1. Food : Where Does it Come From?

A. Fill up the blanks with the words given :

Ans. 1. Carnivore 2. herbivore 3. plant 4. milk 5. sugarcane.
B. Give one word answer :
Ans. 1. Tiger 2. nector 3. leaf and root 4. omnivore 5. sprout.
C. State whether the following are True (T) or False (F):
Ans. 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. True.
D. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. What are the main sources of food?
Ans. There are two main sources of food :
(i) Plants : Plants provide us fruits, vegetables, pulses, grains, cereals, etc.
(ii) Animals : Animals provide us milk, meat, eggs, etc.
2. Name the food that we get from plants.
Ans. We get fruits, vegetables, pulses, grains, cereals, etc. from plants.
3. Who are herbivores?
Ans. The animals which eat only plants or plant products are herbivores. For example- cow,
goat, buffallo.
4. Why do we need food? Give two reasons.
Ans. We need food because it
(i) provides us energy to perform any activity.
(ii) provides certain chemicals (minerals & vitamines) that are needed to repair the cells
of our body and to protect our body from diseases.
5. Define herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.
Ans. Herbivores : The animals that eat only plant or plant products are called herbivores; as -
cow, goat, oxen, deer, buffallows, etc.
Carnivores : The animals that eat only other small animals are called carnivores; as - lion
and tiger. Carnivores generally eat herbivores and other carnivores.
Ominvores : The animals which eat both the plants and animals are called omnivores; as-
cat, dog and human beings.
E. Tick (√) the correct answer.
Ans. 1.-- (c) sugar, 2.-- (a) salt 3.-- (b) sugar 4.-- (b) moong 5.-- (c) man.

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 2. Components of Food
A. Tick (√) the correct answer :
Ans. 1.-- (c) proteins 2.-- (a) starch 3.-- (b) pulses 4.-- (b) vitamin C 5.-- (c) iron.
B. Name the following :
Ans. 1. Rice 2. Vitamin C 3. Kwashiorkor 4. Goitre 5. Anaemia.
C. State whether the True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True.
D. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. Vitamin A 2. Scurvy 3. Proteins 4. Carbohydrates
5. Water and roughage 6. Phosphorus.
E. Write short answers :
1. Why are vitamins important for us?
Ans. : Vitamins are important for us because these protect our body against diseases and keep
our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.
2. What are nutrients?
Ans. The components of food which are needed by our body for growth and development are
called nutrients.
3. Why do we need to include roughage in our diet?
Ans. We need to include roughage in our diet because they add bulk to our body and help our
body get rid of undigested food.
4. Explain fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.
Ans. Fat-soluble vitamins : Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in fat before being absorbed to the
blood. These are vitamin A, D, E and K.
Water soluble vitamins : The vitamins which dissolve in water being absorbed to the
blood. These are vitamin B and C.
5. Why are proteins called body-building food?
Ans. Proteins are the most important nutrient. They are called body-building food, because they
help in the growth and repair of damaged cells and tissues of our body. Proteins also make
our nails, hair and muscles.
F. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. What is balanced diet? What should be the composition of a balanced diet?
Ans. A diet which provides the right proportion of all the nutrients that our body needs along
with roughage and water, is called balanced diet.
The composition (components) that a balanced diet should have are carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, vitamins, minerals, roughage and water.
2. What are deficiency diseases? Mention three of them and write how they occur?
Ans. Diseases which occur due to the deficiency of one or more essential nutrients in the diet,
are called deficiency diseases. The diseases develop if the deficiency continues over a long
period of time. Deficiency diseases cannot be transmitted from one person to another and
can be prvented by eating a balanced diet.

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 The three deficiency diseases and their causes are :
(i) Kwashiorkor or marasmus, caused by protein deficiency.
(ii) Skin dry and lack of energy, caused by carbohydrate deficiency.
(iii) Anaemia, caused by iron deficiency.
3. How will you test the presence of proteins in food items?
Ans. To test the presence of proteins in a given food item, a small quantity of the given
sample is taken.
If the sample is solid, it is ground or paste of it is made. Some part of it is taken in a
clean test-tube and 10 drops of water is added to it. It is shaken well. Now, two drops
of copper sulphate solution and 10 drops of caustic soda solution are added to the test-
tube. Then, the test-tube is shaken well and placed in a test-tube stand for a few minutes.
Now, colour of the content of the test-tube is observed. If the colour of the content
turns violet, the food item contains protein.
4. Why do children need more proteins than adults?
Ans. It is so because children grow faster than adult. For their faster growth children need
relatively more proteins than adults. Deficiency of protein in diet leads to a disease
called Kwashiorkor. The disease is common among children of one to five years of
age.
5. Why are fats called energy-store in our body?
Ans. Fats are energy-giving food. They give us more energy than carbohydrates. Our body
uses the fats stored under skin and other parts. When we are short of energy, they
provide us energy. This is the reason because fats are called ‘energy-store’ in our body.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 3

 3. Fibre to Fabric

A. Tick (√) the correct answer :

Ans. 1.-- (a) cotton 2.-- (b) leather 3.-- (d) cold 4.-- (e) leather 5.-- (b) wool.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. cotton plant, jute plants 2. fibres 3. natural, synthetic
4. cotton bolls 5. silk, wool.
C. Answer the following in one word :
Ans. 1. bark or big leaves of trees, 2. silk fibres 3. humid, black 4. ginning
5. No 6. loom.
D. Write short answers :
1. What is fibre?
Ans. Fibres are the thin strands of thread which are used to make yarns. They are obtained from
natural as well as man-made sources.
2. Name two items made from cotton fibre.
Ans. Handkerchief, shirt.
3. What is the difference between fabric and yarn?
Ans. Fabric : Fabric is a woven material, textile or other materials resembling woven cloth.
Yarn : Yarn is commonly known as thread. It is formed by twisting the fibres. Yarns are
used for weaving, knitting or sewing.
Fabrics are made from yarns.
4. Traditionally how was spinning carried out in India?
Ans. The process of making yarns from fibres, is called as spinning. Traditionally, the spinning
was carried out by hand-operated devices as Takli or Charkha.
5. Name two items made from jute fibres.
Ans. (i) Ropes (ii) sacks
6. Give two examples of synthetic fibres.
Ans. (i) Polyester (ii) Nylon
E. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. Differentiate between fibres and fabrics.
Ans. Fibres : Fibres are thin strands of thread which are used to make yarns (threads). They are
obtained from natural as well as man-made sources.
Fabrics : Fabrics are woven materials, textiles or other materials resembling woven cloths.
Fabrics are made by the two main processes known as weaving and knitting.
2. Name the steps involved in converting cotton growing on plants to cloth. Explain
each step in one sentence.
Ans. Steps involved in converting cotton growing on plants to cloth are :
(i) Growing cotton plants : Cotton plants are grown in fields having black soil and
warm weather.
(ii) Harvesting : Burst cotton bolls are collected (harvested) from plants.

