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Programme Name – [Link](CSE)

Course Name – Probability & Statistics
Course Code – BBS00014
(Semester – III)

Module II

PREPARED BY: Department of Mathematics

 Content
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1 Sample questions and solutions 3-25

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 Sample questions:

Multiple Type Questions:

Page1.| 3 Examine if A and B are mutually exclusive events , then
a. P(A∩B) =P(A).P(B) b. P(A∩B)=P(A)+P(B)
c. P(A∩B) =0 d. None of these.
2. A number is chosen at random among the first 120 natural numbers. Choose the correct option for the
probability of the number chosen being a multiple of 5 or 15.
a.1/5 b.1/8
c.1/16 d.1/9
3. Choose the correct option. Bag contain 10 back and 20 white balls, One ball is drawn at random.
calcuate the probability that ball is white
a)1 b)1/3
c)2/3 d) 0
4. Choose the correct option. A speaks truth in 75% of cases and B in 80% of cases. Calculate the
percentage of cases are they likely to contradict each other, narrating the same incident
a)25% b)35%
c)45% d)50%
5. Choose the correct option. From a pack of 52 cards, one card is drawn at random. Calculate the
probability of a face card drawn.
a)3/13 b)1/13
c)1/52 d)1/26
6. The formula for Bayes' Theorem is, choose the correct option
a) P(A|B) = P(B|A) * P(A) / P(B) b) P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B) / P(A ∩ B)
c) P(A|B) = P(B|A) * P(A) / P(B|A) + P(B|A) * d) P(A|B) = P(B|A) * P(A) + P(B|A) * P(A)
P(A)
7. Two dice are rolled. Choose the correct option, the probability of getting a sum of 7 or 11.

a) 1/6 b)1/12
c)1/16 d)1/36
8. In a deck of 52 cards, calculate the probability of drawing a red card or a face card.
a)13/26 b)13/52
c)16/52 d)8/13

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 9. Two dice are rolled and the numbers are multiplied [Link] the probability of total being 5
is
a.1/18 b.1/12
c.1/36 [Link] of these
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|4 A coin is tossed 5 times. Calculate the probability that all five tosses show heads.
a.0.03 b.0.01

c.0.07 [Link] of these.

11. An urn A contains 2 white and 3 black chips, and another urn B contains 3 white and 4 black chips.
One urn is selected at random, and a chip is drawn from it. If the chip drawn is found black, Calculate
the probability that the urn chosen was A
a.20/41 b.21/41
c.19/41 [Link] of these.
12. A box contains 20 electric bulbs, out of which 4 are defective. Two bulbs are chosen at random from
this [Link] the probability that at least one of these is defective is
a.5/9 b.6/9
c.7/19 [Link] of these
13. Bag 1 contains 4 white and 6 black balls while another Bag 2 contains 4 white and 3 black balls. One
ball is drawn at random from one of the bags and it is found to be black .Calculate the probability that
it was drawn from Bag 1.

a. 12/13 b. 5/12

c. 7/11 d. 7/12
14. Choose the correct option. Three unbiased coins are [Link] the probability of getting at most
two heads.

a. 3/4 b. 3/8

c. 7/4 d. 7/8
15. Choose the correct option. When two coins are tossed simultaneously, Calculate the chances of getting
at least one tail.

a. 3/4 b. 1/4

c. 1/2 d. 1
16. Choose the correct option. Suppose three coins are tossed simultaneously, Calculate the chances of
getting at least one head?

a)1/8 b)7/8

c)2/8 d)4/8

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 17. Choose the correct option. Bag contain 10 back and 20 white balls, One ball is drawn at random.
Calculate the probability that ball is white

a)1 b)1/3

Page | 5 c)2/3 d) 0
18. If you draw a card from a standard deck without replacement,calculate the probability of drawing two
consecutive hearts?

