The chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" discusses numerous examples for various plant
structures and their modifications. Here are the categorized examples extracted from that
🌿 Examples from Morphology of Flowering Plants
chapter (pages 43-62):
Root System Examples
Root Type Examples
Tap Roots (Dicot) Mustard
Fibrous Roots (Monocot) Wheat
Adventitious Roots Grasses, Banyan tree, Monstera
Storage Roots (Tap Roots) Carrot, Turnip
Storage Roots (Adventitious Roots) Asparagus, Sweet Potato
Support Roots (Prop Roots) Banyan Tree
Support Roots (Stilt Roots) Maize, Sugarcane
Respiration Roots (Pneumatophores) Rhizophora
Stem Modification Examples
Modification Type Examples
Underground Stem for Storage/Perennation Potato, Ginger, Turmeric, Colocasia,
Zaminkand
Stem Tendrils (for Support) Gourds (Pumpkin, cucumber, watermelon,
round guard, bitter gourd etc.), Grapevine
Thorns (for Protection) Bougainvillea, Citrus
Photosynthetic (Flat stem - Phylloclade) Opuntia (Cactus)
Photosynthetic (Cylindrical stem - Euphorbia
Phylloclade)
Runner (for Vegetative Propagation) Grasses, Strawberry
Stolon (for Vegetative Propagation) Mint, Jasmine
Offset (in Aquatic Plants) Pistia, Eichhornia (water hyacinth)
Sucker Pineapple, Chrysanthemum, Banana
Leaf Structure and Arrangement Examples
Concept Examples
Stipulate Leaf (with Stipules) Pea
Sheathing Leaf Base (Monocot) Monocots
Pulvinus (Swollen Leaf Base) Leguminous plants like pea or pulses
Reticulate Venation (Dicot) Dicots
Parallel Venation (Monocot) Monocots
Pinnately Compound Leaf Neem
Palmately Compound Leaf Silk cotton
Alternate Phyllotaxy Chinarose, Sunflower, Mustard
Opposite Phyllotaxy Guava, Calotropis
Whorled Phyllotaxy Alstonia
Concept Examples
Leaf Tendril (for Support) Pea
Leaf Spines (for Defense/Water loss Cactus
reduction)
Fleshy Leaves for Storage Onion, Garlic
Insect-Catching Leaves Pitcher of Pitcher plant, trap of Venus fly trap
Petiole modified into Leaf-like structure Australian acacia
(Phyllode)
Flower/Inflorescence/Symmetry/Placentation Examples
Floral Feature Examples
Racemose Inflorescence Fabaceae
Cymose Inflorescence Solanaceae, Liliaceae
Actinomorphic (Radial) Symmetry Mustard, Datura, Chilli
Zygomorphic (Bilateral) Symmetry Pea, Bean, Gulmohar, Cassia
Asymmetrical Flower Canna
Hypogynous (Superior Ovary) Mustard, Brinjal, Chinarose
Perigynous (Half Inferior Ovary) Peach, Plum, Rose
Epigynous (Inferior Ovary) Guava, Ray florets of Sunflower, Cucumber
Valvate Aestivation Calotropis
Twisted Aestivation Cotton, Chinarose, Lady finger
Imbricate Aestivation Cassia, Gulmohar
Vexillary Aestivation Pea, Bean (Family Fabaceae/Papilionaceae)
Epipetalous Stamen (Attached to Petal) Brinjal
Epiphyllous/Epitepalous Stamen (Attached Lily
to Perianth)
Monoadelphous Androecium China-rose
Diadelphous Androecium Pea
Polyadelphous Androecium Citrus
Apocarpous Gynoecium (Free Pistils) Not explicitly named, but concept is described
Syncarpous Gynoecium (Fused Pistils) Mustard, Tomato
Marginal Placentation Pea
Axile Placentation China-rose, Tomato, Lemon
Parietal Placentation Mustard, Argemone
Free-Central Placentation Dianthus, Primrose
Basal Placentation Sunflower, Marigold
Fruit and Seed Examples
Feature Examples
Drupe Fruit (Pericarp divided into 3 layers) Mango, Coconut
Albuminous/Endospermous Seed Castor (dicot), most monocots
Non-albuminous/Non-endospermous Seed Most dicots (Pea, gram, bean), Orchid
(monocot)
Monocot Seed (Cereal Type) Maize (seed coat fused with fruit wall)
Plant Family Examples
Family Specific Examples Listed
Brassicaceae/Cruciferae Mustard, Radish, Turnip, Rai, Candytuft
Fabaceae/Papilionaceae Ornamental: Lupin, Sweet pea. Medicine:
Mulaithi. Fiber: Sesbania, Sunhemp. Fodder:
Trifolium. Dye: Indigofera. Pulses: Gram,
Arhar, Sem, Moong, Soyabean. Oil: Soyabean,
Groundnut
Solanaceae/Potato Family Medicine: Belladona, Ashwagandha.
Fumigatory: Tobacco. Ornamental: Petunia.
Vegetables (spice): Potato, Tomato, Brinjal,
Chilli
Malvaceae Hibiscus (chinarose), Cotton, Bhindi,
Chorchorus (white jute), Balsa wood, Pavonia
Asteraceae/Compositae Garden lettuce, Sunflower, Gendha, Bhringraj,
Artemisia
Poaceae/Graminae Cynodon (doobgrass), Oat/Jai, Bajra, Wheat,
Jawar, Maize, Rice, Barley, Moonj, Lemon
grass, Sugarcane
Would you like me to look up any specific plant example from these tables in another part of the
book, such as "Anatomy of Flowering Plants" or "The Living World"?