IP ROUTING

1. Which of the following statements are true regarding the command ip route [Link]
[Link] [Link]?
1. The command is used to establish a static route.
2. The default administrative distance is used.
3. The command is used to configure the default route.
4. The subnet mask for the source address is [Link].
A. 1 and 2

B. 2 and 4

C. 3 and 4

D. All of the above

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Although answer D almost seems right, it is not; the mask is the mask used on the remote
network, not the source network. Since there is no number at the end of the static route, it is
using the default administrative distance of 1.

2. Which command displays RIP routing updates?

A. show ip route

B. debug ip rip

C. show protocols

D. debug ip route
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The debug ip rip command is used to show the Internet Protocol (IP) Routing Information
Protocol (RIP) updates being sent and received on the router.

3. Which statement is true regarding classless routing protocols?

1. The use of discontiguous networks is not allowed.
2. The use of variable length subnet masks is permitted.
3. RIPv1 is a classless routing protocol.
4. IGRP supports classless routing within the same autonomous system.
5. RIPv2 supports classless routing.
A. 1, 3 and 5

B. 3 and 4
 C. 2 and 5

D. None of the above

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Classful routing means that all hosts in the internetwork use the same mask. Classless routing
means that you can use Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) and can also support
discontiguous networking.

4. You have the following routing table. Which of the following networks will not be placed in the
neighbor routing table?
R [Link]/24 [120/1] via [Link], 00:00:12, Serial0
C [Link]/24 is directly connected, Serial0
[Link]/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C [Link] is directly connected, Loopback0
R [Link]/24 [120/1] via [Link], 00:00:12, Serial0
R [Link]/8 [120/15] via [Link], 00:00:07, Serial0
C [Link]/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

A. [Link]

B. [Link]

C. [Link]

D. All of them will be placed in the neighbor routing table.

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The network [Link] cannot be placed in the next router's routing table because it already is at
15 hops. One more hop would make the route 16 hops, and that is not valid in RIP networking.

5. What is split horizon?

Information about a route should not be sent back in the direction from which the original
A.
update came.

B. It splits the traffic when you have a large bus (horizon) physical network.

C. It holds the regular updates from broadcasting to a downed link.

D. It prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that has gone down.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A split horizon will not advertise a route back to the same router it learned the route from.

6. What command is used to stop RIP routing updates from exiting out an interface but still allow
the interface to receive RIP route updates?
A. Router(config-if)# no routing
 B. Router(config-if)# passive-interface

C. Router(config-router)# passive-interface s0

D. Router(config-router)# no routing updates

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The (config-router)#passive-interface command stops updates from being sent out
an interface, but route updates are still received.

7. Two connected routers are configured with RIP routing. What will be the result when a router
receives a routing update that contains a higher-cost path to a network already in its routing
table?
A. The updated information will be added to the existing routing table.

B. The update will be ignored and no further action will occur.

C. The updated information will replace the existing routing table entry.

The existing routing table entry will be deleted from the routing table and all routers will
D.
exchange routing updates to reach convergence.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
When a routing update is received by a router, the router first checks the administrative distance
(AD) and always chooses the route with the lowest AD. However, if two routes are received and
they both have the same AD, then the router will choose the one route with the lowest metrics,
or in RIP's case, hop count.

8. You type debug ip rip on your router console and see that [Link] is being advertised to
you with a metric of 16. What does this mean?
A. The route is 16 hops away.

B. The route has a delay of 16 microseconds.

C. The route is inaccessible.

D. The route is queued at 16 messages a second.

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
You cannot have 16 hops on a RIP network by default. If you receive a route advertised with a
metric of 16, this means it is inaccessible.

9. The Corporate router receives an IP packet with a source IP address of [Link] and a
destination address of [Link]. Looking at the output from the Corporate router, what will
the router do with this packet?
Corp#sh ip route
[output cut]
R [Link] [120/2] via [Link], 00:00:23, Serial0/0
 R [Link] [120/1] via [Link], 00:00:23, Serial0/0
R [Link] [120/1] via [Link], 00:00:23, Serial0/0
C [Link] is directly connected, Serial0/0
C [Link] is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

A. The packet will be discarded.

B. The packet will be routed out the S0/0 interface.

C. The router will broadcast looking for the destination.

D. The packet will be routed out the Fa0/0 interface.

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since the routing table shows no route to the [Link] network, the router will discard the
packet and send an ICMP destination unreachable message out interface FastEthernet 0/0,
which is the source LAN where the packet originated from.