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 (iii) Ginning of cotton : Cotton fibres are then separated from the seeds by combing, the
process is called ginning of cotton.
(iv) Spinning of cotton yarns : The cotton fibres, thus now obtained are twisted to form
yarn by the process, called spinning.
(v) (a) Weaving : It is the process of arranging two yarns together to make fabrics.
(b) Knitting : It is the process of making a piece of fabric from a single yarn.
3. What is the basic difference between knitting and weaving?
Ans. In knitting, a piece of fabric is made from a single yarn, whereas in weaving, a piece of
fabric is made by arranging two sets of yarns together.
4. What are the uses of cotton?
Ans. Cotton wool is used as filling material for mattresses, quilts, pillows and making wicks for
oil-lamps, bandages, etc. Cotton yarn and Fabric waste is used in carpets, rugs and other
hand looms.
Fresh cotton yarns are used to make apparel, inner and outer wear, socks, etc.
Cotton cloth pieces are extensively used as mops in household, hospitals and cleaning
machines in industries.
5. Write a note on the importance of clothing.
Ans. Clothings (or clothes) is items worn on the body. Clothing is typically made of fabrics or
textiles. The wearing of clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all
human societies. The amount and type of clothing worn, depends on gender, body type,
social and geographic considerations.
Clothing is important because it serves many purposes. It can serve as protection from the
elements rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bites, splinters, thorns and prickles by
providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. Clothes can insulate against
cold or hot conditions, and they can provide a hygienic barrier, keeping infectious and
toxic materials away from the body. Clothing also provides protection from ultraviolet
radiation.
Clothing performs a range of social and cultural functions, such as individual, occupational
and gender differentiation and social status. In many societies, norms about clothing reflect
standards of modesty, religion, gender and social status. Clothing may also function as
adornment and an expression of personal taste or style.

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 4. Sorting Materials into Groups

A. Tick (√) the correct answer :

Ans. 1.-- (c) opaque 2.-- (c) have both mass and take up space 3.-- (c) sound 4.-- (c) mustard
oil and (d) coke 5.--- (c) oxygen.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. their lustre 2. Translucent 3. Transparent 4. Gold, Silver 5. opaque.
C. State whether True (T) or False (F)
Ans. 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False 6. True
7. True 8. True.
D. Write short answers :
1. List five materials. Name one thing that is made from each of these.
Ans. Materials Materials they are made from
1. Pen Plastic, metal
2. Chair Wood
3. Shoes Leather
4. Knife Steel
5. Books Paper

2. Why do we need to group or classify things around us?

Ans. We need to group or classify things for our convenience to study their properties.
3. What are soluble and insoluble materials?
Ans. Materials which completely disappear or disssolve in water are soluble materials and those
which do not mix with water or do not disappear in water are insoluble in water.
4. How can paper be made translucent?
Ans. By spreading oil on the paper, it can be made translucent.
5. What happens when kerosene oil and cooking oil are added to water? Why?
Ans. When kerosene oil and cooking oil are added to water, each oil forms a separate layer over
water. It is so because they are immissible in water and lighter than water.
E. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. How will you determine the hardness of a given substance?
Ans. The hardness of the given substance can be determined by pressing it with hand. It can also
be determined by scratching or cutting. If the substance cannot be pressed with hands or
scratched or cut easily, it is hard.
2. How will you know whether a jug of plastic will sink or float?
Ans. To know whether a jug of plastic will sink or float, we take a bucket or a tub and fill it two-
thirds with water. Then we drop the jug into the water and observe whether it floats or
sinks. Since the jug of plastic is lighter than water, so it floats over water.
3. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are slightly soluble in water. What is the impotance of
each of these above gases in nature?
Ans. In spite of oxygen and carbon dioxide are slightly soluble in water, there is great importance
Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 6
 of these gases in nature. Aquatic organisms use oxygen dissolved in water for breathing, and
carbon dioxide dissolved in water is used by aquatic plants to make their food by photosynthesis.
4. Describe an activity to show that edible oil is an immiscible liquid.
Ans. To show that edible oil is immiscible in water,
the following activity is being described.
Activity : We take a glass tumbler containing Separate layer of
some water. Then we pour a teasponsful of edible oil
edible oil in it and shake it well. Now, we
leave the tumbler undisturbed for five
minutes. Then we observe that the edible oil Water
forms a separate layer over water.
It proves that edible oil is immiscible in water.
Fig. Edible oil is
immiscible in water

5. Write the physical properties of metals.

Ans. The physical properties of metals are :
(i) Lustrous (Shiny) : Most metals are a shiny.
(ii) Ductility : It can be drown into wire.
(iii) Good conductors of heat and electricity : Metals conducts heat and electricity through
them.
(iv) Solidity (high density) : Metals generally occur in solid state and are hard. But mercury
is a metal that exists in liquid state. Sodium and potassium are soft metals and can be
cut with knife.
(v) Maleability : It can be hammered. It is able to be shaped.
6. Describe an activity to show the test for solibility of the following substances :
salt, sugar, sand, sawdust, glucose.
Ans. Activity to show the test for solibility of salt, sugar, sand, sawdust and glucose :
We take five beakers and fill all the beakers about two-thirds with water. Then we add a
spoonfull of salt to the first beaker, sugar to the second and in this way, add small amounts
of the sand, sawdust and glucose into the third, forth and fifth beakers respectively. We,
then stir gently the contents of each beaker with a spoon. Now we wait for some minutes.
Then we observe carefully what happens to the substances added to water. Our observations
are given in the table given below :
S.N. Substances Soluble or Insoluble in water
1. Salt Soluble
2. Sugar Soluble
3. Sand Insoluble
4. Sawdust Insoluble
5. Glucose Soluble

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7. Differentiate between transparent, translucent and opaque objects with examples.
Ans. Following table shows the differences between transparent, translucent and opaque objects.
Transparent objects Translucent objects Opaque objects
objects which Object which allow Object which
allow light to pass all the light to pass do not allow
through them through them the light to pass
are transparent partially are through them
objects. translucent are opaque
Examples : objects. objects.
Glass, air and Examples : Butter Examples :
clear water. paper, tissue paper, wood, metals,
window glass, etc. cardboard, etc.

