CAUSES OF PROCASTINATION AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDEN IN
ICHON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
A Research Proposal
Presented to the Senior High School Department
Ichon National Highschool
Ichon, Macrohon, Southern Leyte
In partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirement for
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
JOHN MARK CEQUIÑA
ARN GILDO
MARIA MAE MORALES
REYCA ORAIS
MARY CYRIL JUNE BECODO
RHEA ERALINO
JANE CANO
CHAPTER 1
THE STUDY AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background of the study
Procrastination is a common issue among students worldwide because academic demands
increase. Though often seen as simple laziness, studies connect it to serious mental problems.
These issues involve fear of failure together with lack of motivation plus low self-confidence
(Steel, 2007). Smartphones and then social media, as modern distractions, also globally contribute
to this habit for students. Perfectionism may also influence procrastination, in that students delay
tasks since they fear that their work cannot meet expectations set by themselves for others. This
delay cycle over time can harm academic performance also mental health and it causes guilt
anxiety and helplessness.
In the Philippines, senior high school students as a part of the K-12 curriculum do face
many academic and also personal challenges. Stress very often results from pressure to meet with
expectations in social obligations, schoolwork, and then family responsibilities, increasing
procrastination's overall likelihood (David, 2018). Many students are challenged by inadequate
study environments and lacking access to learning resources. Time management skills that are poor
also cause problems. Time available for academic tasks can sometimes be limited via cultural
factors such as strong family obligations along with community involvement. Therefore, Filipino
students may experience different procrastination levels when considering their environment,
available resources, and mental well-being because educators and parents should understand this
multidimensional issue.
At Ichon National High School, senior high school students procrastinate at length. Despite
increased stress, missed deadlines, and low grades many students still delay homework, projects,
or performance tasks. According to the Grade 12 STEM Students Distraction along with poor time
management in addition to lack of support are contributing factors to this behavior. However, each
student may be affected by these factors differently. Helping them to cope with the senior high
school life's demands requires a comprehension of these specific causes.
Thus, this study seeks to find what causes procrastination in lchon National High School
to develop related views and methods. It seeks in order to give a voice to all of the students'
experiences. It also acts like a helpful guide for teachers, parents, as well as school counselors in
developing support systems that promote better study habits and academic performance.
Statement of the problem
This study aims to address the causes of procrastination among senior high school
students in ichon national high school
1. What is the profile of your respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
2.2 Gender
1.3 Strand
2. What are the perceived causes of procrastination?
3. What is the extent of procrastination?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the causes perceive and extent of
procrastination?
5. What recommendations the research can propose based on the result of the stud
Theoretical Background
Steel's Temporal Motivation Theory (2007)
Steel developed a theory called Temporal Motivation Theory or (TMT) in (2007), that
provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the procrastination. Procrastination
happens when students have a low confidence in finishing a task because they see a little value in
it, they're get easily distracted or just feels laziness. This theory explains why many students
delay schoolwork's when they don't feel motivated or when social media is more tempting for
them. Steel's theory that called Temporal Motivation Theory or (TMT) are highly relevant to our
research study about "Procrastination among senior high school students in Ichon National High
School Students, us it helps to easily identify the factors such as low expectancy of success,
perceived a lack of value in doing the schoolworks, high impulsiveness, and long delays before
the rewards, all of this are contributed to procrastination.
Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory (1997)
Bandura developed a theory called Self-Efficacy Theory in (1997) that points out that the
students who don't believe in their abilities are more likely to procrastinate. If they think that
they might fail in doing the schoolwork, they tend to delay starting their tasks. Bandura's theory
also shows that procrastination is not only about being lazy. It is caused by the mix of personal
confidence, motivation, environment, and also outside pressure that the students always
encountered. This theory will help us in understanding why Ichon National High School students
procrastinate on their assigned tasks. Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory (1997) is highly relevant to
the study "Procrastination among Senior High School Students in Ichon National High School
Students S.Y. (2025-2026)" because it can help us to understand the students whenever they
procrastinate on their assigned tasks or schoolwork, and also it can help us to identify the factors,
like a low expectancy of being successful, and so on. All of this contributes to our research topic
about procrastination.
Conceptual framework
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study This framework illustrates how various causes
such as fear of failure, low motivation, poor self-confidence, and distractions (social media) may
lead to negative effects like stress, anxiety, and poor academic performance among senior high
school students. The relationship between the causes and effects is influenced by the intervening
variable, procrastination, which serves as the key factor linking the causes to the outcomes.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
-Fear of failure DEPENDENT VARIABLE
-Low motivation -Poor academic
performance
-Poor self confidence
-Stress
-Distraction (social media)
-Anxiety
PROCRASTONATION
Statement of the Hypothesis
There is no significant level of procrastination among senior high school students in
Ichon National high school
Research Flowchart
Research flowchart showing the Input-Process-Output (IPO) framework of the study on
the causes of procrastination among senior high school students at Ichon national High School,
Macrohon So. Leyte.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Demographic and •Research design •Identified key causes of
Academic Profile of selection procrastination.
students
•Choosing sample size •High anxiety and low
•Age and participants self-esteem linked to
procrastination.
•Gender •Data collations and
organization •Perfectionism leads to
•Grade level/Strand
fear of Failure and task
•Qualitative analysis
•GPA, Study Hours avoidance
(thematic coding)
Possible Cause to •Time management and
•Interpretation and
Examine distractions as behavioral
validation of Findings
factors.
•Perfectionism
Recommendations:
•Anxiety
•Time management
Related theories
workshops and
•temporal motivation counseling support.
Theory
•Parent and teacher
•Self-Regulation Theory involvement strategies.
The research integrates key information relevant to the inquiry. This includes the
participants' learning styles, observed patterns of procrastination, underlying factors contributing
to procrastination, and established frameworks that support the investigation. These elements
provide a holistic view of the study.
The approach details the processes involved in carrying out the research, beginning with
the determination of the research design, followed by the collection of required data
Scope and Delimitation
This study focuses on identifying and analyzing the causes of procrastination among Senior
High School students in Ichon National High School. The study aims to know the level of
procrastination on students in Ichon National High School. Additionally, the present study will
only focus on SHS student and will be only conducted this school year :2025-2026.
Significance of the Study
The result of this study will give appropriate information necessary for the following:
Students: this study will help students avoid procrastination since they will provide
information about the causes of procrastination among students so that they will become more
responsible in their academics.
Teachers: they could implement plans in helping the students to stop procrastination.
Equipped with scientific research thus they can treat this problem objectively.
Parents/guardians: could encourage the children to do preventive measures that could
extinguish procrastination. This would give them opportunity to help the children surpass the
problem that may affect their academic performance.
Future researchers: the conducted studies will help the future researcher understand and
elaborate studies in relation to procrastination. this study will serve as a source of information
about the causes of procrastination among student and their academic performance.
Definition of terms
For better understanding of the study the Following terms are defined on the context of this
research.
Procrastination - the act of delaying or postponing tasks or responsibilities despite knowing that
it may lead to negative consequences.
Lack of motivation – a state where an individual feels little or no drive to start or complete a task.
Fear of failure - an intense worry of not succeeding, which often prevents a person from trying or
pursuing their goals
Digital distractions - loss of focus on important tasks caused by excessive use of digital devices,
social media, or online activities.
Mental health – a person’s emotional, psychological, and social well-being that affects how they
think, feel, and behave in daily life.
Time management - the skill of organizing and planning how to divide time effectively between
tasks to maximize productivity.
Low self-confidence- a negative belief in one’s own abilities, leading to hesitation, doubt, or
avoidance of challenges.