a. 1/26 b. 1/17

c. 1/169 1/13
19. Choose the correct option. From a pack of 52 cards, one card is drawn at random. Calculate the
probability of a face card drawn.
a. 4/13 b. 1/13
c. 1/52 d. 1/26
20. If you randomly select a letter from the word “PROBABILITY,” calculate the probability that it is a
vowel?
a. 2/11 b. 3/11
c. 4/11 d. 5/11
21 In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up [Link] the
probability that it is neither red nor green?
a.1/3 b. 3/4
c.7/19 d.8/21
22. In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A lottery is drawn at random. What is the probability of
getting a prize?
a.1/10 b.2/5
c.2/7 d.5/7
23 If A, B and C are three events and only one event of them must occur then P(A) +P(B) + P(C).Choose
the correct option.
a. Sample space. b. 1
c. 0 d. None of these.
24 If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.7, and P (A or B) = 0.8, what is P (A and B)?
a.0.3 b.0.1
c.0.2 d.0.5
25 In a class, 60% of students are girls and the rest are boys. If 70% of the girls passed the exam and 80%
of the boys passed, Calculate the probability that a randomly chosen student passed the exam?
a.0.60 b. 0.68

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 c.0.70 d. 0.74
26 A fair six-sided die is rolled. Calculate the probability of rolling an even number, given that the
number rolled is less than 5?
a.1/2 b. 1/3
Page | 6 c. 1/4 d.1/6
27 In a box of 100 chocolates, 30 are dark chocolate and the rest are milk chocolate. If 20% of the
dark chocolates are bitter and 10% of the milk chocolates are bitter, calculate the probability of
randomly selecting a bitter chocolate from the box?
a. 0.13 b.0.14
c.0.15 d.0.16
28 In a deck of 52 cards, calculate the probability of drawing a heart card, given that it's a red card?
a. 1/2 b.1/4
c.1/13 d.1/26
29 In a class, 60% of students are girls and 40% are boys. If 30% of the girls and 20% of the boys
play basketball, calculate the probability that a randomly chosen basketball player is a girl?
a. 0.48 b.0.54
c.0.60 d.0.69
30 If P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.3, and P(A|B) = 0.4, what is P(B|A)?
a.0.2 b.0.3
c.0.4 d.0.6
31. If P(B) = 0.12, P(A|B) = 0.54 and P(A|Bc) = 0.27, then P(A) is calculated as

a. 0.3122 b. 0.2816

c. 0.2995 d. 0.3024

32. The probability of getting a total of 15 after rolling 3 dice simultaneously, given that second dice
neither yield 5 nor 6, is calculated as,
a. 3/48 b. 1/48
c. 6/48 d. 4/48
33. Choose the correct value of P(A U B)-P(A-B).
a. P(A) b. P(Ac)
c. P(B) d. P(Bc)
34. The maximum value of 2P(A)P(Ac) is computed as,choose the correct option
a. 0.5 b. 0.25
c. 0.75 d. 0.65

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 35. If A is independent to B and C, then P(A)P(B)P(C) is same with, choose the correct option.
a. P(AUB∩C) b. P(A∩BUC)
c. P(AUBUC) d. P(A∩B∩C)

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Short Answer Type Questions:

1 Write down the axioms of probability.

2 Illustrate Bayes’ theorem.

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3 Explain independent events.

4 Explain conditional probability.

The probability of occurrence of any event A when another event B in relation to A has
already occurred is known as conditional probability. It is depicted by P(A|B).

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As depicted by the above diagram, sample space is given by S, and there are two events A
and B. In a situation where event B has already occurred, then our sample space S
naturally gets reduced to B because now the chances of occurrence of an event will lie
inside B.
As we have to figure out the chances of occurrence of event A, only a portion common to
both A and B is enough to represent the probability of occurrence of A, when B has
already occurred. The common portion of the events is depicted by the intersection of both
the events A and B, i.e. A ∩ B.
The formula is,
P(A|B) = N(A∩B)/N(B)
Or
P(B|A) = N(A∩B)/N(A)
5 A fair coin is tossed twice such that E: event of having both head and tail, and F: event of having
atmost one tail. Calculate P(E), P(F) and P(E|F)

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6 Two dice are rolled, if it is known that atleast one of the dice always shows 4,Calculate the
probability that the numbers appeared on the dice have a sum 8

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7 If a family has two [Link] the conditional probability that both are girls if there is
atleast one girl?

