PAPER OF SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

COMPONENT IN COMPUTER

By Group 1
Dewa Ayu Ketut Sri Murtini (17101945)
Beatrix Lelianti Dado ( 17101692)
Maria Magdalena Daten (17101535)
Wanda Pratama (17101074)

STMIK STIKOM INDONESIA

Jl. Tukad Pakerisan 97 Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Tel. 0361 - 256 995 (Hunting) Faks. 0361 - 246 875
 PREFACE

This paper present about Hardware and software component in computer.

As we know, we live in Digital computer era and we in IT campus should know
more about computer and how it works.

This paper is primarily addressed to educators, who play a very important

role in the growth and development of the youth. An understanding of component
in computer, as one of the basic factors that everybody must know, so we can
operateing the computer without make any mistakes and make it easy to use.

In truth, I could not have achieved my current level of success without a

strong support group. First of all, my parents, who supported me with love and
understanding. And secondly, my English lecturer, each of whom has provided
patiently advice and guidance throughout the paper process. Thank you all for your
unwavering support.

Denpasar, March 27th 2019

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 1
1.1 Issue Background .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Identification Problems ................................................................................. 1
1.3 Problem Formulation ..................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ....................................................................................... 2
2.1 Computer Hardware Components ................................................................. 2
2.1.1 Input Device ........................................................................................... 2
2.1.2 Process Device ........................................................................................ 4
2.1.3 Ouput Device .......................................................................................... 5
2.1.4 Primary Memory .................................................................................... 7
2.1.5 Secondary Memory ................................................................................. 7
2.2 Computer Software Component ................................................................... 8
2.2.1 System Software ..................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Application Software .............................................................................. 9
2.2.3 Programming Software ......................................................................... 14
2.3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Hardware and Software Firewalls ... 15
CHAPTER III CLOSING ....................................................................................... 18
3.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Advice ......................................................................................................... 18
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 19

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Issue Background

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions
stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to
specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future
use. Any digital computer carries out five function in gross terms :

a. Takes data as input

b. Stores the data/instruction in its memory and use the when required.
c. Processes the data and converts i into useful information.
d. Generates the output
e. Controls all the above four steps.

Because you’ve spent some time around computers, you know that there are usually
a fair number of wires and cables running from the body of the computer to the bits
that help it work. The cables all plug in to jacks with hardware and software that
can understand the signals being sent over the wire. When you press Enter on your
keyboard, the keypress sends a specific signal over the wire, which your computer
receives, interprets, and passes along to whatever application you’re running.

1.2 Identification Problems

1. What is computer’s hardware and its component?
2. What is computer’s software and its component?
3. What Advantages and disadvantages using hardware and software
components?

1.3 Problem Formulation

1. We can know about hardware definition and its components.
2. We can know about software definition and its components.
3. We can know advantages and disadvantages between hardware and
software.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Computer Hardware Components

Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. This is also

sometime called the machinery or the equipment of the computer. Examples of
hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse and the central
processing unit. However, most of a computer's hardware cannot be seen; in other
words, it is not an external element of the computer, but rather an internal one,
surrounded by the computer's casing (tower). A computer's hardware is comprised
of many different parts, but perhaps the most important of these is the motherboard.
The motherboard is made up of even more parts that power and control the
computer.

2.1.1 Input Device

Input Devices Input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware
equipment to provide data and control signals to an information processing system
such as a computer or other information appliance). Input device Translate data
from form that humans understand to one that the computer can work with. Most
common are keyboard and mouse.

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1. Keyboard
The computer keyboard is one of the basic ways of entering information
into the computer, so most computers have one except certain types of
handheld devices. If you’ve used a typewriter, you can use a computer
keyboard. Keyboards come in a variety of styles. The Microsoft
keyboard shown below has an ergonomic design that reduces the muscle
and tendon strain in the wrists, arms, and elbows.
2. Mouse or Pointing Device

Most computers come with a mouse. A mouse is just a pointing device

for selecting items on the screen. Some designs are different, including
the mouse with a small wheel with which you can do some added tricks.
An alternative to the mouse is a track ball, a stationary cradle containing
a ball that you roll with your fingertips. Laptop computers offer another
alternative, the touchpad—a pressure-sensitive surface built into the
keyboard console. It lets you move your cursor by tracing your finger
on the touchpad itself.

