TECHNODEF FOUNDATION

SAMPLE TEST PAPER (2025-26)

Subject: Science (086)
Class: X Max. Marks: 80 Time: 3 hrs

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SERIES : TD202501

SET ~ 1

Q.P. CODE: 29/1/1

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General Instructions:

(i) This question paper consists of 39 questions in 3 sections. Section A is Biology, Section B
is Chemistry and Section C is Physics

(ii) All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some

questions. A student is expected to attempt only one of these questions.

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SECTION-A (Biology)
(Multiple Choice Questions) (1x9=9)
1. Which is the correct sequence of parts in human alimentary canal?

(a) Mouth → stomach → small intestine → oesophagus → large intestine

(b) Mouth →oesophagus → stomach → large intestine → small intestine

(c) Mouth → stomach → oesophagus → small intestine → large intestine

(d) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine

2. A few drops of iodine solution were added to rice water. The s turned blue-black in colour. This indicates that
rice water contains

(a) complex proteins

(b) simple proteins

(c) fats

(d) starch

3. A doctor advised a person to take an injection of insulin because

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(a) his blood pressure was low

(b) his heart was beating slowly

(c) he was suffering from goitre

(d) his sugar level in blood was high

4. Which are the correct statements related to ozone?

(i) Ozone layer helps in increasing the UV radiations reaching earth.

(ii) Ozone is a deadly poison.

(iii) Ozone layer shields the earth from UV radiations.

(iv) Ozone layer prevents UV rays which cause skin cancer.

(v) Ozone is formed with the help of Chloroflurocarbons.

A. (i), (ii), (iii)

B. (ii), (iii), (iv)

C. (iii), (iv), (v)

D. (i), (iv), (v)

5. In a cross between black furred rabbit (B) and white furred rabbit (b), all offspring were found to have black
fur. What can be inferred about the genetic makeup of the parent rabbits?

A. BB X bb

B. Bb X Bb

C. Bb X bb

D. bb X bb

6. In the given figure, the parts A, B and C are sequentially

(a) cotyledon, plumule and radicle

(b) plumule, radicle and cotyledon

(c) plumule, cotyledon and radicle

(d) radicle, cotyledon and plumule

7. Which of the following human activities has resulted in an increase of non-Biodegradable substances?

A. Organic farming

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B. Increase in tree plantation

C. Use of plastic as packaging material

D. Composting of kitchen waste

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason ®. Answer these questions selecting
the appropriate option given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

8. Assertion (A): Tallness of a pea plant is controlled by an enzyme.

Reason (R): The gene for that enzyme makes proteins which help the plant to be tall.

9. Assertion (A): Vulture will always have the least amount of pesticides in a food chain.

Reason (R): Vulture occupies the last trophic level and it gets only 10% of energy of the previous trophic level.

(Very Short Answer Type Questions) (2x3=6)

10. During a marathon, athletes often breathe faster and deeper.

Justify how this change in breathing pattern is related to the products of respiration.

11. Students to attempt either option A or B.

A. In each of the following situations what happens to the rate of photosynthesis?

(a) Cloudy days

(b) No rainfall in the area

(c) Good manuring in the area

(d) Stomata get blocked due to dust

OR

B. Explain the mechanism by which the water is transported in plants.

12. A large wetland has recently been included under a conservation project. The survey team identified the
following organisms living in the wetland ecosystem:

Identification List:

algae, small fish, heron, plankton, frog, reeds (plants), water beetles, snake, duck, hawk, snails.

Using the organisms listed above, Construct two different food chains starting with two different producers
found in the wetland.

(Short Answer Type Questions) (3x2=6)

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13. “Nervous and hormonal systems together perform the function of control and coordination in human
beings.” Explain the statement.

14. In a genetic experiment, a plant with pure tall, white flowers (TTww) was crossed with a plant having
dwarf, purple flowers (ttWW). All F₁ plants were tall with purple flowers.

(i) Show the gametes produced by the F₁ plants when they were self-pollinated.

(ii) If 256 offspring were obtained in the F₂ generation,

show the ratio in which height and flower colour traits are independently inherited.

(iii) How many of the F₂ plants would be dwarf with white flowers?

(Case-based/Data -based Question) (1+1+2=4)

15. Rahul went for a routine health check-up. His doctor showed him a diagram of the human circulatory
system and explained how blood flows through the heart, lungs, and body. Rahul noticed that during exercise
his heart rate increased, and his doctor told him this helps supply more oxygen to his muscles.

