BDwbU

web¨vm I mgv‡ek 6
f‚wgKv

cÖvPxb Kv‡ji †R¨vwZlxiv †mŠiRM‡Zi MÖn I b¶ÎivwRi Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© †KŠZznjx n‡qB web¨vm I mgv‡e‡ki aviYv
m„wó K‡ib| Gici cÂ`k kZvãxi †kl w`‡K Ô‡cwKIjx' web¨v‡mi mvaviY m~ÎwU D™¢veb K‡ib| MwY‡Z wewfbœ
†¶‡Î web¨vm I mgv‡ek Gi aviYvi we‡kl Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| GB BDwb‡U Avgiv web¨vm I mgv‡ek m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ
Ávb jv‡fi †Póv Ki‡ev|

D‡Ïk¨
GB BDwbU †k‡l Avcwb-
0 web¨vm I mgv‡e‡ki m~Î ev¯—e Rxe‡b cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡eb,
0 me¸‡jv wfbœ b‡n Giƒc wRwb‡mi web¨vm m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Ki‡eb,
0 m¤ú~iK mgv‡e‡ki m~‡Îi cÖ‡qvM I cÖgvY m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Ki‡eb|
[Link] †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 1 web¨vm I mgv‡e‡ki msÁv I aviYv

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-


web¨vm I mgv‡ek m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡eb|
web¨v‡mi g~jZË¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

msÁv t
g‡b Ki“b (l, m, n) wZbwU wfbœ A¶i| GLb wZbwU A¶i †_‡K `yBwU A¶i GK‡Î wb‡q mvRv‡bv hvq
(lm, ln, mn, nm, ml, nl) GB Qqfv‡e| Avevi wZbwU A¶i †_‡K wZbwU A¶i GKÎ wb‡q mvRv‡bv hvq
(lmn, lnm, mnl, mnl, nml, nlm) GB Qqfv‡e| myZivs cÖ_g †¶‡Î mvRv‡bv ev web¨vm msL¨v 6 Ges wØZxq †¶‡ÎI
mvRv‡bv ev web¨vm msL¨v 6| Zvn‡j web¨vm ev mvRv‡bv ej‡Z Avgiv eywS KZ¸‡jv wbw`©ó wRwbm †_‡K meKqwU ev
Gi †_‡K Kg msL¨K K‡qKwU GK‡Î wb‡q hZ cÖKv‡i mvR‡bv hvq ZZwU web¨vm| GB †¶‡Î Avgiv Dc‡ii web¨vm
`yBwU‡K 3P2 =6 Ges 3P3=6 cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk K‡i _vwK|

Avevi g‡b Ki“b (l, m, n) wZbwU wfbœ A¶i| GLb wZbwU A¶i †_‡K `yBwU A¶i GK‡Î wb‡q mgv‡ek ev `jMVb
Kiv hvq (lm, mn, nl) GB wZbfv‡e| wKš—z wZbwU A¶i †_‡K GK‡Î wZbwU wb‡q mgv‡ek ev `j MVb Kiv hvq
(lmn) GKfv‡e| myZivs mgv‡ek ev `j MVb ej‡Z Avgiv eywS KZ¸‡jv wbw`©ó wRwbm †_‡K meKqwU ev Gi †P‡q
Kg msL¨K K‡qKwU GK‡Î wb‡q hZ cÖKv‡i `jMVb ev mgv‡ek ˆZix Kiv hvq ZZwU mgv‡ek ev `jMVb|

Avgiv Dc‡ii `yBwU mgv‡ek‡K 3C2 = 3 Ges 3C3=1 cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk K‡i _vwK| mvaviYZt n msL¨K
wRwbm †_‡K r msL¨K wRwb‡mi web¨vm msL¨v‡K nPr Ges n msL¨K wRwbm †_‡K r msL¨K wRwb‡mi mgv‡ek
msL¨v‡K nCr cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq|

web¨v‡mi g~j ZË¡ t

hw` cÖ_g KvRwU x msL¨K wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z m¤úbœ Kiv nq Ges wØZxq KvRwU y msL¨K wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z m¤úbœ Kiv
nq, Z‡e KvR `yBwU GK‡Î †gvU x × y msL¨K c×wZ‡Z m¤úbœ n‡e|