10. If your routing table has a static, a RIP, and an IGRP route to the same network, which route will
be used to route packets by default?
A. Any available route

B. RIP route

C. Static route

D. IGRP route

E. They will all load-balance.

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Static routes have an administrative distance of 1 by default. Unless you change this, a static
route will always be used over any other found route. IGRP has an administrative distance of
100, and RIP has an administrative distance of 120, by default.
What is route poisoning?
It sends back the protocol received from a router as a poison pill, which stops the regular
A.
updates.

B. It is information received from a router that can't be sent back to the originating router.

C. It prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that has just come up.

D. It describes when a router sets the metric for a downed link to infinity.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Another way to avoid problems caused by inconsistent updates and to stop network loops is
route poisoning. When a network goes down, the distance-vector routing protocol initiates route
poisoning by advertising the network with a metric of 16, or unreachable (sometimes referred to
as infinite).
12. Which of the following is true regarding RIPv2?
A. It has a lower administrative distance than RIPv1.

B. It converges faster than RIPv1.

C. It has the same timers as RIPv1.

D. It is harder to configure than RIPv1.

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
RIPv2 is pretty much just like RIPv1. It has the same administrative distance and timers and is
configured just like RIPv1.

13. A network administrator views the output from the show ip route command. A network that is
advertised by both RIP and IGRP appears in the routing table flagged as an IGRP route. Why is
the RIP route to this network not used in the routing table?
A. IGRP has a faster update timer.

B. IGRP has a lower administrative distance.

C. RIP has a higher metric value for that route.

D. The IGRP route has fewer hops.

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
RIP has an administrative distance (AD) of 120, while IGRP has an administrative distance of
100, so the router will discard any route with a higher AD than 100.

14. What does RIPv2 use to prevent routing loops?

1. CIDR
2. Split horizon
3. Authentication
4. Classless masking
5. Holddown timers
A. 1 and 3

B. 2, 3 and 5

C. 2 and 5

D. 3 and 4
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
RIPv2 uses the same timers and loop-avoidance schemes as RIPv1. Split horizon is used to
stop an update from being sent out the same interface it was received on. Holddown timers
allow time for a network to become stable in the case of a flapping link.
15. Which two of the following are true regarding the distance-vector and link-state routing
protocols?
1. Link state sends its complete routing table out all active interfaces on periodic time intervals.
2. Distance vector sends its complete routing table out all active interfaces on periodic time
intervals.
3. Link state sends updates containing the state of its own links to all routers in the internetwork.
4. Distance vector sends updates containing the state of its own links to all routers in the
internetwork.
A. 1 only

B. 3 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. None of the above

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The distance-vector routing protocol sends its complete routing table out all active interfaces at
periodic time intervals. Link-state routing protocols send updates containing the state of its own
links to all routers in the internetwork.

16. IGRP uses which of the following as default parameters for finding the best path to a remote
network?
1. Hop count
2. MTU
3. Cumulative interface delay
4. STP
5. Path bandwidth value
A. 1 and 3

B. 3 and 5

C. 2, 3 and 5

D. All of the above

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
IGRP uses bandwidth and delay of the line, by default, to determine the best path to a remote
network. Delay of the line can sometimes be called the cumulative interface delay.

17. Network [Link] was assigned to the Acme Company to connect to its ISP. The
administrator of Acme would like to configure one router with the commands to access the
 Internet. Which commands could be configured on the Gateway router to allow Internet access
to the entire network?
1. Gateway(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
2. Gateway(config)# router rip
3. Gateway(config-router)# network [Link]
4. Gateway(config-router)# network [Link] default
A. 1 only

B. 3 only

C. 1, 2 and 4

D. 1 and 4
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
There are actually three different ways to configure the same default route, but only two are
shown in the answer. First, you can set a default route with the [Link] [Link] mask and
then specify the next hop, as in option A. Or you can use [Link] [Link] and use the exit
interface instead of the next hop. Finally, you can use option D with the ip default-
network command.