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Solution

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS (MOCK TEST PAPER)

Class 10 - Science
Section A
1. (a) Lead iodide, Precipitate
Explanation: The chemical reaction between potassium iodide and lead nitrate is characterized by the formation of a yellow
precipitate of lead iodide.
2.
(b) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + Heat
Explanation: CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + Heat

3.
(b) The first shower of rain is acidic
Explanation: The buds of Petunia act as indicators and change their colour in acidic medium.
As the first shower of rain is acidic, therefore the buds of Petunia change their colour.
4.
(c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
Explanation: A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having same functional group thus, they show similar
chemical properties. Successive members of a homologous series differ by -CH2 group and hence differ in mass by 14 u.

5.
(c) On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from the anode dissolves into the electrolyte.
Explanation: When current is passed through the electrolyte, the impure metal from the anode is dissolved in the electrolyte
and an equal amount of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited on the cathode.
6.
(c) Calcined dolomite
Explanation: Refractory materials that retain their strength at high temperatures are used in linings for furnaces, kilns,
incinerators, and reactors. Calcined dolomite is used in areas where slags and atmosphere are basic; it is stable to alkaline
materials but could react with acids.
CaMg(CO3)2(s) + heat → [Link](s) + 2CO2(g)

7. (a) II only
[O]

Explanation: CH 3 CH2 OH −−−−−→ CH3 COOH

Oxidation
Conc.H2 SO 4

CH3 CH2 OH + CH3 COOH −−−−−−−→ CH3 COOCH2 CH3

2CH3 COOH + Na 2 CO3 → 2CH3 COONa + CO2 + H2 O

CH3 CH2 CH3 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2 O

8.
(c) safranin
Explanation: Safranin is pinkish red in colour.
9.
(d) tallness is the dominant trait
Explanation: According to the law of dominance, the character that is expressed in the F1 generation is called the dominant
trait whereas character that is not expressed in F1 generation is knowns as recessive trait. Thus, tallness is the dominant trait.

10.
(d) fusion of nuclei of male and female gamete
Explanation: fusion of nuclei of male and female gamete
11.
(b) Statement (i) is correct.
Explanation: In humans, females have homomorphic sex chromosomes, i.e., two X chromosomes. Thus, they are

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homogametic, i.e., produce only one type of gametes which contain X chromosomes. Sex chromosomes of human males are
heteromorphic or dissimilar, i.e., XY. Fluman males are therefore heterogametic, i.e., produce two types of gametes.
12.
(d) Pyruvic acid
Explanation: Glycolysis involves the breaking down of sugar (generally glucose, although fructose and other sugars may be
used) into more manageable compounds in order to produce energy. The net end products of glycolysis are two Pyruvate, two
NADH, and two ATP.
13.
(b) 15 A
Explanation: The power circuit with a 15 A fuse is used for running the electric heater, electric iron, geyser, refrigerator, etc.
as it draws more current.
14. (a) Half
Explanation: Half
15. (a) Jute bag, Mouldy bread, Newspaper
Explanation: Biodegradable wastes are waste materials that can be easily decomposed by microorganisms. Organic wastes
like orange peel, roti, cotton cloth, mango fruit, jute bag, mouldy bread, newspaper, etc., are biodegradable.
16.

(b)

Explanation: The given figure shows food chain in an aquatic ecosystem (pond). A pyramid of biomass is the graphic
representation of biomass (total amount of living or organic matter in an ecosystem at any time) per unit area in different
trophic levels. It is inverted in an aquatic ecosystem where the biomass of a trophic level depends upon reproductive potential
and longevity of its members. Therefore, the biomass of organisms gradually increases at successive trophic levels from
producers (aquatic plants) to top carnivores (large fish).
17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
18.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Insects help in cross-pollination. When an insect sits on the flower of a plant for sucking nectar then the pollen
grains from anther of the flower stick to its body and when this insect sits on another flower of similar plant, pollen grains stick
to its body are transferred to the stigma of another flower. In this way, the insect transfers the pollen grains from the anther of
flower in one plant to the stigma of flower in another plant and causes cross-pollination. The blowing wind also carries pollen
grains from one flower to another flower and helps in cross-pollination.
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
21. a. CH4 + 5O2 ⟶ CO2 + H2O + heat + Light
b. 2CH3-CH2 - OH + 2Na ⟶ 2C2H5 - ONa + H2
c. CH3COOH + NaOH ⟶ CH3COONa + H2O
d. CH3COOH + Na2CO3 ⟶ 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
e. CH3COOH + CH3-CH2-OH ⟶ CH3COOCH2 - CH3 + H2O
22. i. Fine adjustment screws were moved to focus the slides.

