Why cooling system
Heat energy produced by a spark ignition compression ignition. The
or
reach temperatures of up to 4500 F. If this
engines combustion chamber can
heat is not controlled, the engine will over heated and internal damage will
OCCur.
converted into actual power, while the
On the other hand about 30% of fuel is
harm to the engine parts.
rest 70% has to be disposed of without causing any to
the exhaust system, some 7% is lost
Among 70%, about 36% passes out of
another 27% is dissipated
internal friction and heating the lubricating oil, while
in the cooling system.
overheats. Therefore, there are many
An engine may fail if just one part
at suitably low
demands on a cooling system which keep all parts
temperature.
A cooling system protects an engine from damage by
transferring heat to the
is controlled with the help of the
atmosphere. A correct operating temperature
cooling system.
Necessity of cooling system
.Some heat is necessary for combustion, but the engine
generates too much heat. So need a cooling system to
carry off the excess heat from the enginhe.
Regulating or operating temperatures keeps the engine
at the best heat level for each operation. During starting
the engine must be warmed up faster. During peak
operations, the engine must be cooled (optimum
temperature).
Purpose of cooling system
for efficient
To maintain optimum temperature of engine
operation under all conditions.
.To dissipate surplus heat for protection of engine
components like cylinder, cylinder head,
piston, piston rings, and valves.
To maintain the lubricating property of oil inside engine.
To reduce the possibility of loss power due to pre- ignition,
detonation, valve burning.
To ensure the proper fuel combustion and prevents the
dilution of crankcase.
Types of cooling system
There are two types ofcooling system
Air cooling system
Water cooling system
Methods of water cooling
Open jacket or hopper method
Thermo siphon method
Forced circulation method
Air cooling system
Principle of air cooling-
>The cylinder of an air cooled engine has fins to increase
the area of contact of air for speedy
cooling
The cylinder is normally enclosed in a sheet metal
casing called cowling.
The fly wheel has blades projecting from its face, so that
it acts like a fan drawing air through a hole in the cowling
and directed it around the finned cylinder
>For maintenance of air cooled system, passage of air is
kept clean by removing grasses etc. by a stiff brush of
compressed air.
Air cooling system
Advantages of air cooled engine
[Link] is simple in design and construction
2. Water jackets. radiators water pump. thermostat, pipes
hoses are not required
3. It is more compact
4. Lighter in weight
Disadvantages of air cooled engine
1. There is uneven cooling of engine parts
2. Engine temperature is generally high during working period
Air cooling system
Engrne-driven fan
Olcoc'er
Ducting
Firs on block
and read
Air cooling single cylinder engine
Water cooling system
Open jacket or hopper method
>There is a hopper or jacket containing water which
surrounds the engine cylinder.
So long as the hopper contains water the
engine
continues to operate satisfactorily.
As soon as the water starts boiling it is replaced by cold
water.
The hopper is large enough to run for several hours
without refilling.
A drain plug is provided in a low accessible for
position
draining water as and when required.
Hopper system
Water cooling system
Thermo siphon method
I t consists of a radiator, water jacket, fan, temperature gauge and hose
connections.
The system is based on the principle that heated water which surrounds
the cylinder becomes lighter and it rises upwards in liquid column.
Hot water goes to the radiator where it passes through tubes
surrounded by air.
Circulation of water takes place due to the reason thatwater jacket and
radiator are connected at both sides i.e. at top and bottom.
A fan is driven with the help of a V belt to suck air through tubes of the
radiator unit, cooling radiator water.
The disadvantage of the system is that circulation of water is greatly
reduced by accumulation of scale or foreign matter in the passage and
consequently causing over heating of theengine
Thermosyphon system
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Forced circulation water cooling
system
The system consists of the following components
1. Water pump
2. Radiator
3. Fan
4 Water jacket
5. Thermostat valve
6. Temperature gauge
7 Hose pipe
Forced circulation water cooling system
Water pump
It is a centrifugal pump.
I t draws the cooled water from bottom of the radiator
and delivers it to the water jackets surrounding the
engine.
than
The rate of circulation of the pump should not less
0.15 litre/min.
Forced circulation water cooling system
Radiator
them
It mainly consists of an upper tank and lower tank and between
is a core.
The upper tank is connected to the water outlets from the engines
to the jacket inlet
jackets by a hose pipe and the lower tank is connect
through water pump by means of hose pipes.
When the water is flowing down through the radiator core, it is cooled
partially by the fan which blows air and partially by the air flow
developed by the forward motion of the vehicle.
It also provides a reservoir for enough liquid to operate the cooling
system.
Forced circulation wator cooling systom
Radiator
Forced circulation water cooling
system
Thermostat valve
The thermostat is a temperature sensitive orifice in
the
cooling system that opens and closes according to
engine temperature to regulate the flow of
coolant/waterlanti-freeze through the radiator and back
to the engine.
It consist of a main housing, a plunger, style valve and
a temperature sensitive mercurylalcohol filled
plunger
that acts as a sensing and activating device with a
return spring. It does not open at below 74°C of engine
coolant temperature.
Forced circulation water cooling system
Thermostat valve
Sers d ataz
Pray s
Secondary dsc e
r e coong hemosiat
Doubie-vavea
pressure-elease capP thermostat (regulätes flow of water
pump (circulates water through
/ jacket to cool cyhnders)
fan (draws in air
through radiator
to cool water)
arflow
dran cock.
overflow pipe
cylnders 2010 Eneyclopedia Eritannica, he
Working principle of Forced circulation
water coolingsystem_
Condition-1 When temperature of water beld
Thermostat
valve
74
By-Pass
Water line Radiator
jacket
Water pump
Forced circulation water cooling system
Thermostat valve
Therefore, coolants go to pump through a bypass line and
finally go to engine's water jacket. When the temperature of
coolant is above 740C but below 80°C, thermostat valve open
partially
Some coolants go to pump through the bypass line and
finallyat
go engine's water jacket.
Rests of the coolants go to radiator
through upper hose pipe.
Thermostat valve open fully. when the temperature of
coolants is above 80°C.
All coolants go to the radiator
the
through upper hose pipe. Thus
engine at
specific temperatures to
runs
optimize the
performance and emissions levels of the vehicle.
Differences between air cooling and water
cooling engines
Based on Air cooling engine
Water cooling engine
Cooling media Air Water, water+ antifreeze, water+ anti
rust
Identification Fins are present around cylinder Coolant/ water jacket are available|
characteristics/c block and cylinder head. around cylinder and valves. Radiator,
onstruction
lower hose pipe, water pump, fan|
thermostat valve and upper hose pipe
are available.
Performance Comparatively low Comparatively high
Engine type Small single cylinder engine and All multi cylinder engines.
aircraft
Cost of engine Comparatively low
Comparatively high
Weight of Comparatively low Comparatively high
engine