I- [6 pts] Torsion Pendulum

1.a 1
V2 = = = 40 cm/s = 0.4 m/s.
1.b (graph) V(m/s) 1
0.8 
0.6 
0.4 
0.2 
t
0  2 3 4
1.c Since v = v(t) is represented by a straight line, then v = at with a the slope of the straight line 2
(also acceleration) ; with a = = = 4 m/s2.
But P = mv, then P = mat. Thus P = 0.2 t (SI)
1.d 2
According to Newton’s second law: , downward projection: = mg –F = ma
 F = mg – ma = m(g – a)  F= 0.05(10 – 4)  T = 0.3 N.
2 The wheel is subjected to its weight, the tension in the string and the reaction of the axis of 2
rotation.
 0 + 0 + F'R = I0 ; but a = =R  = 0.2/(0.10.05) = 40 rad/s2.
I0 = 0.30.1/40  I0 = 7.510-4 kgm2.
3.a The wheel is subjected in addition to the previous forces, to the tension of the spring with 2
= T0 = k.
At equilibrium, ; 0 + 0 – R + FR = 0  mgR = kR  = 0.0510/5 = 0.1 m
3.b.i x, abscissa of G, with respect to the equilibrium position. The horizontal plane passing through this 4
equilibrium position is the gravitational potential energy reference level. -C
MwheelgH + ½mv + ½I0 - mgx + ½C + ½k(+x) = constant  t.
2 2 2
 
Deriving with respect to time, we obtain: mR2 + I0 + C + kR2 = 0  t. F' F
 mR2 + I0 + C+ kR2 = 0  t.  + =0 x
Or : For an abscissa x of G: x = R and = R and the tension in the string becomes
with: = - = k(+x)  The differential equation in  ; m

: 0 + 0 - T'R + FR - C = I0 ; – k( + x)R + m(g – a)R - C = I0 ;

 I0 = mgR – maR – kR - kxR - C, with x = R et a = R ;
 I0 = - mR2 - kR2 - C.
ii The differential equation is of the form: +  = 0 ; 2

Then: =  T0 = 2 .

c 2
T0  2.95/4 = 0.74 s  0.742 =42 ; kR2 + C =

C = 72.09(7.510-4 + 0.0510-2) - 510-2 = 0.090-0.05 = 0.04 SI.

II- [7 pts] Analogy

A.1.a 1.5
We have E = uAC = uAB+uBC = L + ri + Ri  E = L + (r + R)i
A.1.b 2.5
For t0 = 0, i = 0  b = - a; i = a – a ; = E=L + (R + r)a – (R + r)a

Identifying: E = (R + r)a  a = et L = R + r   = ; and i = (1- ).

A.1.c 0.5
The expression of the current I 0 in steady state is I0 = .
A.2 From figure 2, the value of I0 is 5 mA (infinite time) and the value of the time-constant 2
 = 0.2 ms, because for t = , i = 0.63I0 = 3.15 mA this gives  = 0.2 ms.
A.3 From figure 2, I0 = 5 mA = E/(R+r)  E = 510-3(r+R) ; 2
From figure 3, I0 = 5 A = E/r  E = 5 r. . r + R = 1000 r  r = 1000/999  1
And E  5 V and L = (R+r)  0.2 H.
B.1 The surface of the circuit increases, therefore according to 1
Lenz law, Laplace’s force , is in the opposite direction to
the displacement of the rod; using the right hand rule, is
so vertically upwards.
B.2 According to the direction of i, is vertically downwards. At the 3.5
instant t, the magnetic flux of the field is:  = -BS = -B(y+d).
The induced emf:
e= = + B = Bv. uDC = 0 = Ri – e  i = = .
B.3 1
The magnitude of is: Fe = iBsin( )= B =

is in the opposite direction to , so =- .

B.4.a 2
According to Newton’s second law: + + + = ; Projecting along , we obtain:

F- = ; so F = P+ .
B.4.b Referring to part A, the solution is in the form: P = a' + b' . 2

For t = 0, v = 0, then b' = - a'.

In A: E = L + (r + R)I and a = and  = .

Then: a' = F/( ) and ' = 1/( ) ; so a' = and ' = .

B.4.c The limiting speed is reached for t  5' = 20 s  ' = 4 s. Plim = 0.12 = 0.2 kgm/s 3
R= = 0.090.014/(0.01) = 0.36 .
a' = Plim = 0.012 = 0.02 kgm/s = F'  F = a'/' = 0.02/4 = 0.005 N
III- [7 pts] A nuclear generator for a pacemaker
1 Conservation of the charge number: 1 + 92 = 93 + 2 z  z = 0 2
Conservation of mass number: 2 + 238 = 238 + 2 a  a = 1  is a neutron
Conservation of the charge number: 94 = Z + 2  z = 92,
Conservation of mass number: 238 = A + 4  A = 234  is a nucleus.
2 KE( ) + [m( ) + m( )-m( ) - 2m( )]c  0 
2 2.5
KE( )  [m( ) + 2m( ) - m( ) - m( )]c2
KE( ) [237.999791 + 21.008665 – 2.013552 – 238.000185]931.5 =
KE( ) 0.003384931.5 = 3.152 MeV
3.a It represents the energy released by --disintegration of neptunium 0.5
[Link] An energy is said to be quantized, when it takes only well defined values (discrete, 1
discontinuous,..)
[Link] The liberated energy is written: E = m2c2 = KE(-) + E( ) + E() = constant. Since E() is 1.5
quantized then the sum [E( ) + KE(-)] is quantized.
[Link] E( )can take any value …KE(-) then it is not quantized. 1
3.c 2
E(3) = E(2) - E(1)  = -  3 = 1.2610-12 m.
3.d KE(max) = E - E(3) = 1292.0 – 44.1 = 1247.9 keV 2
1247.91.60210-16 = 1.99910-13 J
(-1)9,110-3191016 = 1.99910-13 J  -1 = 2.441
 = 3.441  0.0844 =  = 0.156  = 0.9155  = 0.957;
v = 0.957c = 2.871108 m/s.
4.a The energy of the photon  : 2.5
E() = h = 6.62610-34 4.341017 = 2.87610-16 J .
Energy released by the reaction of disintegration: E3 = m3c2 = 0.006931.5 1.60210-13
E3 = 8.9510-13 J
KE() = E3 - E() = E3 because E() << E3  KE() = 8.9510-13 J.
4.b The maximum power Pm = A0E3. 1.5
A0 = 2.53.71010 = 9.251010 Bq; Pm = 9.2510108.9510-13 = 0.0828 W.
5.a The radioactive constant  = ln(2)/(87.8365243600) = 2.5010-10 s-1. 1
5.b A0 = N0  The initial number of nuclei: N0 = A0/ =9.2510 /2.510 10 -10 20
= 3.710 nuclei; 2
The initial mass: m0 = 3.710202381.6610-24 = 0.146 g.
5.c A = A0 e -t; 0.7 = e -t  ln(0.7) = -t  t = 45.18 years. 1.5
2010-1974 = 36 years (yes if there is no problem of circuit)