JK PUBLIC SCHOOL

Session: 2024-2025
ASSIGNMENT: MATHEMATICS

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT-II

CLASS: 7TH

Page 1 of 45
Simple Equations Exercise 4.1
Ex 4.1 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Complete the given column of the table:

Solution:

Q2) Check whether the value given in the brackets is a solution to the given
equation or not: (do alternate parts on notebook)
(a) m+ 6 = 15; (m = 6)
(b) 2n + 7 = 13; ( n = 3)
(c) 7n + 5 = 19; (n = 2)
(d) 4p – 3 = 12; (p = 4)
(e) 4p – 3 = 13; (p = 4)
(f) 4p+5 = 21; (p = 0)
Page 2 of 45
Sol) (a) m + 6 = 15 (m = 6)
Put m = 6 in LHS
6+ 6 = 12 ≠ 15 (RHS)
Since LHS ≠ RHS
Thus m = 6 is not the solution of the given equation.

(b) 2n + 7 = 13; (n = 3)
Put n = 3 in LHS
2× 3 + 7 = 6 + 7 = 13 = 13 (RHS)
Since LHS = RHS
Thus, n = 3 is the solution of the given equation.

(c) 7n+ 5 = 19; (n = 2)

Put n = 2 in LHS
7 × 2 + 5 = 14 + 5 = 19 = 19 (RHS)
Since LHS = RHS
Thus, n – 2 is the solution of the given equation.

(d) 4p – 3 = 12; (p = 4)
Put p = 4 in LHS
4 × 4 – 3 = 16 – 3 = 13 ≠ 12 (RHS)
Since LHS ≠ RHS
Thus, p = 1 is not the solution of the given equation.

(e) 4p – 3 = 13; (p = 4)
Put p = 4 in LHS
4 × (4) – 3 = 16 – 3 = 13 = 13 (RHS)
Since LHS = RHS
Thus p = 4 is the solution of the given equation.

(f) 4p + 5 = 21; (p = 0)
Put p = 0 in LHS
4 × (0) + 5 = 0 + 5 = 5 ≠ 21 (RHS)
Since LHS ≠ RHS
Thus p = 0 is not the solution of the given equation.

Q3)Solve the following equations by trial and error method:

(i) 5p + 2 = 17
(ii) Try yourself
Solution:
(i) 5p + 2 = 17
Page 3 of 45
For p = 1, LHS
= 5 × 1 + 2 = 5 + 2 = 7 ≠ 17 (RHS)
For p = 2, LHS = 5 × 2 + 2
= 10 + 2 = 12 ≠ 17 (RHS)
For p = 3, LHS = 5 × 3 + 2
= 15 + 2 = 17 = 17 (RHS)
Since the given equation is satisfied for p = 3 Thus, p = 3 is the required solution.

Q4) Write equations for the following statements:

(i) The sum of numbers x and 4 is 9.
(ii) 2 subtracted from y is 8.
(iii) Ten times a is 70.
(iv) The number b divided by 5 gives 6.
(v) Three-fourth of t is 15.
(vi) Seven times m plus 7 gets you 77.
(vii) One-fourth of a number x minus 4 gives 4.
(viii) If you take away 6 from 6 times y, you get 60.
(ix) If you add 3 to one-third of z, you get 30.
Solution:

Q5) Write the following equations in statement forms.

Same as question 4
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Q6)
Set up an equation in the following cases:
(i) Imtiyaz says that he has 7 marbles more than five times the marbles Imran has.
Imtiyaz has 37 marbles. (Take m to be the number of Imran’s marbles)
(ii) Gulshan’s father is 49 years old. He is 4 years older than three times Gulshan’s
age. (Take Gulshan’s age to be y years)

(iii) The teacher tells the class that the highest marks obtained by a student in her
class is twice the lowest marks plus 7. The highest score is 87. (Take the lowest
score to be 1)
(iv) In an isosceles triangle, the vertex angle is twice either base angle. (Let the
base angle be b in degrees. Remember that the sum of angles of a triangle is 180
degrees).
Solution:
(i) Let m be the Imran’s marbles.
∴ Imtiyaz’s marble = 5m + 7
Total number of Imtiyaz’s marble is given by 37.
Thus, the required equation is 5m + 7 = 37

(ii) Let Gulshan’s age be y years.

∴ Gulshan’s father’s age = 3y + 4
But the Gulshan’s father’s age is given by 49
Thus the required equation is 3y + 4 = 49

(iii) Let the lowest score be L.

∴ The highest score = 2L + 1
But the highest score is given by 87.
Thus, the required equation is 2L + 1 = 87

(iv) Let each base angle be ‘b’ degrees.