5. Separation of Substances
A. Tick (√) the correct answer :
Ans. 1.-- (d) mixture 2.-- (d) winnowing 3.-- (c) difference in weight 4.-- (b) sedimentation.
5.-- (a) distillation.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. winnowing 2. strainer 3. threshing 4. evaporation 5. condensation.
C. State whether True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True.
D. Write short answers :
1. How do we separate fine particles of insoluble solid from a liquid?
Ans. By fitration.
2. What is the process by which vapour of any liquid is converted into liquid by cooling?
Ans. By condensation.
3. How is common salt obtained from sea water?
Ans. It is done by evaporation.
4. Name two substances of each which are,
(a) soluble in water (b) insoluble in water
Ans. (a) sugar, salt (b) sand, sawdust
5. A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved.
Ans. Saturated solution.

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E. Answer the following questions in detail:
1. Why is water called universal solvent?
Ans. Water is called universal solvent because it is a liquid which can dissolve many substances
in it. It can dissolve solids like salt and sugar, liquids like alcohol, milk, juices and gases
like oxygen and carbon dioxide.
2. How would you obtain clear water from muddy water?
Ans. Method 1 : We will obtain clear water from muddy water by the process of filteration.
A filter paper is one that has very fine pores in it. To perform the filteration, we fold the
filter paper in the form of a cone. It is fixed in a funnel. The muddy water is poured on the
filter paper. The mud stays on the filter paper and clean water is obtained in the beaker or
in any pot.
Method 2 : We can obtain the clear water from muddy water by the process of loading.
In this process, we take a beaker and fill it half
with muddy water. Now, we tie a thread to a small
piece of alum and hang it in the beaker by holding
the other end of the thread.
After one minute, we remove the alum from water
and keep the beaker undisturbed for some time.
We observe that the dust particles become heavier
and settle down at the bottom of the beaker. When Muddy water Alum dissolve Fine particles
in water settle down
all the dust particles settle down at the bottom of (finer particles faster
remain floating)
the beaker, the water becomes clear. Loading of finer clay particles in
This clear water is decanted into another beaker. muddy water with alum

In this way, we obtain the clear water from the muddy water.
3. How is winnowing useful to farmers?
Ans. Winnowing is useful to farmers because they use this method to separate grains from husk
after threshing. The farmers allow the mixture of grains and husk to fall down from some
height in the blowing air. The wind carries away the lighter husk with it and heavier grains
(wheat or rice) fall vertically down on the flatform or ground.
Thus, farmers separate grains from husk by this process. This process is costless for farmers.
Hence the process is very useful to them.
4. How will you separate a mixture of sand, sugar and pebbles?
Ans. To separate a mixture of sand, sugar and pebbles, we use more than one method of separation.
Here, hand-picking and evaporation method will be employed.
First we separate pebbles from the mixture by hand-picking.
Remaining mixture contains sand and sugar. Sugar dissolves in water but sand does not.
So, the mixture is taken in a beaker containing water and stirred well. Now this mixture is
filtered. Filtrate obtained contain sugar and water. By evaporation we recover sugar from
the solution.
5. How does the solubility of a soluble solid substance change with rise in temperature?
Ans. For many soluble solid substances dissolved in water, the solubility increases with increase
of temperature. It is so because, the increase in kinetic energy that comes with higher
temperature allows the solvent (water) molecules to more effectively break apart the solute
(soluble solid) molecules that are held together by intermolecular attraction. Like this the
solubility of solid substances change with rise in temperature.
Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 9
 6. Change Around Us

A. Fill in the blanks type questions. :

Ans. 1. reversible 2. reversilbe/physical 3. irreversible/chemical
4. reversible/physical 5. irreversible.
B. Give one word for the following :
Ans. 1. Reversible change 2. Irreversible change 3. Physical change 4. Chemical change.
C. State whether True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True.
D. Write short answers :
1. What is a reversible change?
Ans. It is a change that can be reversed and the original shape and size of the substance can be
obtained. Examples : (i) drying of wet clothes (ii) heating of water.
2. You drop a glass, it breaks. Is this change reversible?
Ans. No, it is irreverble change.
3. Your mother is making poories. You make small balls out of the dough and roll them
out. Is this change reversible? Your mummy has fried the poories. Is this reversible?
Ans. The change we made is reversible but not mummy’s. The change which mummy did, is
irreversible change.

7. Getting to know plants

A. Tick (√) the correct answer :
Ans. 1.-- (d) overy 2.-- (c) maize 3.-- (c) carrot 4.-- (c) overy 5.-- (a) stamen
6.-- (a) internode 7. (b) pistil 8.-- (d) money plant.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. stamen 2. seed 3. chlorophyll 4. parallel 5. fibrous.
C. Give one word for each of the following:
Ans. 1. herb 2. stem/shoot system 3. node 4. photosynthesis
5. fibrous root 6. ovary.
D. Answer the following in short:
1. Write down the main functions of the stem.
Ans. Stem provides support to the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. It conducts water and
minerals from soil to the leaves. In few plants, the stem also stores food.
2. Describe an activity to show the process of transpiration in plants.
Ans. Activity showing the process of transpiration in plants :
We take a potted plant. We cover the leaves of the plant with a polythene sheet or bag and
keep it in the sun. After some time we find water droplets on the inner side of the polythene.
This shows that transpiration has taken place.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 10

 3. What is the differences between tap root and fibrous root?
Ans. Following are the differences between tap root and fibrous root:
Taproot Fibrous root
In this type of root a main In fibrous root, there is
root (primary root) grows no main or primary root.
vertically downward in the In it, a bunch of similar-sized roots
soil. Primary roots give arise from the base of the
out lateral roots called plant and spread out into the soil.
secondary roots. Examples : Grasses,
Examples : In big trees wheat, paddy and maize
and herbs. plants.

4. What is transpiration?
Ans. The process of loss of water in vapour form through the leaves is called transpiration.
Plants give out extra water from the leaves in the form of vapour through stomata.
5. What is a leaf and what role does it play in the life of a plant?
Ans. Leaf is a foliage part of a plant. It is generally green. A leaf plays an important role in the
plant life. It produces food for the plant by the process of photosynthesis.
E. State whether the following are True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. True
7. True 8. True 9. False 10. True.
F. Correct the following statements and rewrite them in your notebook :
Ans. 1. Root absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
2. Stem holds the plant upright.
3. Stems conduct water to the leaves.
4. The number of petals and stamens is not always equal.
5. Corola is the innermost past of a flower.
6. Flowers are always useful for human beings.
G. Is it possible for you to find out whether a plant has tap root or fibrous root by looking at
the impression of its leaf on a sheet of paper?
Ans. Yes, it is possible. There is an interesting resemblance between roots and leaf venation of plants.
If the impression of the leaf has parallel venation, the plant has fibrous root, and if the leaf has
reticulate venation, the plant has taproot.