D`vniY-1 t g‡b Ki“b A ¯’vb n‡Z B ¯’v‡b †h‡Z 3wU c_ Av‡Q Ges B ¯’vb n‡Z C ¯’v‡b †h‡Z 4wU c_ Av‡Q|
GLb GKRb †jvK B ¯’vb n‡q A ¯’vb †_‡K C ¯’v‡b KZ cÖKv‡i †h‡Z cv‡i?
mgvavbt †jvKwU A ¯’vb †_‡K B ¯’v‡b †h‡Z cv‡i 3 wU c‡_i †h †Kvb c‡_| Avevi B ¯’vb †_‡K C ¯’v‡b †h‡Z cv‡i
4 wU c‡_i †h‡Kvb c‡_| myZivs †jvKwU A ¯’vb †_‡K C ¯’v‡b †h‡Z cv‡i B ¯’vb n‡q 3×4 =12 fv‡e|

A C
B

BDwbU Qq c„ôv-114
 MwYZ 1g cÎ

cvV 2 me¸‡jv wfbœ wfbœ wRwb‡mi web¨vm

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 me¸‡jv wfbœ wfbœ wRwb‡mi web¨vm wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
n
Pr Gi gvb wbY©q t
mgvavb t
g‡b Ki“b n =20 Rb QvÎ Ges r =10 wU †Pqvi| GLb 20 Rb QvÎ, 10 wU †Pqv‡i wbæfv‡e em‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_‡g
Avgiv 10 wU †Pqv‡ii b¤^i w`‡q ivwL| †Pqvi bs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10| GLb 1 bs †Pqv‡i 20 Rb Qv‡Îi †h
†Kvb GKRb em‡Z cv‡i| myZivs 1 bs †PqviwU 20 fv‡M mvR‡bv hvq| 1 bs †PqviwU‡Z GKRb QvÎ emvi ci 2bs
†PqviwU‡Z 19 Rb Qv‡Îi †h †Kvb GKRb em‡Z cv‡i| GBfv‡e 2bs †PqviwU 19 fv‡e mvRv‡bv hvq| myZivs cÖ_g
`yBwU †Pqvi‡K mvRv‡bv hvq 20P2 = 20×19 fv‡e| cieZx©‡Z 3 bs †PqviwU‡K mvRv‡bv hvq 18 fv‡e| myZivs cÖ_g
wZbwU †Pqvi mvRv‡bv hvh 20P3=20×19×18 fv‡e| G‡¶‡Î j¶¨ Kiv hvq †Pqv‡ii msL¨v hZ, Drcv`‡Ki msL¨v
ZZ|
GLb g‡b Ki“b 20 Rb Qv‡Îi cwie‡Z© n Rb QvÎ Ges 10 wU †Pqv‡ii cwie‡Z© r wU †Pqvi| GKB c×wZ‡Z 1 bs
†PqviwU c~iY Kiv hvq n msL¨K fv‡e| 2 bs †PqviwU c~iY Kiv hvq (n–1) msL¨Kfv‡e| myZivs cÖ_g `yBwU †Pqvi
mvRv‡bv hvq nP2 = n(n–1) = n{n–(2–1)} fv‡e| GBfv‡e 3 bs †PqviwU (n–2) fv‡e mvRv‡bv hvq| AZGe cÖ_g
wZbwU †Pqvi mvRv‡bv hvq nP3 = n(n–1)(n–2) = n(n–1){n–(3–1)} fv‡e| GB wbq‡g AMÖmi n‡q Avgiv r msL¨K
†Pqvi mvRv‡Z cwi
nP = n(n–1)(n–2) - - - - - - - r msL¨K Drcv`K ch©š—|
r
= n(n–1)(n–2) - - - - - - {n–(r–1)} = n(n–)(n–2) - -- - (n–r+1) - - - - - (i)
Abywm×vš—-1 t (i) bs m~‡Î r = n ewm‡q, Avgiv cvB
nP = n(n–1)(n–2) - - - - - - (n–n+1) = n(n–1)(n–2) - - - - - 3.2.1
n
GLb n(n–1)(n–2) - - - - 3.2.1 †K n ev n ! cÖZxK Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| n ev n! †K Factorial n ev
†MŠwYK n ejv nq|
∴ nPn = n ev n !