3. Scanner
A scanner is an electronic device which can capture images from
physical items and convert them into digital formats, which in turn can
be stored in a computer, and viewed or modified using software
applications. Different types of scanners are available with different
resolutions. In the world of electronic data transmission, scanning is
considered to be the most cost-effective and reliable way of transmitting
images.
4. Microphone
A microphone is a device that translates sound vibrations in the air into
electronic signals or scribes them to a recording medium. Microphones
enable many types of audio recording devices for purposes including
communications of many kinds, as well as music and speech
[Link], microphones are designed for a given purpose.
One of the main considerations, aside from the type of device, is what
is being recorded.

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 5. Modem
Modems are now as ubiquitous as computers, and more often than not,
they come built into computers. You must have a modem to connect to
the Internet, so make sure that your computer has one. If you use
telephone lines for Internet access, the typical speed for a home modem
is 56 K. If your computer doesn’t have one already installed internally,
you can obtain an external modem, which sits near your computer rather
than inside it. External modems are widely available and require
minimum installation. If you use cable or a dedicated line for Internet
access, you will need a specialized modem. These are much faster than
the modems designed to work with the telephone lines, but they are more
expensive.

2.1.2 Process Device

Processing devices are parts of the computer that are responsible for
processing or converting data into meaningful information. There are many
processing devices and the most common ones in a computer include the
Central Processing Unit (CPU) and the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).
Components that manipulate data into information are categorized under
processing. The microprocessor is the major device in this category. It works
closely with primary memory during its operations. Data is stored
temporarily in processor cache and primary memory during the processing
period.

The microprocessor is subdivided into three important units, which work

together in order to accomplish its function. The units are:

 The control unit: It manages and supervises the operations of the

processor and other components that are crucial in data
manipulation.
 Arithmetic and logic unit: The ALU is responsible for all arithmetic
and logic operations like addition, multiplication, subtraction,
division, and comparison logic operations.

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  Register and cache: These are storage locations inside the processor
that respond to the instructions of the control unit by moving
relevant data around during processing.

2.1.3 Ouput Device

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to
communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information
processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically
generated information into humanreadable form.

1. Monitor
Monitors are a requirement, so they are often included as standard
equipment, but not always. Today, monitors are available in all price ranges.
Most people think the bigger the monitor, the better, as long as it fits within
their allotted budget range. Granted, bigger is more expensive, but today a
17-inch monitor doesn’t cost much more than a 15-inch monitor and the
difference is more than worth it. The more screen space you have, the easier
it is to work with your applications on the computer. Remember, however,
that the bigger the display, the larger the tube. A larger tube takes up more
room on your desk. (Many manufacturers do offer short-tube monitors that
don’t eat up a lot of desktop real estate).

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2. Speaker
With a sound card, a CD drive, and speakers, you can play regular
audio CDs on your computer and enjoy many of the other audio features of
the applications on your computer. But as with your stereo, you can’t hear
anything unless you have speakers! Most likely, your computer will come
with speakers. Speakers come in all price ranges, but even the less expensive
ones work well. The speakers plug into the back of your computer, and look
similar to the ones shown below.
3. Printer

Hundreds of different printers are on the market, in a wide range of

prices. Printer technology has advanced dramatically in the last 10 years, so
even a less expensive printer can produce impressive results. Some new
computer packages include a printer. Printers are easy to buy and easy to
install if the computer you obtain doesn’t have one.

Printers are distinguished by printing features, output quality, and

speed—that is, how many pages they can print in a minute. The most
popular printers for home use are ink jet printers. Ink jets print pages by
spraying a fine ink mist onto the page and are the type of printers most often
used for color printing. Laser printers, although more expensive, are faster
and of higher quality, and most models allow only black-and-white printing.
Color laser printers can be quite expensive. You can also find multipurpose
machines that print, fax, copy, and scan. If you have a need for all these
features, check with a local computer store or current magazines to learn
more about features and trade-offs.

4. LCD Projector
An LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images
or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern equivalent
of the slide projector or overhead projector. To display images, LCD (liquid-
crystal display) projectors typically send light from a metal-halide lamp
through a prism or series of dichroic filters that separates light to three
polysilicon panels – one each for the red, green and blue components of the

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 video signal. As polarized light passes through the panels (combination of
polarizer, LCD panel and analyzer), individual pixels can be opened to
allow light to pass or closed to block the light. The combination of open and
closed pixels can produce a wide range of colors and shades in the projected
image.

