Assignment one
Part-One
1. What is the main difference between parametric and non-parametric test?
2. What are the general assumptions of parametric tests? And what are the methods used to
assess these assumptions?
3. List the types of parametric methods for comparison of group mean along with their non-
parametric counterparts
4. Describe under what conditions/assumptions each parametric test to be used for comparison
of group mean
5. What is the main difference between paired and independent samples?
6. Explain the purpose of paired data. In certain situations, what might be the advantage and
disadvantages of using paired samples rather than independent ones?
7. What is the rationale for using a pooled estimate of the variance in the two-sample t-test?
8. When you are testing the equality of several population means, what problems arise if you
attempt to perform all possible pairwise t-tests?
9. Describe about the three possible variables of interest in ANOVA model?
10. Describe the design of experimental study along with the choice of ANOVA model for
analysis of data obtained from each design.
11. What are the two measures of variation being compared in ANOVA model?
12. What are the properties of the F distribution?
13. Consider the F distribution with 3 and 30 degrees of freedom.
A. What proportion of the area under the curve lies to the right of F= 5.24?
B. What proportion of the area under the curve lies to the left of F= 2.92?
C. What value of F cuts off the upper 2.5% of the distribution?
D. What value of F cuts off the upper 0.1 %?
14. Describe the purpose of multiple comparisons and the choices for performing multiple
comparisons
Part-two
For each of the following exercises carry out the hypothesis testing procedures, for 5%
significance level. Perform the assessment of assumptions and calculation of the test statistics
using application software after entering the data given under each exercise using SPSS.
15. A study examined a sample of 16 subjects with open-angle glaucoma and unilateral
hemifield defects. Can we conclude that the mean age of the population from which the
sample may be presumed to have been drawn is not 60 years? The ages (years) of the
subjects are shown below
16. A crossover study was conducted to investigate whether oat bran cereal helps to lower serum
cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemia males. Fourteen such individuals were randomly
placed on a diet that included either oat bran or com flakes; after two weeks, their low-
density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were recorded. Each man was then switched to
the alternative diet. After a second two week period, the LDL cholesterol level of each
individual was again recorded. The data from this study are shown in the table below. Can
we conclude that there is a difference in the mean cholesterol level under the two
conditions?
17. Can we conclude that patients with primary hypertension (PH), on the average, have higher
total cholesterol levels than normotensive (NT) patients? In the following table are total
cholesterol measurements (mg/dl) for 133 PH patients and 41 NT patients. Can we conclude
that PH patients have, on average, higher total cholesterol levels than NT patients?
18. We want to examine data from a study conducted on osteopathic manipulation as a treatment
for chronic back pain. At the beginning of that study, there were actually 91 subjects
randomly assigned to one of three treatments: osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT),
sham manipulation (SHAM), or non-intervention (CONTROL). One important outcome
variable was the rating of back pain at the beginning of the study. The researchers wanted to
know if the treatment had essentially the same mean pain level at the start of the trial. The
results are displayed in the following table. The researchers used a visual analog scale from
0 to 10 cm where 10 indicated “worst pain possible.” Can we conclude, on the basis of these
data that, on the average, pain levels differ in the three treatment groups? If warranted, use
Tukey’s procedure to test for differences between individual pairs of sample means.