Abywm×vš—-2 t Avgiv Rvwb, nP = n(n–1)(n–2) - - - - - - (n–r+1)

r
{n(n–1)(n–2) - - - - - - - - - - - (n–r+1)} n–r
=
n–r
n(n–1)(n–2) - - - - - (n–r+1) (n–r)- - - - 3.2.1 n
= =
n–r n–r
Abywm×vš—-3 t 0 Gi gvb wbY©q t
n n
Abywm×vš—- 2 G r = n ewm‡q, Avgiv cvB, nPn = n–n = 0
n n
ev, n = 0 ev, 0 = n = 1
D`vniY-1 t Equation kãwUi me¸‡jv A¶i GK‡Î wb‡q KZ¸‡jv kã ˆZix Kiv hvq|
mgvavbt Equation kãwU‡Z 4wU A¶i Av‡Q| GLb 4wU A¶‡ii meKqwU GK‡Î wb‡q †gvU web¨vm msL¨v n‡e 8P8
= 8 = [Link].[Link] = 40,320
D`vniY-2 t Courage kãwUi me¸‡jv A¶i e¨envi K‡i KZ¸‡jv kã MVb Kiv hvq|
mgvavb t Courage kãwU‡Z †gvU 7 wU A¶i Av‡Q| myZivs 7 wU A¶i GKmv‡_ wb‡q †gvU web¨vm msL¨v n‡e 7P7 =
7 = [Link].3.2.1 = 5040

&BDwbU Qq c„ôv-115
[Link] †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 3 me¸‡jv wfbœ bq Giƒc wRwb‡mi web¨vm

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 me¸‡jv wfbœ bq Giƒc wRwb‡mi web¨vm wbY©‡q `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|

me¸‡jv wfbœ bq GBiƒc wRwb‡mi web¨vm wbb©q

GLv‡b n msL¨K wRwb‡mi meKqwU GKev‡i wb‡q web¨vm wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e hvi p msL¨K wRwbm GK
iKg, q msL¨K wRwbm wØZxq iKg, r msL¨K wRwbm Z…Zxq iKg Ges evKx¸‡jv wfbœ wfbœ|
g‡b Ki“b GB‡¶‡Î †gvU web¨vm msL¨v x; GLb P msL¨K GKiKg wRwbm‡K hw` P msL¨K wfbœ wRwbm Øviv
e`jv‡bv nq, cÖwZ‡¶‡Î Avgiv P msL¨K b~Zb web¨vm cvIqv hv‡e| myZivs cÖ_g †¶‡Î Avgiv x×P msL¨K web¨vm
cvIqv hv‡e| Abyiƒcfv‡e, q msL¨K GK iKg wRwbm‡K hw` q msL¨K wfbœ wRwbm Øviv e`jv‡bv nq, Z‡e wØZxq
†¶‡Î q msL¨K b~Zb web¨vm cvIqv hv‡e| Kv‡RB wØZxq †¶‡Î †gvU x.p.q msL¨K web¨vm cvIqv hv‡e| Avevi
hw` r msL¨K GKiKg wRwbm‡K r msL¨K wfbœ wRwbm Øviv e`jv‡bv nq, Z‡e Z…Zxq †¶‡Î r msL¨K b~Zb web¨vm
cvIqv hv‡e| myZivs Z…Zxq †¶‡Î †gvU xp q r msL¨K web¨vm cvIqv hv‡e| GBfv‡e me¸‡jv n msL¨K wRwbmB
wfbœ nIqvq †gvU web¨vm msL¨v n‡e n.
∴ xp q r = n
∈n
ev, x = ∈p ∈q ∈r

D`vniY-1 t 'Dhaka' kãwUi eY©¸wj‡K GK‡Î wb‡q †gvU KZ cÖKvi web¨vm Kiv hvq?
mgvavbt Dhaka kãwUi †gvU 5wU e‡Y©i g‡a¨ 2 wU a Av‡Q| myZivs me¸‡jv eY© GK‡Î wb‡q web¨vm msL¨v n‡e =
∈5 [Link]
= 2 = 60
∈2

D`vniY-2 t Capital kãwUi eY©¸wj‡K GK‡Î wb‡q KZ cÖKv‡i mvRv‡bv hvq?