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8 If P(A) = 2P(B) = 4/13 and P(A|B) = ⅔,Calculate the value of P(A U B).

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=14/39

9 Let E and F are events of a experiment such that P(E) = 3/10 P(F) = ½ and P(F|E) = ⅖. Calculate
the value of P(E ∩ F)

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10 An urn A contains 2 white and 3 black chips, and another urn B contains 3 white and 4 black
chips. One urn is selected at random, and a chip is drawn from it. If the chip drawn is found black,
Identify the probability that the urn chosen was A

11 Two events A and B satisfy P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.4, and P(A ∩ B) = 0.2. Estimate P(A|B) and P(B|A).

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12 A box contains 3 red, 5 blue, and 2 green balls. Two balls are drawn one after the other without
replacement. Estimate the probability that both balls are red.

13 If the probability of event A is 0.7 and the probability of event B occurring given A is 0.6, estimate
P(A ∩ B).

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14 The probability that a randomly chosen person has a certain skill is 0.3. If 4 persons are chosen at
random, evaluate the probability that exactly 2 of them have the skill.

Long Answer Type Question:

1 A standard deck of playing cards contains 52 cards, including 4 suits (hearts, diamonds, clubs, and
spades) with 13 cards each. Calculate the probability of drawing a heart from the deck.A bag
contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Calculate the probability of randomly selecting a red ball
from the bag.

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2 Two dies are thrown simultaneously and the sum of the numbers obtained is found to be 7.
Calculate the number 3 has appeared at least once.

3 You toss a fair coin three times:

i)Calculate the probability of three heads, HHH?
ii)Calculate the probability that you observe exactly one heads?
iii)Given that you have observed at least one heads, calculate the probability that you observe at
least two heads.

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4 A store contains 35 light green parakeets (14 females and 21 males) and 44 sky blue parakeets (28
females and 16 males). You randomly choose 1 of the parakeets. Calculate the probability that it is
a female or sky blue parakeet.

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5 A card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Calculate the probability of getting
a king or an ace.

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 6 Let X and Y be two events such that P(X|Y) = 1/2. P(Y|X) = 1/3 and P(X⋂Y) = 1/6. Show that, X
and Y are independent and Calculate P(X U Y) .

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7 1 1 1
If 𝑃(𝐴⁄𝐵) = 3 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴) = 2. Find the probability that exactly one of the events A
and B occurs.

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8 In a neighbourhood, 90% children were falling sick due flu and 10% due to measles and no other
disease. The probability of observing rashes for measles is 0.95 and for flu is 0.08. If a child
develops rashes, calculate the child’s probability of having flu.

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9 Three urns are there containing white and black balls; first urn has 3 white and 2 black balls,
second urn has 2 white and 3 black balls and third urn has 4 white and 1 black balls. Without any
biasing one urn is chosen from that one ball is chosen randomly which was white. Calculate
the probability that it came from the third urn.

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10 It is observed that 50% of mails are spam. There is a software that filters spam mail before
reaching the inbox. It accuracy for detecting a spam mail is 99% and chances of tagging a non-
spam mail as spam mail is 5%. If a certain mail is tagged as spam calculate the probability that it is
not a spam mail.

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11 Define mutually exclusive and independent events with suitable examples. Can two events
be both mutually exclusive and independent at the same time. Justify your answer with a
probability-based explanation.

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12 An insurance company issues policies to drivers. The probability that a driver meets with
an accident in a year is 0.02. Estimate the probability that out of 10 randomly selected
drivers:
(a) None meets with an accident.
(b) At least one meets with an accident.
Assume that the events are independent.

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13 A factory has three machines A, B, and C producing 25%, 35%, and 40% of the total
output respectively. The defect rates of the machines are 5%, 4%, and 2% respectively. If
an item is selected at random and found to be defective then estimate the probability that it
was produced by machine A.

14 A student answers a multiple-choice question with 4 alternatives, of which only one is

correct. The student either knows the answer or guesses. If the student knows the answer,
the probability of answering correctly is 1. If the student guesses, the probability of a
correct answer is 0.25. If the probability that the student knows the answer is 0.7, then
estimate the probability that the student actually knew the answer, given that they
answered the question correctly.

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