Study the case and answer the questions:

Attempt either subpart A or B.

A. During exercise, Rahul’s muscles require more oxygen. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the heart? Give its name and the type of blood it carries.

OR

B. Rahul measured his pulse rate to check his heart activity. What does a pulse represent in the circulatory
system? Which organ generates this pulse and how is it initiated?

C. What brings oxygen to heart? How does it perform its role?

D. The figure represents parts of human heart. Now based on your observation which part will lead to
separation. Explain its role.

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 (Long Answer Type Question) (5x1=5)
16. Attempt either option A or B

A. Puneet wanted to grow banana plants.

(i) Based on your knowledge on plant reproduction should he opt for seeds or any alternate method of
reproduction. Justify your answer.

(ii) Offsprings of a banana plant usually show very little variation. What causes variation and are variations
good or bad? Justify.

OR

B. Annie was conducting research on the number of fruits produced by watermelon under different
conditions. She grew 25 watermelon plants each in both glass house A and B. She introduced pollinators in
glass house A only.

(i) What difference will she observe in the number of fruits produced in the two glass houses? Explain with
reason.

(ii) List 3 changes that will occur in a flower once it gets fertilized.

17. Which of the following equations represent redox reactions and what are the values of ‘m’ and ‘n’ in the
equations?

Equation 1:

CuO(s) + r Mg(s) → MgO(s) + m Cu(s)

Equation 2:

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + n H2O(g)

A. Only equation 1 is a redox reaction, m = 1 and n = 2

B. Both equations 1 and 2 are redox reactions, m = 1 and n = 4

C. Only equation 2 is a redox reaction, m = 2 and n = 3

D. Both equations 1 and 2 are redox reactions, m = 1 and n = 4

18. Four statements about oxides reacting with dilute HCl and aqueous NaOH are given:

I. Lead(II) oxide reacts with both dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide.

II. Magnesium oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid but not with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

III. Tin(IV) oxide reacts with both dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide.

IV. Carbon dioxide reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide but not with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Which statements are correct?

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A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and IV

D. III and IV

19. A zinc strip is placed in test tube A containing aqueous copper(II) sulphate and in test tube B containing
aqueous magnesium nitrate. Which observation is correct?

A. A red-brown coating forms in test tube A; no reaction in test tube B.

B. No reaction in either test tube.

C. Grey solid deposits in both tubes.

D. No reaction in test tube A but a grey coating appears in test tube B.

20. Phenolphthalein is added to dilute sulphuric acid and to aqueous potassium hydroxide.

What is the colour of the indicator in each solution?

21. Which of the following solutions, when dissolved in equal amounts of water, will show the lowest pH value?

A. Potassium hydroxide

B. Ammonium chloride

C. Hydrochloric acid

D. Sodium carbonate

22. When excess carbon dioxide is bubbled into a freshly prepared solution of sodium hydroxide, the solution
first forms sodium carbonate, and on passing more CO₂ it forms:

A. Insoluble sodium bicarbonate

B. Soluble sodium bicarbonate

C. Insoluble sodium carbonate

D. Soluble sodium chloride

23. When aqueous lead nitrate is mixed with aqueous potassium iodide, the solid formed is:

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A. KI

B. PbI₂

C. KNO₃

D. Pb(NO₃)₂

Following question consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason ®. Answer these questions selecting
the appropriate option given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

24. Assertion (A): C₅H₁₂ and C₆H₁₄ belong to the same homologous series.

Reason (R): Each consecutive member of an alkane series differs by –CH₂– group.

[Link] teacher sets up a demonstration in the lab.

A copper rod is clamped to a stand. A small bead is attached to the free end of the rod using wax.

The rod is heated at the clamped end using a spirit lamp. After some time, the bead drops to the floor.

A. If the teacher replaces the copper rod with an iron rod, will the observation change? Explain your answer.

B. Will the copper rod melt during this activity? State the reason.

26. A. A metal ‘Y’ reacts vigorously with cold water and forms a strong alkaline solution.

It cannot be obtained from its ore by heating with carbon. Y forms an ionic compound with bromine.

(i) Can metal ‘Y’ be stored in air? Give a reason.

(ii) Identify metal ‘Y’. Name the method used for its extraction and write the chemical equation for the
extraction process.