∈7
mgvavbt Capital kãwUi 7wU A¶‡ii g‡a¨ 2wU a Av‡Q| myZivs GB‡¶‡Î †gvU web¨vm msL¨v n‡e = ∈2
[Link].3.2.1
= 2 = 2520

D`vniY-3 t 'Permutation' kãwUi me¸‡jv A¶i GK‡Î wb‡q KZ¸‡jv kã MVb Kiv hv‡e wbY©q Ki“b ?
mgvavbt Permutation kãwU‡Z †gvU 11 wU A¶i Av‡Q| hvnvi g‡a¨ 2 wU t Av‡Q| myZivs wb‡Y©q kã msL¨v =
∈11
∈2
[Link].[Link].3.2.1
= 2.1
= 19958400

BDwbU Qq c„ôv-116
 MwYZ 1g cÎ

cvV 4 cybive„wËg~jK e¯—zi web¨vm

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 cybive„wËg~jK e¯—zi web¨vm wbY©‡q `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|
cybive„wËg~jK e¯—zi web¨vm
GLv‡b n msL¨K wRwbm †_‡K GKev‡i r msL¨K wRwbm wb‡q web¨vm wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b
cÖ‡Z¨KwU wRwbm r msL¨K evi ch©š— cybive„wË n‡Z cv‡i|
g‡b Ki“b, r msL¨K wRwb‡mi cÖ_g ¯’vbwU n cÖKv‡i c~iY Kivq ci, wØZxq ¯’vbwUI n cÖKv‡i c~iY Kiv hvq| AZGe
cÖ_g `yBwU ¯’vb n×n=n2 cÖKv‡i c~iY Kiv hvq| Abyiƒcfv‡e Z…Zxq ¯’vbwUI n msL¨K Dcv‡q c~iY Kiv hvq| myZivs
cÖ_g wZbwU ¯’vb n×n×n=n3 cÖKv‡i c~iY Kiv hvq| GB‡¶‡Î j¶ Kiv hvq †h, hZ¸‡jv ¯’vb c~iY Kiv nq, n Gi
m~PKI ZZ nq| GBfv‡e AMÖmi n‡q, Avgiv r msL¨K ¯’vb n×n×n×- - - - -×n=nr msL¨K Dcv‡q c~iY Ki‡Z cvwi|
AZGe, wb‡Y©q web¨vm msL¨v = nr

D`vniY-1 t 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K †h †Kvb msL¨vK evi wb‡q wZb As‡Ki KZ¸wj msL¨v MVb Kiv hvq?
mgvavbt GLv‡b 5wU As‡Ki Øviv 3wU ¯’vb c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b cÖwZwU AsK evievi e¨envi Kiv hv‡e| cÖ_g
¯’vbwU 5 fv‡e c~iY Kivi ci, wØZxq ¯’vbwUI 5 fv‡e c~iY Kiv hv‡e| myZivs cÖ_g `yBwU ¯’vb c~iY Kiv hv‡e
5×5=52 fv‡e| Avevi Z…Zxq ¯’vbwUI 5 fv‡e c~iY Kiv hvq| AZGe wZbwU ¯’vb c~iY Kiv hv‡e = 5×5×5 = 53=125
fv‡e|

web¨vm m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ mgm¨v I mgvavbt

D`vniY-1 t ¯^ieY©¸‡jv †KejgvÎ †Rvo ¯’v‡b †i‡L 'postage' kãwUi A¶i¸‡jv‡K KZfv‡e mvRv‡bv hvq wbY©q
Ki“b?
mgvavb t postage kãwU‡Z 3wU ¯^ieY© (o, a, e) Ges 4wU e¨ÄbeY© (p, s, t, g) Av‡Q| GLb 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 GB
mvZwU ¯’v‡bi g‡a¨ wZbwU †Rvo¯’vb (2, 4, 6) i‡q‡Q| myZivs wZbwU †Rvo¯’v‡b 3 wU ¯^ieY© †i‡L evKx 4 wU ¯’vb 4 wU
e¨ÄbeY© Øviv c~iY Kiv hvq 4p4 = 4 = [Link]=24 fv‡e| Ges 3 wU ¯^ieY© Øviv 3 wU †Rvo ¯’vb c~iY Kiv hvq 3p3
= 3 = 6 fv‡e| myZivs wb‡Y©q web¨vm msL¨v = 24×6 = 144