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ii.

23.

OR
Not enough oxygen may reach the muscles during exercise. When this happens, they use anaerobic respiration to obtain energy.
Anaerobic respiration involves the incomplete breakdown of glucose. It releases around 5% of the energy released by aerobic
respiration, per molecule of glucose. The waste product is lactic acid rather than carbon dioxide and water.
24. u= -12cm
m= -4
v= ?
−v
= −4
u

v= 4u
v= 4(-12)
v= -48cm
25. Ammonia based cleaners, lead from paint factories and heavy metals like zinc are released in rivers, which accumulate in water
bodies and are taken up by fishes and other aquatic animals. These animals are eaten up by predator birds due to which instant
death or some chronic diseases occur which ultimately leads to death in large number, which leads to decline in the population of
predator birds which will further disturb the whole ecolological balance.
OR
A food chain having two trophic levels only would minimize the energy lost as heat which is an advantage in terms of energy.
26. As all digital items and artificial lighting is enriched with blue light which is harmful to our eyes and body, I would suggest Zia to
use the digital items in some warmer colour light like yellow or red which does not harm our eye or body when compared with the
blue light. Blue light filter application can be installed in computer, mobile or other digital items we use.
Section C
27. (i) Most reactive element is B as it has replaced both A and C from their compounds.
(ii) Element C is least reactive as it has been replaced both by A and B.
28. i. Pure metals are extracted from their carbonate ores through the following steps:
a. Concentration of Ore:
Gangue first needs to be removed from the ore keeping in mind the differences in physical and chemical properties of
gangue and ore.
b. Calcination:
The carbonate ores must be heated strongly in the absence of air to convert them into metal ores.
Δ

For example: ZnC O (s) −

3 → ZnO + C O (↑)2

c. Reduction:
Next, reduction is carried out using a more reactiave metal or carbon.
For example: ZnO + C → Zn + CO
This happens because carbon has a greater binding affinity for oxygen than Zinc does.
Finally, the obtained metal is refined by electrolysis of their salt solutions.
ii. Copper glance is the ore of copper sulphide. It is first roasted and then the remaining Cu2O is reduced using Cu2S in the tank.
Δ

2C u2 S + 3O2 −
→ 2C u2 O + 2SO2
Δ

2C u2 O + C u2 S −
→ 6C u + SO2

This way, copper metal is extracted.

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Electrolytic refining of copper: The electrolyte is a solution of acidified copper sulphate. The anode is impure copper,
whereas, the cathode is a strip of pure copper. On passing electric current, pure copper is deposited on the cathode.
OR
i) The ore is Cinnabar (Hg2S)
Cinnabar is the ore of mercury (Hg) which has low reactivity and can be reduced to mercury by heating alone. So to obtain
mercury from cinnabar the only step required is heating strongly in the presence of oxygen called "Roasting". In the first step,
cinnabar gets converted to mercuric oxide which on further heating is reduced to mercury.
2HgS (s) +3 O2 (g) +Heat → 2 HgO(s) +2 SO2 (g)
2 HgO +Heat → 2 Hg (l) + O2 (g)
ii) a. This reaction will take place as Zn is more reactive than Cu, so Zn will displace Cu from its salt CuSO4 and will form
colourless ZnSO4 solution and reddish brown particles Cu.
b. This reaction will not occur as Fe is less reactive than Zn, so it will not be able to displace Zn from ZnSO4.
29. i. A healthy diet throughout life promotes healthy pregnancy outcomes, supports normal growth, development, and aging, helps
to maintain healthy body weight, and reduces the risk of chronic disease leading to overall health and well-being of human
beings.
ii. Peristalsis mainly causes the movement of food inside the alimentary canal.
iii. Digestion of cellulose takes a longer time. Hence, herbivores need a longer small intestine to allow the complete digestion of
cellulose. Carnivorous animals cannot digest cellulose, hence they have a shorter intestine.
iv. Mucus is the inner lining of the digestive system which helps in the movement of food through the digestive system.
Moreover, mucus in the stomach protects the inner lining from damage by hydrochloric acid which is secreted by oxyntic cells
of the gastric gland to make the environment acidic for pepsin to function. So, the lack of mucus will damage the inner lining
of the stomach by acid activity. It may result in gastric ulcers.
30. The ratio of purple flowers to white flowers in F2 generation was approximately 3 : 1. This ratio is termed Mendelian ratio or
Monohybrid ratio. It explains:
1) F1 hybrids always exhibited only one of the parental form of a trait and showed dominance / recessive mechanism.
2) Both parental forms of trait segregate and were expressed in F2 (second filial) generation.
3) The form of trait that appeared in F1 offspring i.e. the dominant form was present in the F2 generation about three times as
frequently as its alternate form (470 : 162). It is approximately 3 : 1. It is due to mechanism of segregation at the time of gamete
formation.