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 8. Body Movements
A. Tick (√) the correct answer :
Ans. 1.-- (d) whole body 2.-- (b) backbone 3.-- (d) hinge joint
4.-- (c) skeletal system 5.-- (d) legs.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. invertibrate 2. lower 3. hinge 4. muscles 5. streamlined.
C. State whether True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. True 6. False.
D. Answer briefly :
1. What type of joints are found in knee and ankle?
Ans. Hinge Joints.
2. Name the regions of a backbone
Ans. Names of the regions of a backbone are neck, chest, belly, hip and tail.
3. What is the function of cartilage?
Ans. It prevents the bones from grinding againt each other. It holds bones of joints and acts as a
shock-absorber. Inspite of these it also helps in forming the framework of the body called
skeleton.
4. Name two organs protected by the rib cage
Ans. Lungs and heart.
5. Why are at least two muscles needed to move a bone at a joint in one direction?
Ans. A muscle can only pull, it cannot push. Thus, two muscles are required to work together to
move a bone. When one muscle contracts, the bone is pulled. When another muscle of the
pair pulls, it brings the bone in its original position.
6. What helps the earthworm to grip the ground?
Ans. A number of tiny hair like bristles present on the lower surface of the body help the
earthworm to grip the ground.
7. List two adaptations in birds that help them to fly.
Ans. (i) Streamlined body
(ii) Hollow and light bones
8. What is joint?
Ans. The place where two parts of the body seem to be joined together is called a joint.
9. Which animal carries a shell?
Ans. Snail carries a shell.
10. What are the functions of spine?
Ans. Following are the functions of spine :
(i) It protects our spinal cord and surrounding structure.
(ii) It provides foundation of our body-posture.
(iii) It enables us to move and bend. The spine allows us to bend, twist, turn and do all the
motions.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 12

E. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. Why can our elbow not move backward?
Ans. Our elbow does not move backward because the two bones of an elbow are joined by hinge
joint which allows angular movement in one plane only similar to the hinges of a door.
2. Explain the structure of the ball and socket joint. Give two examples of such joints in
the human body. What kind of movement does such a joint allow?
Ans. The spherical end of one bone fits into the hallow space of the other bone, such type of
joint is called ball-and-socket joint.

Socket
Ball

Fig : Ball and socket joint

This type of joint is found in hip joint and shoulder joint in the human body.
Ball-and-socket joint allows movements in all directions, i.e. a rotational movement.
3. What is a rib cage?
Ans. It is a set of bones that encloses the heart and lungs and is present in the front part of our
body below the neck. It is made of small strips of bones called ribs.
4. Which one of the skull bones is movable?
Ans. Only lower jow of the skull bones is movable. The movable lower jaw allows us to speak
and chew food.
5. What features help the bird to fly?
Ans. Birds posses a number of features which help them to fly. These features are :
(i) They have streamlined body which makes it for them to move in air.
(ii) Bones are hollow and light which makes their body light?
(iii) They have wings with feathers. Flapping of wings provides both thrust and lift in the air.
(iv) Strong breast muscle help in flapping of wings during flight.
6. Explain the movement of a snake :
Ans. Sankes do not have limbs. Snakes move fast by crawling on their bellies. Scales are present on
their bodies. The scales help in crawling. During movement, the body curves into many loops.
Each loop gives the snake a forward push by pressing against the ground.
Because of the formation of several loops, the thrust given by the loops allows the snake to move
forward very fast in a wave-like manner. Snakes do not move in a straight line.

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 9. The living organisms and
Their surroundings
A. Tick (√) the correct answer :
Ans. 1.-- (c) plants 2.-- (b) Tropical forest 3.-- (c) hilly areas
4.-- (c) elephant 5.-- (b) winter.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. desert 2. human/animals 3. aquatic 4. gills
5. sloping branches.
C. Give one word answers :
Ans. 1. Living 2. Plants 3. Ecology 4. Desert 5. Secondary
6. Microbes 7. Salt water 8. Amoeba 9. Cactus 10. Streamlined
11. Excretion 12. Cone-shaped 13. Hibernation 14. Adaptation 15. Broad.
D. State whether the following are True (T) or False (F):
Ans. 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True 6. True
7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. True.
E. Write short answers :
1. How will you define growth in the living organism?
Ans. Growth in the living organisms is defined as an increase in size, height and girth. Growth
seems to be common to all living things. For example, a chicken hatched from an egg grow
into a hen or cock.
2. What will happen if organisms do not adapt their habitat?
Ans. When organisms do not adapt their habitat, they will not survive in their habitat and will be
eliminated.
3. Why do animals move from place to place?
Ans. Animals move from place to place in search of food, water, shelter and suitable climatic
conditions.
4. What is the basic function of the roots in an aquatic plant?
Ans. The roots in aquatic plants are much reduced in size and their main basic function is to
hold the plants in a place.
5. Write the names of two types of aquatic habitats.
Ans. The names of the two types of aquatic habitat are :
(i) Sea water habitat and (ii) Fresh water habitat.
6. Name the plant whose leaves closed when someone touch it.
Ans. Touch-me-not plant. It is known as lajwanti in hindi.
7. How are roots and stems of water plants adapted?
Ans. Water plant roots are small in size and stems are usually long, hollow and light.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 14

F. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. What is a habitat?
Ans. The place where organisms live, is called a habitat. The organisms depend for their food,
water, air, shelter and other needs on their habitat. A suitable habitat should be safe. Several
kinds of plants and animals may share the same habitat.
2. How are cactus adopted to survive in deseart?
Ans. Cactus are adapted to survive in a desert as they have
- no leaves or have spiny leaves to prevent water loss through transpiration.
- stems modified in such a way that they perform photosynthesis and conserve water.
- such type of roots which go very deep into soil for searching or absorbing water.
3. Differentiate between biotic and abiotic components.
Ans. Biotic component Abiotic component
The living things such Various non-living things
as plants, animals and such as a rock, soil, air
microbes in a habitat water and sunlight in the
are called biotic habitat are called abiotic
components. components.