D`vniY-2 t 'Algebra' kãwUi eY©¸wj n‡Z cÖwZev‡i 3wU eY© wb‡q KZwU kã ˆZix Kiv hv‡e?
mgvavbt 'Algebra' kãwU‡Z `yBwU a mn †gvU mvZwU eY© Av‡Q| GLb `yBwU a Gi GKwU Ges evKx cuvPwU eY©mn (a,
l, g, e, b, r) †gvU QqwU eY© †_‡K wZbwU eY© GKmv‡_ wb‡q MwVZ k‡ãi msL¨v = 6p3 = 6.5.4 = 120 wU| Avevi `yBwU
3
a Ges evKx cuvPwUi †_‡K GKwU wb‡q MwVZ k‡ãi msL¨v {(a, a, l), (a, a, g), (a, a, e), (a, a, b) (a, a, r)} = 5× 2
= 5×3 =15 wU| myZivs †gvU kã msL¨v = 120+15 = 135.

D`vniY-3 t `yBRb S.S.C K¬v‡ki Qv·K cvkvcvwk bv ewm‡q 16 Rb S.S.C K¬v‡ki Ges 12 Rb H.S.C K¬v‡ki
Qv·K KZ cÖKv‡i GK jvB‡b emv‡bv hvq wbY©q Ki“b?
mgvavb t 12 Rb H..S.C Qv‡Îi gv‡S †gvU 13 wU ¯’vb Av‡Q| myZivs 16 Rb S.S.C Qv·K 13 wU ¯’v‡b emv‡bv hvq
16P fv‡e| GLb 12 wU ¯’v‡b 12 Rb H.S.C Qv·K emv‡bv hvq 12P =12 fv‡e| myZivs wb‡Y©q web¨vm msL¨v =
13 12
13× 12
16P

D`vniY-4 t 'Cambridge' kãwUi A¶i¸‡jv n‡Z cÖwZ ev‡i 5 wU wb‡q †gvU KZ¸‡jv wfbœ kã MVb Kiv hvq †hLv‡b
meKqwU ¯^ieY© eZ©gvb _vK‡e?

&BDwbU Qq c„ôv-117
[Link] †cÖvMÖvg

mgvavb t 'Cambridge' kãwU‡Z wZbwU ¯^ieY© (a, i,e) Ges QqwU e¨ÄbeY© (c, m, b, r, d, g) Av‡Q| GLb 5 wU ¯’v‡bi
3 wU ¯’vb wZbwU ¯^ieY© Øviv c~iY Kiv hvq 5P3 = 5.4.3=60 fv‡e| evKx 2 wU ¯’vb 6 wU e¨ÄbeY© Øviv c~iY Kiv hvq
6P = 6×5 = 30 fv‡e|
2
∴ †gvU kã msL¨v = 60×30 = 1800

Abykxjb Ki“b
1. wbæwjwLZ kãmg~‡ni A¶i¸‡jvi meKqwU‡K GKev‡i wb‡q KZ cÖKv‡i mvRv‡bv hvq wbY©q Ki“b t
(i) Television (ii) Mathematics,
(iii) Bangladesh.

2. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 AsK¸‡jvi GKwU‡KI cybive„wË bv K‡i 5000 Ges 6000 Gi ga¨eZx© KZ¸‡jv msL¨v MVb
Kiv hv‡e?
3. 'Laughter' kãwUi A¶i¸‡jv‡K KZ cÖKv‡i mvRv‡bv hv‡e †hLv‡b cÖ‡K¨KwU kã L Øviv Avi¤¢ n‡e|
4. ¯^ieY©¸‡jv‡K †Kej †Rvo ¯’v‡b †i‡L Equation kãwUi A¶i¸‡jv‡K KZ cÖKv‡i mvRv‡bv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|
5. 10 wU e‡ji g‡a¨ 8 wU jvj Ges 2 wU meyR| meyR ej `yBwU cvkvcvwk bv †i‡L ej¸‡jv‡K GK mvwi‡Z KZ
cÖKv‡i mvRv‡bv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|
6. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 AsK¸‡jv Øviv Qq Ask wewkó KZ¸‡jv msL¨v MVb Kiv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|
7. cÖ‡Z¨K AsK‡K cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vq †Kej GKevi e¨envi K‡i 6, 5, 2, 3, 0 Øviv cuvP-As‡Ki KZ¸‡jv we‡Rvo
msL¨v MVb Kiv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|