2.1.4 Primary Memory

1. RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) is a memory scheme within the computer
system responsible for storing data on a temporary basis, so that it can be
promptly accessed by the processor as and when needed. It is volatile in
nature, which means that data will be erased once supply to the storage
device is turned off. RAM stores data randomly and the processor accesses
these data randomly from the RAM storage. RAM is considered "random
access" because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the
row and column that intersect at that cell.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM is a permanent form of storage. ROM stays active regardless of
whether power supply to it is turned on or off. ROM devices do not allow
data stored on them to be modified.

2.1.5 Secondary Memory

Stores data and programs permanently, its retained after the power is turned
off.
1. Hard drive (HD)
A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or
"hard disk drive," that store and provides relatively quick access to large
amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged surface or set of
surfaces.
2. Optical Disk
An optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light as part of
the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives
can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and

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 recorders, also called burners or writers. Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-
ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and
recorded by such drives. Optical drive is the generic name; drives are
usually described as "CD" "DVD", or "Bluray", followed by "drive",
"writer", etc. There are three main types of optical media: CD, DVD, and
Blu-ray disc. CDs can store up to 700 megabytes (MB) of data and DVDs
can store up to 8.4 GB of data. Blu-ray discs, which are the newest type of
optical media, can store up to 50 GB of data. This storage capacity is a clear
advantage over the floppy disk storage media (a magnetic media), which
only has a capacity of 1.44 MB.
3. Flash Disk
A storage module made of flash memory chips. A Flash disks have no
mechanical platters or access arms, but the term "disk" is used because the
data are accessed as if they were on a hard drive. The disk storage structure
is emulated.

2.2 Computer Software Component

Software is in the word used to group numerous computer programs,

documentation, and procedures that are tasked with ensuring a computer system
operates effectively. The software systems that are used in computer systems are
grouped into three classes, which are application software and system software.
Software allows a system to operate in a specific sequence and allows change of a
system based on the software that is available. The software is created in a manner
that is user-friendly and forms the interface in which the computer system can
operate effectively. Types of Computer Software :

2.2.1 System Software

System Sofware is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the
individual hardware components of a computer system so that other software and
the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be concerned
with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory to disk, or
rendering text onto a display. Generally, system software consists of an operating
system and some fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file managers,

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display managers, text editors, user authentication (login) and management tools,
and networking and device control software.
2.2.2 Application Software
Aplication Software is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running
the computer system. Application software may consist of a single program, such
as an image viewer; a small collection of programs (often called a software
package) that work closely together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or
text processing system; a larger collection (often called a software suite) of related
but independent programs and packages that have a common user interface or
shared data format, such as Microsoft Office, which consists of closely integrated
word processor, spreadsheet, database, etc.; or a software system, such as a database
management system, which is a collection of fundamental programs that may
provide some service to a variety of other independent applications.
1. Word Processing Software

Word processors need little introduction. You use them to write things. This
course, for example. Or a newsletter. Or a book report. Or anything else made up
mostly of words. Are there serious advantages to using a word processor? You
bet. With a word processor :

 You can shape and reshape both what you say and the way it looks until
you’re 100 percent satisfied, and then print it out.

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 You never have to worry about running lines off the bottom of the page or
staying in the margins—the program takes care of that for you, breaking
lines and pages as you type. All you have to figure out is where to end one
paragraph and begin a new one.
 You can make titles and headings bigger or darker than the rest of the text,
and you can even print them in a different typeface if you want.
 You can print as many copies as you want, and each one looks like—indeed
is—an “original.”
2. Spreadsheet Programs

Microsoft Excel is the Office answer to spreadsheet software.

A spreadsheet program is the electronic equivalent of as many ledger

books as you can imagine, each one full of ledger sheets. As you’ll see in
this book, some of the tasks you can assign to a spreadsheet seem to have
very little to do with calculating balances or profits and losses. Yet they are
ideal jobs for a spreadsheet because of the way such a program organizes
and works with information. Whenever you have numbers to work with, or
information—say a student grade sheet, if you are a teacher—that’s best
presented in a grid you read both across and down, that’s the time to think
about using a spreadsheet.
Unlike a word processor, which is designed to deal with lines and
paragraphs of information, you can see here that a spreadsheet is designed

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 to deal with “nuggets” of information that are entered into the spaces, known
as cells, that march across the sheet in rows and down the sheet in columns.
This basic organization is the hallmark of every electronic spreadsheet.
3. Presentation Software

