CHAPTER 3: PHILIPPINE HISTORY:
SPACES FOR CONFLICT AND
CONTROVERSIES
INTERPRETATION AND MULTIPERSPECTIVITY.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• 1. to interpret historical events using primary sources,
• 2. to recognize the multiplicity of interpretation that can be read from
a historical text,
• 3. to identify the advantages and disadvantages of employing critical
tools in interpreting historical events through primary sources, and
• 4. to demonstrate the ability to argue for or against a particular issue
using primary sources.
MEANING OF
HISTORICAL
INTERPRETATION
• Historical interpretations are assumptions and conclusions about the
revolution, made after the fact. The most common interpretations are
formed by historians: academics and researchers who study and write
HISTORICAL history.
INTERPRETATIONS
• Most historical interpretations are explanations: they tell us how and why
-is the process by which we describe, things occurred, providing reasons, arguments and evidence. Like historical
analyze, evaluate, and create an perspectives, however, there are often several interpretations of the same
explanation of past events in an attempt
to explain why and how things topic – and they may differ significantly.
happened as they did and why
particular elements in the past are
important.
• As an analogy, think of a significant historical event as a sporting contest,
(making sense of the past) like a football match watched by thousands of people. The football match
will have indisputable outcomes, such as a final scoreline, statistics, player
injuries and so forth.
• We base our interpretation on primary and secondary
historical sources.
• We analyze the evidence, contexts, points of view, and
HISTORICAL frames of reference.
INTERPRETATIONS • Historical interpretation requires synthesizing
(combining) a variety of evidence(primary and
Interpretation might explore
CAUSALITY (what made something secondary).
happen),PROCESSES ( revolutions,
economic depressions),CONFLICTS
(social class, race, gender) HISTORICAL
OUTCOMES(effects of past events) or
• It involves the ability to arrive at meaningful and
many more topics (creative thinking) persuasive understanding of the past by applying all the
other historical thinking skills.
ELEMENTS DEFINITIONS
Purposeful, thoughtful efforts Interpretations are conscious
reflections on the past, not simply
3 VITAL ELEMENTS OF irrational spur-of-the-moment
opinions.
HISTORICAL
Representations Interpretations are efforts to give an
INTERPRETATION audience an image or descriptions of
the event/issue being focused on.
Past events Interpretations are the reflections of
those of us studying the past, not of
the participants in those events.
[Link]
i216/hist_interp.htm
MULTIPERSPECTIVITY
-looking at historical events,
personalities, developments, cultures,
and societies from different
perspectives.
-multitude of ways by which we can
view the world.
- Viewing historical events from
several perspectives- alternative
narratives
MULTIPERSPECTIVITY
The word perspective has a Latin root,
“perspectus” meaning “look through”
or “perceive”
• Multiperspectivity in history
education requires
acknowledging that multiple
MULTIPERSPECTIVITY coexisting perspectives can
The word perspective has a Latin root, surround a 'historical object' (e.g.
“perspectus” meaning “look through”
or “perceive” an event, phenomenon, figure),
and it is rooted in the
epistemological understanding
that history is subjective and
cannot be viewed objectively.
CASE NO.1: WHERE DID THE FIRST MASS HAPPENED IN THE
PHILIPPINES?
Francisco Albo, a pilot of one of Magellan’s ship Antonio Pigafetta was a member of Magellan’s
Trinidad. He was one of the 18 survivors who expedition and he became an eye witness of the
returned to Spain on the ship Victoria. events particularly the first Mass.
ALBO’S LOG
-March 16, 1521 from Ladrones to Yunagan
-Suluan
-Gada
-Seilan or Ceylon
-Mazava
-Matan and Subu
PIGAFETTA’S TESTIMONY ON THE
ROUTE OF MAGELLAS’S EXPEDITION
-March 15, 1521, Saturday- Zamal
-March 17, 1521, Sunday- Humunu (Homonhon)
- He named the whole island as Archipelago de San Lazaro
(Islands of Saint Lazarus)
-March 18, 1521-an exchanged of gifts was effected
-”Watering Place of Good Omen”
-March 22, 1521-the natives returned in 2 boats to bring foods
-March 25, 1521- The feast of Annunciation of Mary, they left
Homonhon.
-March 28, 1521- Holy Thursday, they reached Mazava. They
remained in Mazava for 7 days.
PIGAFETTA’S 7-DAYS IN MAZAVA
1. March 28, 1521- (Holy Thursday)- an exchange of gifts was
effected with the natives.
2. March 29, 1521- (Holy Friday)-”they had come as friends and not
as enemies”
3. March 30,1521(Black Saturday)-evening feasting and drinking
4. March 31, 1521- (Easter Sunday)- The First Mass happened at
Mazava or Limasawa. (RA 2733)
5. April 1, 1521- harvest day
6. April 2,1521- harvest day
7. April 3, 1521-harvest day
*** April4,1521- They leave Mazava bound to Cebu.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE CAVITE
MUTINY?
1. Excerpts from Montero’s Account of the
Cavite Mutiny
2. Excerpts from the Official Report of
Governor Izquierdo on the Cavite Mutiny
of 1872
3. Excerpts from Pardo de Tavera’s Account
of the Cavite Mutiny
4. Excerpts from Plauchut’s Account of the
Cavite Mutiny
DID RIZAL RETRACT?
[Link] Balaguer Testimony
[Link] Testimony of Cuerpo de
Vigilancia
[Link] Account of the
Last Hours of Rizal
WHERE DID THE CRYOF REBELLION
HAPPENED?
[Link] of the CRY by
Guillermo Masangkay and
Pio Valenzuela