Abykxjbx-6.1

1. me¸‡jv A¶i †¶‡Î wb‡q Parallel kãwU‡K KZ cÖKv‡i mvRv‡bv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|
2. ¯^ieY©¸‡jv‡K KLbI cvkvcvwk bv †i‡L 'Triangle' kãwU‡K KZ iK‡g mvRv‡bv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|
3. 'Engineering' k‡ãi A¶i¸‡jv Øviv KZ¸‡jv wfbœ wfbœ kã MVb Kiv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|
4. `yBRb [Link] K¬v‡ki Qv·K cvkvcvwk bv ewm‡q 12 Rb H.S.C K¬v‡ki QvÎ Ges 6 Rb [Link] K¬v‡ki Qv·K
KZ fv‡e GK mvwi‡Z emv‡bv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|
5. wb‡æi kãmg~‡ni A¶i¸‡jvi me KqwU‡K GKev‡i wb‡q KZfv‡e mvRv‡bv hvq wbY©q Ki“bt
(i) Chittagong, (ii) Comilla (iii) Rajshahi (iv) Faridpur.

BDwbU Qq c„ôv-118
 MwYZ 1g cÎ

cvV 5 nC
r Gi gvb wbY©q
D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 nC
r Gi gvb wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
nC
r Gi gvb wbY©q t
wb‡æ web¨vm I mgv‡e‡ki cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Ki“b|
(i) g‡b Ki“b wZbwU wfbœ wRwbm (a, b, c) †_‡K `yBwU wRwbm GKmv‡_ wb‡q web¨vm ˆZix Kiv hvq (ab, ba, bc, cb,
ca, ac) 6 wU A_©vr 3P2 = 6.
wKš—z wZbwU wfbœ wRwbm (a, b, c) †_‡K `yBwU wRwbm GKmv‡_ wb‡q mgv‡ek ˆZix Kiv hvq (ab, bc, ca) 3 wU A_©vr
3C = 3.
2
GB `yBwU cÖZx‡Ki gvb mgvb Kiv hvq 3P2 = 6 = 3C2 × 2 fv‡e|

(ii) Avevi g‡b Ki“b wZbwU wfbœ wRwbm (a, b, c) †_‡K wZbwU wRwbm GKmv‡_ wb‡q web¨vm ˆZix Kiv hvq (abc,
acb, bca, bac, cab, cba) 6 wU A_©vr 3P3 = 6.
wKš—z wZbwU wfbœ wRwbm (a, b, c) †_‡K wZbwU wRwbm GKmv‡_ wb‡q mgv‡ek Kiv hvq (abc) 1 wU A_©vr 3C3 = 1. |
GB `yBwU cÖZx‡Ki gvb mgvb Kiv hvq 3P3 = 6 = 3C3 × 3 fv‡e|
myZivs mvaviYfv‡e Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi nPr = nCr × r

GB wbqgwU Avgiv wbæfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvwit

g‡b Ki“b, n msL¨K wfbœ wRwbm †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨Kevi r msL¨K wRwbm GKmv‡_ wb‡q mgv‡ek msL¨v n‡e nCr| wKš—z
cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡e‡k r msL¨K wfbœ wRwbm Av‡Q hv‡`i‡K wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ mvRv‡bv hvq r fv‡e| myZivs nCr msL¨K
mgv‡ek †_‡K nCr × r msL¨K web¨vm cvIqv hv‡e|
Avevi, n msL¨K wKš—z wRwbm †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨Kevi r msL¨K wRwbm wb‡q web¨vm msL¨v n‡e nPr.
∴ nCr × r = nPr
n
nP
n–r
r n
ev, nC =
r r
=
r
=
r n–r

Abywm×vš— 1 t n msL¨K wfbœ wRwbm †_‡K me¸‡jv GK‡Î wb‡q mgv‡ek msL¨v n‡e,
n n
nC =
n n n–n = n o = 1 [ Dc‡ii m~‡Î r = n ewm‡q ]

&BDwbU Qq c„ôv-119
[Link] †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 6 m¤ú~iK mgv‡ek (Complementary Cobination):

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 m¤úyiK mgv‡ek m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v mgvav‡b `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|