If you’re giving a presentation, you no longer have to use an old

overhead projector and messy pens, a dusty chalkboard, or piles of paper
handouts. Presentation software lets you create a slide show with all of your
notes, visual aids, and even movies or sound and broadcast it to a room full
of people. Presentation software not only makes it easy to present your
content, but it makes planning and organizing your talk easier as well. It
provides layouts and text and graphic placeholders so that you only have to
click and type to add your content. You can also add speaker notes to remind
yourself what to say during the presentation—no more note cards necessary!
And your audience or students will no longer have to frantically take notes
while trying to listen to you. Presentation software allows you to print your
slides as handouts so that the people in the audience have the presentation
in front of them and can actually listen to what you have to say.

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4. Database Software

Database programs come in multiple sizes, from simple to quite

large. For example, governments rely on databases for keeping track of
information— taxes, social security, veterans’ benefits, and so on.
Databases such as those fall into the “quite large” category, and they require
teams of trained professionals to update them and to keep them accurate. On
a lesser scale are databases such as inventories, employee information, and
sales that are maintained in large corporations around the world. These, too,
require trained professionals. People can and do use databases for much
smaller, everyday projects. They are great for organizing and keeping track
of any collection of related information that you want to organize, sort
through, and be able to update whenever you want.

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5. E-Mail and Calendar Management

E-mail is becoming an increasingly popular way to communicate with

people all over the world. Instead of having expensive phone conversations
with someone halfway around the world, you can use e-mail to cheaply and
instantly send them a message containing pictures, files, or even a video. You
can use email software to store the addresses and contact information of all of
your students, colleagues, friends, and family. You can organize your e-mail
inbox so that you can keep related e-mails in folders and have a record of
important conversations.
The e-mail program that is part of Office is called Microsoft Outlook.
It’s a much more robust program than Outlook Express, offering a place for
notes, a journal, and a task list to remind you of what you need to do each day.
Most useful, though, is the calendar feature of Outlook. You can use the
calendar to keep track of your meetings each day and view or print your
schedule for the day, week, or month. You can use the Outlook calendar to
schedule meetings with other people, attaching the meeting agenda and
booking resources (such as conference rooms) that you’ll need for the meeting.
Outlook also allows you to create recurring meetings of any frequency you
choose—weekly, biweekly, monthly, or annually. And the reminders that are
attached to each meeting announcement let you know when a meeting or

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 appointment is approaching. The reminder plays a chime and displays a dialog
box to alert you to the coming meeting.

2.2.3 Programming Software

Programming software is used to write, test, debug and develop other

software programs and applications. The various programming language editors
such as Eclipse – a Java language editor – appear under this category. They are
used for creating both the system as well as application software. (Programming
software examples – Turbo C, Xilinx, Kiel, compilers, debuggers, Integrated
Development Environment (IDE), etc.).

Software Examples Program?

Antivirus AVG, Housecall, McAfee, and Norton. Yes
Audio / Music iTunes and WinAmp. Yes
program
Database Access, MySQL, and SQL. Yes
Device drivers Computer drivers. No
E-mail Outlook and Thunderbird. Yes
Game Madden NFL football, Quake, and World of Yes
Warcraft.
Internet browser Firefox, Google Chrome, and Internet Yes
Explorer.
Movie player VLC and Windows Media Player. Yes
Operating system Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, and Windows. No
Photo / Graphics Adobe Photoshop and CorelDRAW. Yes
program
Presentation PowerPoint Yes
Programming C++, HTML, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, and Yes
language Visual Basic.
Simulation Flight simulator and SimCity. Yes
Spreadsheet Excel Yes
Utility Compression, Disk Cleanup, encryption, No
registry cleaner, and screen saver.
Word processor Microsoft Word Yes

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2.3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Hardware and Software Firewalls

A Firewall is a barrier that is designed to prevent unauthorized access to a

computer as well as unauthorized outflow of data from a computer. Firewalls
protect your computer or network from the activities of hackers and malicious
software or websites that may try to infiltrate or damage your computer. A firewall
could be a piece of equipment (Hardware firewall) or a program that is installed on
a computer (Software firewall). These two types of firewalls have advantages to
their use but they each also have disadvantages. These pros and cons are discussed
below.

A. Hardware Firewalls

These are known as Network firewalls because they are used to protect several
connected computers on a network.