OR

[Link] old monuments have roofs made of iron, but over the years, the roofs develop a reddish-brown coating.

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 (i) Why do iron roofs develop a reddish-brown layer even though iron is originally grey in colour?
(ii) Should these iron roofs be replaced with aluminium roofs to avoid rusting? Give your opinion with
reason.
(iii) Iron sheets were used in ancient structures even though they rust. Why do you think architects
chose iron for roofing?

27. Amrita wanted to study the electrolysis of copper(II) chloride solution using the set-up shown in Figure A.

She connected a battery, two graphite rods and a bulb in series, and filled the beaker with distilled water by
mistake.

Figure A

(Beaker → distilled water → graphite electrodes → bulb → battery)

When she switched on the circuit, she noticed that the bulb did not glow, and no gas was collected at either
electrode.

Realising her error, Amrita added a certain substance to the beaker and repeated the experiment.

Answer the following questions based on the information above:

A. Which gas was Amrita expecting to be released at the anode and which one at the cathode when
electrolysing copper(II) chloride solution?

B. Why did the bulb not glow when the beaker contained only distilled water?

C. What substance did Amrita add to distilled water so that electrolysis could occur successfully?

28. Riya took 2 mL of dilute HCl in a test tube and added two drops of methyl orange.

The solution turned red.

She then added dilute KOH to the test tube drop by drop until the colour changed from red to yellow.

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She noted that 32 drops of KOH were needed for the colour change.

When Riya added one more drop of HCl, the colour became red again.

Riya repeated the activity with different volumes of dilute HCl and recorded her observations in the table:

Answer the following questions based on the given information:

A. If Riya used concentrated KOH instead of dilute KOH, how many drops would be required for the colour
change?Justify your answer.

(a) 32

(b) < 32

(c) > 32

(d) Cannot be predicted

B. Riya found that 20 drops of dilute KOH made a volume of 1 mL.

If she observed a colour change by using 2.5 mL KOH, how many mL of dilute HCl did she take initially?

OR

C. Riya takes 10 drops of dilute HCl and adds two drops of methyl orange.

Then she adds KOH dropwise.

She observes a colour change after 25 drops of KOH.

What colour change will she observe and why?

D. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place in the experiment.

Which of the following statements about the reaction is TRUE and why?

(a) Neutralisation and double displacement

(b) Neutralisation and precipitation

(c) Precipitation and double displacement

(d) Neutralisation + precipitation + displacement

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29. A. A hydrocarbon with the formula CxHy undergoes complete combustion according to the following
equation:

(a) What are the values of x and y?

(b) Write the IUPAC name of this hydrocarbon.

(c) Draw the electron-dot structure of the hydrocarbon.

(d) Name the alcohol which, on dehydration with conc. H₂SO₄, forms this hydrocarbon.

(e) Write a balanced chemical equation for the addition of chlorine to this hydrocarbon in presence of sunlight.

B. The electronic configurations of atoms R and S are given below:

R: 2, 8, 8, 1

S: 2, 8, 7

Answer the following questions:

(a) When R and S combine, what type of chemical bond will be formed?

(b) Write the chemical formula of the compound formed.

(c) What will be the nature of the solution formed when the compound dissolves in water—acidic, basic or
neutral? Justify.

(d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between S and magnesium metal.

(e) What will be the formula of the compound formed when R combines with oxygen?

SECTION-C (Physics)

(Multiple Choice Questions) (1x3=3)

30. Arnav was making notes and he wrote down the following statements from his

understanding of reflection from curved surfaces.

I. Concave mirrors can produce both real and virtual images depending on the position of the object.

II. Convex mirrors always produce real, inverted images regardless of the object’s position.

III. In both concave and convex mirrors, the image location can be determined using the mirror formula
1/𝑓=1/𝑣+1/𝑢 where f is the focal length, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance.

Choose from the following the correct option that lists the correct statements about reflection from curved
surfaces.

A. I and II

B. I, II and III

C. II and III

D. I and III

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31. Choose the correct option from the below which explains the reason for us to Perceive the day sky as blue.

A. As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, shorter wavelengths, such as blue are scattered more than other
colors.

B. The sky appears blue because all colors are scattered equally, but blue light is stronger and more visible to
the human eye.

C. The blue color of the sky is due to longer wavelengths like red and orange scattering more than shorter
wavelengths, making blue stand out more.

