impact on biodiversity?
• What has happened since life has began?
3. Evolution
• What is evolution?
How does evolution occur?
• The general course of evolution by natural selection occurs through
the following processes:
• 1. Mass reproduction of offspring that are slightly different to each
other
How does evolution occur?
• 2. A selection pressure is applied (something that is different
to the normal)
I eat white dogs for my white fur
How does evolution occur?
• 3. The selection pressure is favourable to only a small
percentage of the population
How does evolution occur?
• 4. Those that survive pass on their favourable traits to their
offspring
How does evolution occur?
• 5. Repeat process
3. Evolution
• Why is this important?
Why is it so important?
• Without genetic diversity, imagine the following scenario
• 1. All the offspring are genetically identical to each other
• 2. If a small change as to occur (like change in climate, pH etc.), all of them
will be affected by it
• 3. This will result in the species dying because everyone is not use to the
changes
• However, if genetic diversity exists, there will be a small population that
will be able to tolerate the change and hence survive
Would be a shame if I infected all these trees….
Lucky all of these trees have the exact same weakness!!!
3. Evolution
• Types Of evolution
Conclusion from Charles Darwin
• From the observations, Charles Darwin came up with two theories
• 1. Convergent Evolution
• 2. Divergent Evolution
Convergent evolution
• This is the notion that DIFFERENT species in a SIMILAR environment will grow to have
similar features
• The idea that certain traits are favourable in certain environments
• Example: Small creatures with spikes will probably live longer in the woods
Convergent evolution
Australian animal American animal
Divergent evolution
• The same species BUT living in different environments will cause the species
to change
• The most common example used would be Darwin’s Finches
• Change in beak size depending on where they were found
Darwin’s finches
3. Evolution
• Evolution, Mutation and Biodiversity SAQ
• Explain how all three are related
HSC Q17
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© Uplift Education | Level 1 149-151 George St Liverpool NSW Australia | 1300 929 299 | [Link]
Inquiry Question 4
4. Evidence for
evolution +
modern day
examples of it
4. Evidence
• How do we support the Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection?
• Answer = With Evidence of course
• What do you remember?
4. Evidence
• Need to have a clear link (What, So What)
• Step 1 = This is the evidence. This is what it is
• Step 2 = This is how it links it to evolution
Evidence that supports evolution
• Five main evidence are used to support evolution
– Transitional fossils
– Biogeography
– Comparative embryology
– Comparative anatomy
– Biochemistry
Transitional fossils
• Evolution is when a change has occurred in the species
• If we can show a change has occurred, then we support evolution
• Idea stems from the fact that
Fish à Amphibians à Reptile à Bird à Mammals
Example: Archaeopteryx
• A transition between a reptile and a bird
Biogeography
• This is the study about how being in different locations can affect an individual species
• Simple example (you can overlap examples remember) would be the Darwin’s finches
• They all came from the same common bird, but look different due to where they live
Darwin’s finches
Comparative embryology
• This is the fact that most embryos look similar
• Suggest that we had a common ancestor that looked like our embryo
Guess where the human embryo is
Comparative anatomy
• This looks at the fact that we share common structures with other species
• Why would we have common structures?
• Most likely due to our common ancestor having these structures
• Example: The pentadactyl limb
Pentadactyl limb
Tip: mentioning common ancestor will get you marks ;)
4 d) Technology and Classification
• Example:
• Take the three organisms below
Chimpanzee
Human
Gorilla
4 d) Technology and Classification
• Based off the OLD system, to determine how closely related these
organisms are, we look at their traits
• All three are hairy
• All three have hands
• All three walk
• Etc.
4 d) Technology and Classification
• To make things easier, we look at the molecular level to determine how closely related
they are
• Example 1: Protein analysis
• Through genetic testing, it is possible to analyse the Amino Acid Sequence of particular
proteins
• The technique is called “Protein Sequencing”
• How it works, is that you look at the SAME type of protein in each organism and
compare the similarities
4 d) Technology and Classification
• Comparing Haemoglobin – A protein found in the body that helps carries
oxygen
• Note: Each letter = an Amino Acid
4 d) Technology and Classification
• Notice how they are all the same amino acids until the end where there
are minor changes
• So which one is more closely related together?
• Answer: The Chimps and Humans
Prelim Qs
Prelim Qs
Prelim Qs
Prelim Qs
Prelim Qs
Prelim Qs
Prelim Qs