4. List the adaptations in a lion as a predator.

Ans. Adaptations in a lion as a preditor:
(i) Eyesface forward, i.e., eyes are in the front of the face. This allows the lion to have a
correct idea about the location of its prey.
(ii) It has sharp teeth and long claws on its front leg. This helps it to grab and stab the prey.
(iii) Its light brown colour helps it to hide in dry grassland where it hunts for its prey.
5. Explain why speed is important for survival in the grasslands for animals that live
there.
Ans. In grassland habitats, the places or trees for animals to hide are limited. When their enemy
attacks suddenly, they have to run faster so as to reach a safe place. If they fail to run
quickly, they have to lose their life. So, the speed is very important for survival in the
grasslands for animals.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 15

 10. Motion and Measurement
of Distance

A. Tick (√) the correct answer :

Ans. 1.-- (a) metre 2.-- (c) beating of a drum 3.-- (a) spin ball in cricket
4.-- (d) vibratory motion 5.-- (b) 100 cm.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. rectilinear 2. vibratory (oscillatory) 3. position 4. subunits 5. 1000
C. Write short answers :
1. Why are standard units used in measurement?
Ans. For the sake of uniformity and reliability standard units are used in measurement.
2. When an object said to be in motion?
Ans. When an object changes its position or direction with respect to its surroundings with time,
the object is said to be in motion.
3. Give two examples each of modes of transport used on land, water and air.
Ans. (a) Modes of transport used on land-- bus, train
(b) Modes of transport used on water-- ship, boat.
(c) Modes of transport used in air-- aeroplane, helicopter.
4. If the length of a table is 125 cm, what will be its length in metre?
Ans. As, 100 cm = 1 metre
So, 125 cm = 125/100 m = 1.25 m.
5. Name two kinds of motions that the earth has.
Ans. The earth has one rotatory motion on its axis and another revolutionary (revolving)
motion around the sun. Thus, there are two types of simultaneous circular motions.
D. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. Name the two different types of translatorory motion and explain in brief.
Ans. (a) Rectilinear : When a body moves along a straight line, its motion is called rectilinear
motion.
(b) Curvilinear : When a body moves along a curved path, its motion is called curvilinear.
2. Why did the International system of units come into existence?
Ans. We need standard unit for measurement to make our judgement more reliable and accurate.
For proper dealing, measurement should be same for everybody in every place.
Thus, for the sake of uniformity and occuracy, the International system of units come into
existance.
3. Why can a pace or footstep not be used as a standard unit of length?
Ans. Pace or footstep cannot be used as a standard unit of length because their measurement is
not fixed and varies from person to person. Every person has different pace or footstep
length. So, with the help of this, we can’t find the actual length. But standard unit is that
unit which must remained similar in all places of world. It should not depend upon body
parts and natural phenomenon.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 16

 4. Give three examples of objects having more than one type of motion.
Ans. (a) A rolling ball : It undergoes both translatory and rotational motion.
(b) Wheels of a bike : They undergo both rotational and translatory motion.
(c) Motion of a sewing machine. The needle of the machine is in periodic motion whereas
the wheels of the sewing machine are in circular motion.
(d) Motion of Earths : The earth keeps on rotating on its axis as well as revolves around
the sun. Thus, there are two types of simultaneous circular motion.
(e) Drawing water from well : In a well, the pulley on which the rope runs has circualr
motion and the bucket has linear motion.
(Note : students can write any three examples)
5. What are the oscillatory motion and vibratory motion? Give examples.
Ans. (a) Oscillatory motion : A motion in which an object moves to and fro about a central or
mean position is called an oscillatory motion. Examples : The motion (movement) of
a pendulum and swing.
(b) Vibratory motion : Vibratory motion is also an oscillatory motion where an object
moves to and fro very fast. Examples : The movement of strings in a musical instrument
like guitar, the movement of the surface of drums and tabla when played.
E. Identify the type of motion taking place in the following:
1. Pendulum 2. Ball rolling on the ground. 3. Heartbeat 4. A Potter’s wheel
5. Spinning top 6. Fickering of eyelids 7. The wheels of a bus
8. A clock pendulum 9. A swing 10. A regiment marching.
Ans. 1. Oscillatory motion
2. Translatory and rotational motion
3. Periodic motion
4. Circular motion
5. Spinning (circular motion)
6. Non-periodic motion
7. Linear motion and rotational motion
8. Periodic (Oscillatory) motion
9. Periodic (Oscillatory) motion
10. Linear motion.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 17

 11. Light, Shadow and Reflections
A. Tick (√) the correct answer :
Ans. 1.-- (d) wood 2.-- (c) Opaque 3.-- (a) black 4.-- (b) mirror
5.-- (b) shadow.
B. State whether the following are True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False 6. False
7. True 8. False 9. False 10. True.
C. Give one word answer
Ans. 1. No. (nothing can travel faster than the speed of light)
2. Non-luminous 3. Luminous 4. True 5. No
6. Full moon day 7. True 8. False 9. Sun 10. No.
D. Write short answers :
1. What is the difference between a shadow and an image?
Shadow Image
A shadow is casted An image is formed when
when a ray of light is light falling on an object
blocked or obstructed is thrown back (reflected)
by an object. or allowed to pass through
the object.
Size and shape of the Image has the same shape
shadow may change and colour. Size of an
depending on how an image may however differ
object obstructs the from that of the object.
path of light. Shadow
normally looks black.
2. When does a shadow form?
Ans. A shadow forms when an opaque object comes between a sources of light and a surface.
3. Can a transparent object cast a shadow? Why or why not?
Ans. A transparent object cannot cast a shadow because light is not obstructed by it which is
necessary to form a shadow.
4. Define translucent bodies. Give two examples.
Ans. Bodies which allow light to pass through them only partially are translucent. Examples :
Butter paper, smoked glass.
5. Name the kinds of non-luminous objects.
Ans. Non-luminous objects : chair, table, trees, books, geometry box, etc.
6. Distinguish between transparent and translucent bodies.
Ans. Transparent bodies Translucent bodies
Transparent bodies Translucent bodies
allow light to pass allow light to pass through
through them fully. them only partilly. As- oily
As- glass, air, clear or butter paper, smoked
water. glass.
Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 18
E. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. It is said that a pinhole camera exists in nature. Explain.
Ans. It is correct. There is an interesting pinhole camera in nature. Sometimes, when we pass
under a tree covered with large number leaves, we notice small patches of sunlight under
it. These circular images are, in fact, pinhole images of the sun. The gaps between the
leaves act as the pinholes. These gaps are all kinds of irregular shapes, but we can see
circular images of the sun. Thus, a pinhole camera exists in nature.
2. With the help of an experiment show that light travels in straight lines.
Ans. From the following experiment
we can show that light travels
in stright lines.
We put a lighted cande on a
table. Then we take a piece of
pipe. Now closing one eye we
look at the lighted candle
through the pipe. We are able (a) (b)
to see the lighted candle.
Now we bend the pipe in the Looking through a pipe pointed Fig. (a) towards
middle when looking at the the lighted candle and Fig. (b) a little away
from a the candle
lighted candle. Now we are not
able to see the lighted candle.
This experiment shows that light travels in a straight line.
3. Give the principle, construction and working of a pinhole camera.
Ans. Principle : Pinhole camera rely on the fact that light travels in straight
lines- a principle called the rectilinear theory of light.
Construction :
 We take two boxes such that one can slide into another
leaving no gap. (a)

 Their lids of one side are removed.