31. Real Image Virtual Image

1. It is formed by the actual meeting of reflected (or 1. It is formed when reflected (or refracted) rays appear to meet when
refracted) ray. produced backward

[Link] can be obtained on the screen. [Link] cannot be obtained on the screen.

[Link] is always inverted. [Link] is always erect.

[Link] is formed by concave, convex and plane mirror(or concave and

[Link] is formed by concave mirror or convex lens.
convex lens.)

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32. a. (i) Length of the conductor (l)
(ii) Area of cross-section of the conductor (A)
b. Radius of wire, r = 0.01 cm = 0.01 × 10-2 m
Resistance, R = 10 Ω
Resistivity, ρ = 50 × 10-8 Ω m
2
l l Rπr
R= ρ = ρ ⇒ l =
A 2 ρ
πr
−2 2
10Ω×22× (0⋅01× 10 ) m
l =
−8
7×50× 10 Ωm
22
=
35
m = 0.629 m = 0.628 m = 0.62 m
33. R1 = 5Ω , R2 = 10Ω , and R3 = 30Ω
Potential difference across the battery, V = 12 V.
This is also the potential difference across each of the individual resistor; therefore, to calculate the current in the resistors, we use
Ohm’s law.
V
The current I1, through R1 = R1

12V
I1 =
5Ω
= 2.4 A
The Current I2, through R2 = = V

R2

12V
I2 = = 1.2A
10Ω
V
The current I3, through R 3 =
R3

12V
I3 = = 0.4A
30Ω

The total current in the circuit,

I = I1 + I2 + I3
= (2.4 + 1.2 + 0.4)A
= 4A
The total resistance Rp, is given by 1

Rp
=
1

R1
+
1

R2
+
1

R3

1 1 1 1 1
= + + =
Rp 5 10 30 3

Thus, R p = 3Ω

Section D
34. Carbon contains 4 electrons in its valence shell. It needs additional four electrons to complete its octet. It does not form C4+
cation, as the removal of four electrons will require a huge amount of energy. The cation formed will have six protons and two
electrons. This makes it highly unstable. Carbon is unable to form C4- anion as its nucleus contains six protons. So, it will not be
able to hold ten electrons due to its small size. Thus, carbon achieves noble gas electronic configuration by sharing its four
electrons either with same or different other atoms, i.e. it forms covalent compounds.
i. Covalent compounds are bad conductor of electricity: Covalent compounds do not have free ions. So, they are bad
conductors of electricity in solid, molten or aqueous state.
ii. Melting point and Boiling point of covalent compounds are low: In Covalent compounds, the intermolecular forces of
attraction are weak. Hence, their melting and boiling points are quite low.
OR
i. Compound A is Ethanol
B is ethene
C is ethane
ii. The conversion of A into B.
C2H5OH + (Hot conc. H2SO4) ⟶ 2H4 + H2O
iii. when compound C undergoes combustion following reaction take place
2C2H6 + 7O2 ⟶ 4CO2 + 6H2O + Heat + Light
iv. The process of Hydrogenation is used in industry to convert vegetable oils to vanaspati ghee.
v. Ethanol compound A when reacts with sodium metal to form sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas.
35. 1) Pedicel: It is stalk of the flower which raises it in the air to expose the flower to the pollinating agencies. Pedicel may bear two
small leaf-like appendages called bracteoles.
2) Thalamus: The swollen or broad base or flat apex of pedicel that bears the floral leaves is called thalamus or torus.
3) Calyx or Sepals: The sepals are the outermost whorl of flower. They are collectively known as calyx. Calyx is green, appears