D. The atmosphere contains blue-colored particles that give the sky its blue appearance.

32. Assertion (A): A point object is placed at a distance of 26 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 26 cm.
The image will not form at infinity.

Reason (R): For above given system the equation 1/𝑓=1/𝑣+1/𝑢 gives v= infinity

(Very Short Answer Type Questions) (2x2=4)

33. (a) Copy the scaled ray diagram given below. Draw more required incident rays from the pencil to illustrate
the formation of the image of the pencil by the convex lens of focal length 3 cm.

Your completed diagram should show the image of the whole pencil. (Note: Assume that the lens in thediagram
is a thin lens.)

(b) What is the distance of the image of the pointed end of the pencil from the lens?

[Link] either option A or B.

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 A.B1., B2., and B3., are three identical bulbs connected as shown in Figure. When all the three bulbs glow, a
current of 3A is by the ammeter A.

(i) What happens to the reading of A,, A,, A, and A when the bulb B, gets fused?

(ii) How much power is dissipated in the circuit when all the three bulbs glow together?

B. Find out the following in the electric circuit given in Figure

(a) Effective resistance of two ohm8 resistors in the combination

(b) Current flowing through 4 ohnresistor

(Short Answer Type Questions) (3x3=9)

35. An autorefractor, which is used to automatically measure the refractive errors in a person’s eye, makes use
of the Scheiner principle explained below.

Parallel rays of light from a distant object are limited to two parallel bundles of light using a disc with two
pinholes. For an eye with no refractive error, the rays would be focused on the retina, where only one spot can
be observed.

(a) For a myopic eye, how many spots will be observed on the retina?

(b) Draw a diagram showing how the light rays fall on the retina of a myopic eye?

(c) What could be the reason for the observation?

36. (i) Calculate the resistivity of the material of a wire of length 1 m, radius 0.01 cm and resistance 20 ohms.

(ii) How is the resistivity of alloys compared with those of pure metals from which they may have been formed?

[2+1=3]
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37. The figure shows two magnets X and Y kept near each other. Their poles are not marked, but the magnetic
field lines are shown in the figure.

If magnet X is moved towards magnet Y as indicated by the arrow, will the two magnets attract or repel each
other? Justify your answer by describing how you interpret the field lines.

(Case-based/Data -based Question) (1+1+2=4)

38. Attempt either subpart C or D.

The image below shows the design of a refracting telescope.

When light passes through a prism different colours split and dispersion takes place. The same thing happens
with a lens but to a much lesser degree. This is called chromatic aberration and causes the different colours of
light to focus at different points. To overcome this problem, the reflecting telescope was invented. One design of
the reflecting telescope is shown below.

(a) One of the critical factors affecting a telescope is the amount of light it can gather. The more light a
telescope can gather, the better the image it produces. What can be done to the lens to increase the amount
of light a telescope gathers?
(b) In the refracting telescope given in the passage, what should be the distance between the two lenses? (Use
the first ray diagram in the passage to answer it.)

(C)The light that reaches the telescopes comes from very far away celestial objects. Draw a ray diagram to
show what happens when light from a far away object falls on a convex lens and a concave lens.

OR

(D)The light that reaches the telescopes comes from very far away celestial objects. Draw a ray diagram to
show what happens when light from a far away object fallson a convex mirror and a concave mirror.

(Long Answer Type Question) (5x1=5)

39. Attempt either option A or B.

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A. A graph between difference (V) and current (I) is given in figure.

(a) Derive relation between V and I.

(b) Find the resistance of the conductor using the graph.

(c)In a purely resistive electrical appliance, the emf source is 10V. the current flowing through it is 1A. if the
wires are resistance free, calculate the resistance of the appliance.

(d)If a conductor resistance is 50 and the current passing through it is 5 A. Calculate the potential difference?

[2+1+1+1=5]

B. (a) Three resistors of 3 each are connected to a battery of 3 V as shown. Calculate the current drawn from
the battery.

(b) Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a battery of 3 cells of 2 V each, a combination of three
resistors of 10 2, 20 and 30 connected in parallel, a plug key and an ammeter, all connected in series. Use this
circuit to find the value of the following:

(a) Current through each resistor

(b) Total current in the circuit

(c) A current of 10 A flows through a conductor for two minutes.

(i) Calculate the amount of charge passed through any area of cross section Of the conductor.
(ii) If the charge of an electron is 1.6 × 10-19 C, then calculate the total Number of electrons flowing.

[1+2+2=5]

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