 On the opposite side of the larger box, a small aperture
(pinphole) is made.
(b)
 We cut out a square in the centre with a size about 5 to 6
cm2 on the opposite side of the small box.
 The open square is covered with a tracing paper
(translucent screen) with the help of adhesive tape.
 Finally, we slide the smaller box inside the larger box (c)
such that the side with tracing paper is inside.
Now, the pinhole camera is ready for use.
Fig. A sliding pinhole camera

Working : A pinhole camera is a simple camera without lens but with a tiny aperture (pinhole).
It is effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in one side. Light from a scene (an
object) passes through the aperture, projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the
box, which is known as obscura effect.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 19

 4. Give two important differences between an image and a shadow.
Ans. Image Shadow
1. An image is formed when 1. A shadow is casted
light falling on an object when a ray of light is
is thrown back (reflected) blocked or obstructed
or allowed to pass through by an object.
the object.
2. Image has the same shape 2. Size and shape of the
and colour. Size of an shadow may change
image may however differ depending on how an
from that of the object. object obstructs the
path of light. Shadow
normally looks black.
5. What do you understand by reflection of light? Explain the phenomenon with the
help of an experiment.
Ans. When light rays fall on a highly polished (mirror) smooth surface and return to the same
medium, it is called reflection of light.
Experiment : This experiment or activity is done at night or in a dark room. We ask our
friend to held a mirror in his hand at one corner of the room. We stand at another corner
with a torch in our hand. We cover the glass of torch with our fingers in such a way that
there should be small gap between our fingers. Now we switch the torch on directing the
beam of torch-light on the mirror that our friend is holding.
Result : We observe a patch of light on the other side (wall) of the room. This shows that
a mirror reflects the light that falls on it.
F. Fill up the blanks :
Ans. 1. natural, non-luminous.
2. transparent, opaque 3. obstructed, opaque
4. rectilinear propagation 5. opaque object, shadow.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 20

 12. Electricity and Circuits

A. Tick (√) the correct answer :

Ans. 1.-- (b) two 2.-- (c) wood 3.-- (a) electrical energy 4.-- (c) series combination
5.-- (d) any insulator.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. ac (alternate current) 2. chemical 3. rechargeable
4. conductors 5. filament.
C. State whether True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True 6. False.
D. Give one word answers :
Ans. 1. switch 2. Series combination 3. Solar plate 4. Path
5. non-conductor or insulator. 6. Generally no.
E. Write short answers :
1. What is an electric circuit?
Ans. The movement of electrons makes electric current flow, and the pathway through which
electrons move, is called electric circuit.
2. What do you mean by a closed circuit?
Ans. A circuit where there is no gap between two terminals is called a closed circuit. In other
words, we say, the complete path of an electric current starting from one terminal of the
cell and returning to other terminal is called closed circuit.
3. Why can electricity not flow in an open circuit?
Ans. It is so because the path of electricity flow is incomplete or broken up.
4. Name the elements of an electric current:
Ans. Following are the basic elements of an electric current :
(i) Energy source (Battery), (ii) conductor (wire), (iii) load (device) and
(iv) controller (switch).
5. What is the function of the switch in an electric circuit?
Ans. Electric switch is used to make electric circuit open or close (ON or OFF) for a particular
appliance and hence, with the help of a switch we can use an appliance according to our
need.
6. How are chargeable cells different from ordinary dry cells?
Ans. Ordinary dry cells can convert chemical energy to electrical energy only, but rechargeable
cells can store electrical energy into chemical energy and vise versa. Chargeable cells can
be recharged and used again and again but ordinary dry cells cannot be recharged.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 21

F. Answer the following questions :
1. How does electricity flow in an electric circuit? What is meant by an open circuit?
Ans. The electricity flow in a closed circuit from the positive terminal of the source (battery) to
its negative terminal, via various electrical components such as switch, bulbs, etc. The
electricity enter the bulb (or any other electrical appliances) through one of its terminals,
flows through the filament, and comes out of other terminal.
The circuit in which electrical contact at any point is broken, is called an open circuit. No
current flows in an open circuit.
2. Draw an electric circuit and explain its working.
Ans. negative
terminal positive terminal
bulb
cell negative terminal
positive terminal

switch

Fig. A closed electric circuit

Working : When the path of current in a circuit is completed, then electric current starts flowing
through the circuit and the bulb glows. The direction of flow of current will be from positive
terminal to the negative terminal of the cell.
3. What is the difference between insulators and conductors? Give three examples of
each.
Ans. Insulators Conductors
The materials which The materials which
do not allow the electric allow the electric current to pass
current to pass through through them are called
them are called insulators. conductors.
Examples: rubber, wood, Examples : Copper wire,
paper, polythene, etc. pencils lead, brass and
most of the metals.

4. Define conductors and insulators. Give two examples of each.

Ans. Conductors are those materials which easily allow the passage of current through them.
Examples : Copper, aluminium or any metal.
Insulators are those materials which do not allow the passage of current through them.
Examples : Rubber, cloth, paper, dry sticks, etc.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 22

5. Name the sources of electricity in a torch. Draw a diagram showing the inner view of that
source.
Ans. Battery cells are the source of electricity in a torch.