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first on the thalamus and is protective in function.
4) Corolla or Petals: It is second whorl of flower. They are brightly coloured leaf-like flattened structures.
Petals may also be scented and have nectar glands at the base to attract pollinating agents i.e. insects.
5) Stamens or Androecium: Stamens are the male reproductive parts of the flower. Each stamen consists of a slender stalk
filament and knob-like terminal anther. Each anther has two anther lobes. Each anther lobe has two pollen chambers containing
pollen grains.
6) Carpels or Gynoecium: The carpels represent the female parts of a flower. They are present on the central region of thalamus.
They may be free or united. The free occurring unit of gynaecium is called pistil. Each pistil consists of three parts ovary, style
and stigma.
OR
i. Hormones are the chemical substances that regulate the biological processes in the living organisms.
Characteristics of Hormones
a. They are poured directly into the bloodstream in very small amounts and are carried throughout the body by circulatory
system.
b. They act only on the specific target organs.
ii. a. Testosterone(produced by testes) is the hormone which brings the change in the male during adolescence.
b. Insulin (decrease blood sugar) and glucagon (increase blood sugar), secreted by pancreas coordinates the sugar level in
blood.
36. When one-half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper, this lens produces a complete image of the object. To prove it we
perform experiment:

Take a concave mirror and cover half part of its by using black paper. Place it vertically in a stand. On one side of it place a
burning candle. On opposite side of the lens fix a white screen. Adjust the position of candle or screen till clear image of burning
candle is formed on the screen. We observe that the image is complete image of the object.
From the experimental observations, we find that image formation does not depend upon the size of a lens. A similar lens can also
form complete image of an object placed in front of it. However, brightness of the image decreases when some part of lens is
blocked. It is because now lesser number of rays pass through the lens.
OR
Given: Height of object (ho) = 4 cm
Object distance (u) = -25 cm(-ve as it is in front of mirror)
Focal length (f) = -15 cm
i. Applying mirror formula and substituting the values,
1 1 1
+ =
v u f

1 1 1
= −
v −15 −25

1 −5+3
=
v 75

v= −75

2
= -37.5 cm
The negative sign indicates that the image is in front of the mirror.
Therefore, the screen must be placed in front of the mirror at a distance of 37.5 cm.
ii. Applying the magnification formula and substituting the values,
−v hi
m= u
=
ho
−75
−( )
2 hi
=
−25 4
−75
hi = 2×25
× 4

hi = -6 cm
​The image will be 6cm high and it will be inverted.

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iii. The ray diagram showing the formation of image in this case is,

Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The dissolving of an acid or a base in water is a highly exothermic reaction. Care must be taken while mixing concentrated nitric
acid or sulphuric acid with water. The acid must always be added slowly to water with constant stirring. If water is added to a
concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns. The glass container may also break due
to excessive local heating. Look out for the warning sign on the can of concentrated sulphuric acid and on the bottle of sodium
hydroxide pellets.

(i) An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy through light or heat.
(ii) Mixing of acid with water is a highly exothermic reaction.
OR
When sulphur trioxide (acidic oxide) is dissolved in water, an exothermic reaction takes place with the formation of
sulphuric acid.
SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. Touching a hot object is an urgent and
dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to it. How do we detect that we are touching a hot object? All
information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve cells. These receptors are usually located in
our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory
receptors will detect the smell. This information, acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell sets off a chemical reaction
that creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the axon to its end. At the
end of the axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of some chemicals. These chemicals cross the gap, or synapse, and start
a similar electrical impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron. This is a general scheme of how nervous impulses travel in the
body. A similar synapse finally allows the delivery of such impulses from neurons to other cells, such as muscles cells or glands.

(i) At the synapse, (functional junction between neurons) axon terminal comes in close proximity to the dendron terminal of
next neuron. Axon terminal is expanded to form pre-synaptic knob and the other dendrite terminal forms post- synaptic

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depression.
(ii) The electrical impulse travels form the dendrite to the cell body, then along the axon to its end.
(iii)Acetylcholine is released at the end of the axon to transmit the signal to the other neuron.
OR
A synapse is a gap between two neurons. At the synapse, the electrical signals are converted into chemicals that can
easily cross over the gap and pass on to the next neurons where it again converted into electrical signals.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Take two different coils of copper wire having large number of turns, say 50 and 100 turns respectively. Insert them over a non-
conducting roll as shown in the given figure. Connect the Coil-1, having large number of turns, in series with a battery and a plug
key. Also connect the other Coil-2 with a galvanometer.

(i) The reason involved is electromagnetic induction.

When current is passed through coil 1 magnetic field changes in coil 2 due to which an induced current starts flowing in
coil 2 and the galvanometer present in coil 2 shows some deflection.
(ii) The electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon involved above.
The process by which a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces a current in another conductor is called
electromagnetic induction.
(iii) 1. A momentary deflection is shown by the galvanometer.
2. A momentary deflection is shown by the galvanometer but in the opposite direction.
OR
i. When bar magnet is pushed into the coil there is some deflection in the galvanometer.
ii. When bar magnet is held stationary there is no change in magnetic field due to which there is no change in the
galvanometer.

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