3 3.2
Avgiv Rvwb, 3C1 = 1 3–1 = 2.1 = 3

3 3.2
Avevi, 3C3–1 = 3C2 = 2 3–2 = 2 = 3
∴ 3C1 = 3C3–1
GLv‡b, 3C1 Ges 3C3–1 mgv‡ek `yBwU‡K ci¯úi m¤ú~iK mgv‡ek ejv nq|
n
myZivs nCr = r n–r Ges
nC n n
n–r = n–r n–n+r = r n–r
GB‡¶‡Î, nCr = nCn–r
myZivs nCr Ges nCn–r mgv‡ek `yBwU‡K ci¯úi m¤ú~iK mgv‡ek ejv nq|
cÖgvY Ki“b t nCr + nCr–1 = n+1Cr.
mgvavb t evgc¶ = nCr + nCr–1
n n
= +
r n–r r–1 n–r+1
n n ... r = rr–1 Ges n–r+1 = (n–r+1) n–r
= +
r r–1 n–r r–1 (n–r+1) n–r

n 1 1 
=  + 
r–1 n–r  r n–r+1

n n–r+1+r
= ×
r–1 n–r r(n–r+1)

(n+1) n
=
rr–1 (n–r+1) n–r

n+1 ... n+1 = (n+1)n

=
r n–r+1

= n+1Cr = Wvbc¶
D`vniY-1 t hw` nC6 = nC8 nq, Z‡e nC10 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q, nC6 = nC8
ev, nCn–6 = nC8 [ ∴ nC6 = nCn–6 ]
∴ n–6 = 8 or n =14
14
∴ nC10 = 14C10 = = 1001
10 14–10
D`vniY-2 t 14 wU evûwewkó GKwU mvgZwj‡K †¶‡Îi †KŠwYK we›`yi ms‡hvM †iLv Øviv KZ¸‡jv wÎfzR MVb Kiv
hv‡e? GB †¶‡Î mvgwZjK †¶‡Îi KZ¸‡jv KY© n‡e?
BDwbU Qq c„ôv-120
 MwYZ 1g cÎ

mgvavbt (i) 14 evû wewkó mvgZwjK †¶ÎwUi 14 wU we›`y Av‡Q| myZivs 14 wU we›`yi †h †Kvb wZbwU we›`yi ms‡hvM
14 14.13.12
†iLvi mvnv‡h¨ MwVZ wÎfz‡Ri msL¨v, 14C3 = 3 14–3 = 3.2.1 = 364

(ii) Avevi 14 wU we›`yi †h †Kvb `yBwU we›`y ms‡hvM K‡i MwVZ mij‡iLvq msL¨v n‡e
14C = 14 = 14.13 = 91 wU| Gi g‡a¨ 14 wU evû KY© bq| myZivs wb‡Y©q K‡Y©i msL¨v =91–14=77 wU|
2 2 12 2

D`vniY-3 t GKwU cÖ‡kœi `yBwU MÖ“‡c 5 wU K‡i †gvU 10 wU cÖkœ Av‡Q| GKRb cix¶v_x©‡K †gvU 6 wU cÖ‡kœi DËi
w`‡Z nB‡e GB k‡Z© †h †m †Kvb MÖ“c †_‡KB 4 wU cÖ‡kœi †ewk DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e bv| †m KZfv‡e cÖkœ¸‡jv evQvB
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t GKRb cix¶v_x© wbæfv‡e cÖkœ¸‡jv evQvB Ki‡Z cv‡ib -
A-group 5 wU cÖkœ B–group (5 wU cÖkœ)
(i) 4 2
(ii) 3 3
(iii) 2 4
5 5 5.4
(i) bs Gi †¶‡Î evQvB msL¨v = 5C4 × 5C2 = 4 1 × 2 3 = 5× 2 = 50
5.4.3
(ii) " " " = 5C3×5C3 = 6 × 5.2 = 100
(iii) " " " = 5C2 × 5C4 = 10×5 = 50
†gvU evQvB msL¨v = 50+100+50 = 200

D`vniY-4 t 3 wU k~b¨ c‡`i Rb¨ 12 Rb cÖv_x© Av‡Q| GKRb †fvUvi 3 wUi †ekx †fvU w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv| wZwb KZ
cÖKv‡i †fvU w`‡Z cvi‡eb?
mgvavb t g‡b Ki“b, †fvUvi 12 Rb cÖv_x©i g‡a¨ 1 Rb‡K ev 2 Rb‡K ev 3 Rb‡K †fvU w`‡Z cv‡ib| myZivs wb‡Y©q
†fvU †`qvi Dcvq-
= 12C1 + 12C2 + 12C3
12.11 12.11.10
= 12+ 2 + 6
= 12 + 66+220 = 298