Reflector

Bulb

Plastic case

Dry cells Slide switch

Fig. Inner view of a torch with battery cells

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 23

 13. Fun with Magnets

A. Tick (√) the correct answer :

Ans. 1.- (a) permanent magnets 2.- (c) always exist separately
3.- (d) maximum at both the poles 4.- (d) non of these 5.- (b) iron.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. attract 2. maximum 3. repel 4. pole 5. electric current.
C. Write one word answers :
Ans. 1. two 2. magnetic 3. yes 4. two 5. poles.
D. State whether True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. False 6. False.
E. Write short answers :
1. What are the natural magnets?
Ans. Naturally occurring magnetic rock, named as magnetite or lodestones, are known as natural
magnets. In ancient Greece, for the first time it was discovered by a shepherd named Magnes.
2. What will happen if we break a magnet into two pieces.
Ans. If we cut (break) a magnet into pieces, the newly cut faces will become the new north or
south poles of the smaller pieces.
3. Do opposite poles of a magnate attract or repel each other?
Ans. Opposite poles of a magnet attract each other.
4. Write any two properties of a magnet
Ans. The two properties of a magnet are :
(i) A magnet has two poles : North pole and South pole.
(ii) Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.
5. What is the name of a naturally occurring magnet?
Ans. The name of a naturally occurring magnet is magnetite, later on lodestone.
F. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. Distinguish between natural and artificial magnets.
Ans. Natural magnets Artificial magnets
Lodestone was the Artificial magnets are those
magnet found occurring magnets which have been
naturally in the earth’s imparted the properties
crust. It was called of a magnet by artificial
magnetite. Lodestone means. Depending upon
means ‘leading stone’. their uses, they are made into
It helped people find different shapes and size.
their way on land and sea. A substance called ferrite is
sometimes used to make
artificial magnets.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 24

 2. Give three uses of magnets.
Ans. (i) Magnets are used in making magnetic stickers, magnetic campass, refrigerator doors.
(ii) Magnets are used in audio and video tapes, speakers, microphones, computers, etc.
(iii) Electromagnets are used to lift heavy loads in warehouse, in door bells, electric motors,
generators, television sets, etc.
3. How many poles does a magnet have? What are they called?
Ans. A magnet has two poles. They are called as North pole and South pole. The magnetic force
is maximum at poles.
4. Under what conditions magnets lose their magnetic property?
Ans. Magnets lose their magnetic property under the following conditions :
(i) If they are hammered or dropped.
(ii) If they are heated strongly.
(iii) If they are not stored properly.
5. How should magnets be stored?
Ans. Magnets should be stored properly so that they do not lose their property. They should be
stored as the following ways:
(i) Magnets should be stored in magnetic keepers. Magnetic keeper are made of simple
pieces of soft iron.
(ii) They are kept in contact with the opposite poles of a pair of bar magnets or across the
poles of a horseshoe magnet. They help to preserve the magnetic lines of force.

S
Horse-shoe Magnet

Keeper

Keeper

Fig. Ways to store magnets safety

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 25

 14. Water
A. Tick (√) the correct answer :
Ans. 1.- (a) soluble salts 2.- (c) about three-forth
3.- (c) transpiration 4.- (d) water harvesting 5.- (b) ocean.
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. Rain 2. evaporation 3. more 4. excessive use 5. draught.
C. State whether True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True 6. True.
D. Give one word answers :
Ans. 1. Hydroelectricity 2. Transpiration 3. Water cycle 4. Water harvesting
5. Draught.
E. Write short answers :
1. Name the three states of water
Ans. (i) Solid state (ii) Liquid state and (iii) Gaseous state.
2. What do you mean by the ‘water cycle’?
Ans. The continuous circulation of water in the nature is called ‘water cycle’.
3. How are natural springs of water formed?
Ans. Some rainwater seeps through the soil and gets collected above the layer of impervious
rocks. This forms a sort of large water body under the ground. This is groundwater.
When groundwater comes out with pressure through an opening on the earth’s surface, it
forms a natural spring.
4. Give any three important uses of water.
Ans. (i) It is used for drinking and cooking food.
(ii) It is used in industries.
(iii) It is used in irrigation of crops.
5. Why do we need to conserve water?
Ans. Availability of usable water is decreasing day-by-day due to its ever increasing demand. It
is leading to shortage of water. That is why, we need to conserve water.
6. Name the two processes by which water enters the air.
Ans. 1. By evaporation of surface water of the water-bodies.
2. By transpiration in plants.
F. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. Why is water essential to us? Give four ways.
Ans. Water is essential to us because :
(i) It regulates our body temperature.
(ii) It moistens our organ-tissus, as-- eyes, nose and mouth.
(iii) It protects our body-organ and tissues.
(iv) It carries nutrients and oxygen to our body cells.
(v) It helps in digestion and excretion.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 26

 2. How does heavy/excessive rain harm us?
Ans. Heavy rain harms us as :
(i) A rise of water level in dams, river, lakes, etc.
(ii) Waterlogging and floods.
(iii) Floods cause damage to property, crops and animals.
(iv) It leads to scarcity of food and fodder for humans and animals respectively.
3. How does the failure of rainfall affect people on the earth?
Ans. The failure of rainfall affect by causing the following :
(i) The soil becomes dry and crops do not grow. It leads to scarcity of food and fodder for
humans animals respectively.
(ii) Water level in rivers, lakes, dames, etc. may fall, ponds and canals may even dry up.
(iii) The groundwater level falls.
4. Why does drought occur?
Ans. If there is no rain for a long period or for many years, there is scarcity of water in that
region. In this way drought occur.
5. What is rainwater harvesting?
Ans. Rainwater harvesting is the collection of rainwater and storing for future use. In this system
rainwater is collected from the rooftops by means of pipes into storage tank for later use.
6. How can you conserve water?
Ans. We can conserve water by the following four ways:
(i) We use only the required quantity of water.
(ii) Trees and forests help in causing rainfall. So to conserve water, we should plant more
and more trees.
(iii) By collecting rainwater in tanks, ponds or by constructing checkdams.
(iv) We collect rainwater from rooftops by means of pipes into storage tank for later use.

15. Air Around Us

A. Tick (√) the correct answer :
Ans. 1.- (d) 0.03% 2.- (c) Carbondioxide 3.- (d) all of these
4.- (a) dolphin 5.- (b) respiration.
B. Fill up the blanks :
Ans. 1. dissolved 2. phototsynthesis 3. air 4. absence 5. carbondioxide.
C. Give one word answers :
Ans. 3. atmosphere 2. nitrogen gas 3. nitrogen 4. respiration 5. True
6. oxygen, carbondioxide 7. True 8. carbondioxide gas 9. gills
10. True 11. oxygen.
D. State whether True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. True
7. True 8. True 9. True.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 27