1) Advantages of Hardware Firewalls

a) Single Central Solution, Easier to Maintain and Ideal for Large

Organizations : A hardware firewall allows a large organization to have a
central solution for its firewall needs. This would be better than having to
install and manage firewall software on every computer that it is connected
to its network. Configuration changes to a hardware firewall affect all the
computers on that network. Thus, those changes do not have to be carried
out on each and every computer.
b) Require Little Configuration or User Input: Hardware firewalls provide
strong protection right out of the box. They do not require any configuration
on the part of the individual users. If any such configuration is needed, it is
usually carried out centrally by an experienced IT professional precluding
the occurrence of errors which may render the firewall useless.
c) Can Handle Greater Amounts of Traffic: A large network of computers
generates a lot of traffic and hardware firewalls are especially designed to
manage and handle such amounts of traffic while protecting the network at
the same time.

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 d) Advanced and Extra Features: These include features like being able to
create and manage multiple firewalls (e.g. between different departments in
an organization), the use of more sophisticated protection methods, etc.

2) Disadvantages of Hardware Firewalls

a. Expensive: While hardware firewalls are available at different prices, they are
certainly a lot more expensive than software firewalls.
b. Less Upgradable: Hardware firewalls cannot be easily upgraded as software
firewalls can.
c. May Not Adequately Block Outgoing Traffic: Some hardware firewalls work
by only preventing external intrusion into a network and allowing all
outbound traffic which they consider “trusted” to leave freely. If hacker or
malware manages to breach the firewall, he (or it) could retrieve and export
sensitive information unchecked and undetected.

B. Software Firewalls

Software firewalls are also called Personal or Host-based firewalls because they are
installed on individual computers.

1) Advantages of Software Firewalls

a. Portable: Since software firewalls are installed on individual computers they

allow users to have firewall protection at all times. For example, people still
connect to the internet when they leave an organization’s network and for this
they need firewall protection.
b. Easily Upgraded: Upgrading software firewalls is easy as updates are simply
downloaded from the internet.
c. Cheap and Ideal for Individuals and Small Businesses: Firewall software is
typically several times cheaper than buying firewall hardware. Installing
software firewalls on individual computers is more cost-effective if protection
is needed for only one or a few computers.

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 d. Can Effectively Block Outgoing Traffic: Personal firewalls can be configured
to authorize only certain applications or programs to connect to a network or
the internet. In the event that malware finds its way unto a computer, software
firewalls can prevent it from sending unauthorized data – which may contain
passwords and financial information – out of your computer.

2) Disadvantages of Software Firewalls

a. Can Be Defeated By User’s Lack of Computer Security Experience: With

personal firewalls users need to know how to configure them to achieve
optimum security. Improper configuration may render a personal firewall
useless. Many firewalls usually display prompts to alert users of unauthorized
incoming or outgoing traffic whether safe or unsafe. If a user cannot tell
whether such traffic is unsafe, he or she may allow dangerous traffic to enter
or leave the computer.
b. Harder to Maintain: When firewall software is installed on several computers
such as in a large organization, it can be difficult to ensure that each and all
of them are updated and properly configured.
c. Only Protect Individual Computers: A personal firewall only protects the
computer on which it is installed.

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
In conclusion, computers are powerful and vital machines humans use as
tools in many aspects in life. Computers have become tools in professional and
relaxing moments of everyday life. Whether it is streaming music while doing
house chores, a student collecting data for a research paper, or an architect
designing a building, computers have made human life much simpler in
performing tasks. The possibilities in the future of computers are endless. Behind
that, computer can do everything beacuse coftware and hardware inside have to
work together and Freund (2017) states, “Microsoft Office 2016 is the newest
version of Microsoft Office, offering features that provide users with better
functionality and easier ways to work with the various files they create. This
version of Office also is designed to work more optimally on mobile devices and
online” (p.OFF7). In this paper you learned about basic computer hardware and
the importance of keeping your computer and its data safe. You learned also
about operating system. Finally, you learned about applications software and
how a computer network operates

3.2 Advice
Therefore, it is imperative that people keep up with the times by having a
basic understanding of computers, operating systems, and how to use them. In
reality the best form of firewall protection is a combination of both hardware and
software firewalls. This leverages their respective advantages while minimizing
the effects of their disadvantages.

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 REFERENCES

Vermaat, Misty E. Microsoft Office 2013 Introductory. Cengage Learning,

p.IT3. 2014
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