D`vniY-5 t 3 Rb gwnjv mn 9 R‡bi g‡a¨ n‡Z 5 R‡bi GKwU KwgwU KZ iK‡g MVb Kiv hvq hv‡Z Aš—Zt c‡¶
GKRb gwnjv _vK‡e?
mgvavb t Avgiv wbæwjwLZfv‡e KwgwU MVb Ki‡Z cvwi-
gwnjv (3 Rb) Ab¨vb¨ (6 Rb)
(i) 1 4
(ii) 2 3
(iii) 3 2
6 6.5
(i) bs Gi †¶‡Î evQvB msL¨v = 3C1 × 6C4 = 3× 4 2 = 3× 2 = 45
3 6 6.5.4
(ii) " " " = 3C2 × 6C3 = × = 3× 6 = 60
2 1 3 3
6.5
(iii) " " " = 3C3 × 6C2 = 1× 2 = 15
†gvU KwgwUi msL¨v = 45+60+15 = 120

Abykxjb Ki“b
&BDwbU Qq c„ôv-121
[Link] †cÖvMÖvg

1. 6Rb f`ª‡jvK I 4 Rb gwnjv mgb¦‡q MwVZ GKwU cwil` †_‡K 5 Rb f`ª‡jvK I 2 Rb f`ª gwnjv mgb¦‡q
GKwU KwgwU KZ iK‡g MVb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?
2. wfbœ wfbœ 10 wU e¨ÄbeY© I 5 wU ¯^ieY© n‡Z cÖwZev‡i 3 wU e¨ÄbeY© I 2 wU ¯^ieY© wb‡q KZ¸‡jv kã MVb Kiv
hvq?
3. mvZwU mij †iLvq ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 1´´, 2´´, 3´´, 4´´, 5´´, 6´´, 7´´| Zv‡`i Øviv KZ¸‡jv PZzf©yR MVb Kiv hv‡e
wbY©q Ki“b|
4. GK e¨w³i 6 Rb eÜz Av‡Q| wZwb KZfv‡e GK ev GKvwaK eÜz‡K GKwU wWbv‡i `vIqvZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
5. cÖgvY Ki“b t nCr = n–2Cr +2.n–2Cr–1 + n–2Cr–2.

Abykxjbx-6.2

1. GKwU 10 fz‡Ri †KŠwYK we›`y¸‡jvi ms‡hvM †iLvi mvnv‡h¨ KZ¸‡jv wÎfzR MVb Kiv hv‡e wbY©q Ki“b|
2. 7 Rb weÁvb I 5 Rb gvbweK wefv‡Mi QvÎ †_‡K 6 R‡bi GKwU KwgwU MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| weÁv‡bi
Qv·`i‡K msL¨v MwiôZv w`‡q KZ cÖKv‡i KwgwU MVb Kiv hv‡e wbY©q Ki“b|
3. 'America' kãwUi eY©¸‡jv †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨Kevi 3 wU eY© wb‡q KZ¸‡jv kã MVb Kiv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|
4. `yBRb wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K me©`v eR©b K‡i 10 Rb e¨w³i ga¨ †_‡K 5 Rb‡K KZ cÖKv‡i evQvB Kiv hvq wbY©q
Ki“b|
5. 14‡L‡jvqv‡oi g‡a¨ 5 Rb ej Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges 2 Rb DB‡KU i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i| Aš—Zt GKRb DB‡KU
i¶K I wZbRb ejvi wb‡q KZ cÖKv‡i 11 R‡bi GKwU wµ‡KU `j MVb Kiv hvq wbY©q Ki“b|
6. GKwU †bŠKvi bvweK `‡j 12 Rb †jvK Av‡Q| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ 4 Rb †Kej GK cv‡k `vuo Uvb‡Z cv‡i Ges 4
Rb †Kej Aci cv‡k `uvo Uvb‡Z cv‡i| †bŠKvq Dfq cv‡k mgvb msL¨K bvweK w`‡q Zv‡`i‡K †gvU KZ
cÖKvi mvRv‡bv hv‡e wbY©q Ki“b|

BDwbU Qq c„ôv-122