E. Write short answers :
1. Which gas turns lime water milky?
Ans. Carbondioxide gas turns lime water milky.
2. Name two major constitutents of air.
Ans. Nitrogen and oxygen gases are the two major constituents of air.
3. How is compressed air useful in the tyres of automobiles?
Ans. The compressed air is useful in the tyres of automobiles because-- It provides the necessary
force to keep the wheel in circular shape, reduces friction and shocks from the roads and
also reduces the tyres to get punctured.
4. Name two variable components of air.
Ans. Water vapour and dust particles.
5. Which gas is given out during photosynthesis?
Ans. Oxygen gas
6. Which is the chief gas of the atmosphere?
Ans. Nitrogen gass.
F. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. How will you show that air contains water vapour?
Ans. To show that air contains water vapour, we take a glass of water and add few ice-cubes in
it. Let it stand for some time at room temperature. After a few minutes we see small drops
of water on the outer surface of the glass. This is because of the water vapour present in
the air that condenses on the cold surface of the glass and forms these drops of water.
2. Give four ways in which air is useful to us.
Ans. Following are the four ways in which air in useful to us.
(i) Air acts as a medium of communication. We can hear each other’s voice only because
of the presence of air. We also breathe-in air.
(ii) The compressed air is filled in tubes, balloons, tyres and pillows. The air-filled tyres
make transport easy and smooth.
(iii) Air evaporates sweat during summer and gives cooling effect to our body.
(iv) We dry wet clothes out in the open. Moving air evaporates water and dries clothes
faster.
3. Write a short note on the ‘balance of oxygen and carbondioxide in nature’.
Ans. The oxygen and carbondioxide gases are present in the air in a fixed volume. They always
remain in a fixed quantity. The oxygen in air is used by the organisms living on the earth
for their respiration. During respiration carbondioxide gas is released in air. But green
plants during photosynthesis use carbondioxide gas of air for preparing food and they
release oxygen gas in the air. In this way the balance of oxygen and carbondioxide gas in
air is maintained.
4. Explain with an activity that plants give out oxygen.
Ans. To show that plants give out oxygen following steps need to do:
 We place a few branches of water-plant (Hydrilla) in a beaker containing pond-
water.
 We cover the plant with short stemmed funnel.
 Then we invert a test-tube full of water and cvoer the stem of the funnel. While
Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 28
 placing the test-tube, we ensrue that the levels
of the water in beaker is above the stem of Oxygen gas
Water level
funnel.
 Now the apparatus is left in the sunlight for Water level
few hours. Bubble
After few hours, we see that bubbles of gas form Test-tube
and get collected in the test-tube. It is seen that Beaker
a glowing splinter bursts into the flame. It
shows the presence of oxygen. Formation of Funnel
gas bubbles proves that oxygen is produced by Hydrilla plant
the green plants (during photosynthesis).

Fig. Experiment to show that O

5. Write briefly about the composition of air. 2
is evolved during photosynthesis
Ans. Air is a mixture of gases. The major constituents of air are nitrogen, oxygen, carbondioxide
and argon. The percentage composition of constituents of air are as given below :
Nitrogen gas 78.1% Utilized by plants
Oxygen gas 20.9% Utilized by living organisms
Carbondioxide gas 0.03% Utilized by plants
Argon 0.9%
Other components of air are water vapour and dust particles.

16. Garbage In, Garbage Out

A. Tick (√) the correct answer :
Ans. 1.- (a) peeling of fruits 2.- (c) plastic 3.- (a) friend
4.- (c) carbondioxide 5.- (c) both (a) and (b).
B. Fill in the blanks :
Ans. 1. Fruit peels, leftover food 2. nonbiodegradable
3. garbage 4. plastic items and polythene bags
5. nonbiodegradable.
C. State whether True (T) or False (F) :
Ans. 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True.
D. Write one word for the following :
Ans. 3. Garbage 2. Composting 3. Recycling 4. Landfill 5. Biogas
E. Write short answers :
1. Name three types of waste :
Ans. (i) Cowdung (ii) Kitchen waste (iii) Plastics
2. How is glass recycled
Ans. Glass is taken from the bin and taken to a glass treatment plant. The glass is sorted by
colour and washed to remove any impurities. It is then crushed and melted, then moulded
into new products such as bottles and jars.
3. Give two examples of biodegradable waste.
Ans. (i) Kitchen waste (fruit and vegetable peels)

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 29

 (ii) Waste from plants (leaves, branches, etc.)
4. Name some of the sources of domestic waste.
Ans. Sources of domestic waste includes food, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, yard
wastes, wood, glass, metals, ashes, electronics, batteries, oil, tyres, etc.
5. What types of materials are dumped on a landfull?
Ans. Nonbiodegradable materials are dumped on a landfill.
F. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. What is the landfill and what is its advantage to us?
Ans. A law-lying open area, which may be used to dump garbage is called landfill. It is
advantageous to us as once the landfill is completely full, it is converted to park or
playground. After the next 20 years or so, building can be constructed on it for our use.
2. Is it possible to reduce the problem relating to disposal of garbage?
Ans. Yes, it is possible to reduce the problem relating to disposal of garbage. We can reduce this
problem as follows :
(i) We should use those things that don’t produce wastes. We should minimise the use of
things that produce wastes.
(ii) If possible, we should have to reuse the things without throwing them.
(iii) The garbage should be thrown at proper places. It should not be thrown on streets, roads,
parks, etc.
(iv) The non-useful things should be disposed off at landfill areas.
(v) We should use the things by recycling.
3. State two harmful effects of over use of plastics.
Ans. (i) Plastics give out harmful gases upon heating or burning. These gases may cause many
health problems, including cancer in humans.
(ii) Some people often fill garbage in plastic bags and throw it away in open. When stray
animals look for food in these bags, they swallow plastic bags along with food. Some
times they die due to this.
(iii) The plastic bags thrown away carelessly on roads and other places get into drains and
the sewer system.
These plastic bags choke the drains. As a result dirty water spills on road. It causes
spread of bad smell and diseases.
4. What do you mean by recycling of waste?
Ans. Certain waste materials instead of dumping in the garbage can be segregated and used to
make new articles. This process is called recycling. For example : glass bottles, tumblers,
jars can be melted and recycled to make new articles. Other recycling materials are : metal
articles, polythene.
5. Why do we segregate wastes into two types?
Ans. We segregate wastes into two types as biodegradable and nonbiodegradable, because it
makes easy to dispose them.
Wastes that decompose in nature is biodegradable and which do not, is nonbiodegradable.
Biodegradable wastes are composting directly. Nonbiodegradable wastes can be dealt with
by land filling, reclying and reuse.

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook 30

Science for excellence 6 : A helpbook

Index

S.N. Description Page No.

1. Food : Where Does it Come From? 1
2. Components of Food 2
3. Fibre to Fabric 4
4. Sorting Materials into Groups 6
5. Separation of Substances 8
6. Change Around Us 10
7. Getting to know plants 10
8. Body Movements 12
9. The living organisms and Their surroundings 14
10. Motion and Measurement of Distance 16
11. Light, Shadow and Reflections 18
12. Electricity and Circuits 21
13. Fun with Magnets 24
14. Water 26
15. Air Around Us 27
16. Garbage In, Garbage Out 29