∴ Vertex angle of the triangle = 2b
Sum of the angles of a triangle = 180°
∴ Required equation is b + b + 2b = 180° or 4b = 180°

Page 5 of 45
 Exercise 4.2
Q1) Given first the step you will use to separate the variable and then solve the
equation: ( do alternate parts on notebook)
(a) x – 1 = 0
(b) x + 1 = 0
(c) x – 1 = 5
(d) x + 6 = 2
(e) y – 4 = -7
(f) y -4 = 4
(g) y + 4 = 4

Solution:
(a) x – 1 = 0
Adding 1 to both sides, we get
x–1+l=0+1⇒x=1
Thus, x = 1 is the required solutions.
Check: Put x = 1 in the given equations
x–1=0
1–1=0
0=0
LHS = RHS
Thus x = 1 is the correct solution.

(b) x + 1 = 0
Subtracting 1 from both sides, we get
x + 1 – 1 = 0 – 1 ⇒ x = -1
Thus x = -1 is the required solution.
Check: Put x = -1 in the given equation
-1 + 1 = 0
0=0
LHS = RHS
Thus x = -1 is the correct solution.

(c) x – 1 = 5
Adding 1 to both sides, we get
x–1+1=5+1⇒x=6
Thus x = 6 is the required solution.
Check: x – 1 = 5
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Putting x = 6 in the given equation
6–1=5⇒5=5
LHS = RHS
Thus, x = 6 is the correct solution.

(d) x + 6 = 2
Subtracting 6 from both sides, we get
x + 6 – 6 = 2 – 6 ⇒ x = -4
Thus, x = -4 is the required solution.
Check: x + 6 = 2
Putting x = -4, we get
-4 + 6 = 2 ⇒ 2 = 2 LHS = RHS
Thus x = -4 is the correct solution.

(e) y – 4 = -7
Adding 4 to both sides, we get
y – 4 + 4 = -7 + 4 ⇒ y = -3
Thus, y = -3 is the required solution.
Check: y – 4 = -7
Putting y = -3, we get
-3 – 4 = -7 ⇒ -7 = -7
LHS = RHS
Thus, y = -3 is the correct solution.

(f) y – 4 = 4
Adding 4 to both sides, we get
y–4+4=4+4⇒y=8
Thus, y = 8 is the required solution.
Check: y – 4 = 4
Putting y = 8, we get
8–4=4⇒4=4
LHS = RHS
Thus y = 8 is the correct solution.

(g) y + 4 = 4
Subtracting 4 from both sides, we get
y+4–4=4–4⇒y=0
Thus y = 0 is the required solution.
Check: y + 4 = 4

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Putting y = 0, we get
0+4=4⇒4=4
LHS = RHS
Thus y = 0 is the correct solution.

Q2) Give first the step you will use to separate the variable and then solve the
following equation: (do alternate parts on notebook)

Solution:

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Q3) Give the steps you will use to separate the variables and then solve the
equation:
(a) 3n – 2 = 46
(b) 5m + 7 = 17
(c) 20p/3=40
(d) 3p/10=6
Solution:
(a) 3n – 2 = 46
⇒ 3n- 2 + 2 = 46+ 2 (adding 2 to both sides)
⇒ 3n = 48
⇒ 3n + 3 = 48 ÷ 3

(b) 5m + 7 = 17
⇒ 5m+ 7 – 7 = 17 – 7 (Subtracting 7 from both sides)
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⇒ 5m = 10
⇒ 5m + 5 = 10 ÷ 5 (Dividing both sides by 5)

(c) 20p/3=40

(d) 3p/10=6
⇒3p/10 ×10=6×10 (Multiplying both sides by 10)
⇒ 3p = 60
⇒ 3p ÷ 3 = 60 ÷ 3 (Dividing both sides by 3)

Q4) Solve the following equations. (do alternate parts on notebook)

Try yourself.

Page 10 of 45
 Exercise 4.3
Q1) Solve the following equations:

a) 3x + 7/2 = 11/2
Sol) 3x + 7/2 = 11/2
3x = 11/2 – 7/2
3x = (11 -7)/2
3x = 4/2
3x = 2
X = 2/3
b) 5x + 18 = 8
Sol) 5x + 18 = 8
5x = 8 – 18
5x = -10
X = -10/5
X = -2
c) x/5 + 3 = 12
sol) x/5 + 3 = 12
X/5 = 12 – 3
X/5 = 9
X=9x5
X = 45
e) 6z + 10 = -8
Sol) 6z + 10 = -8
6z = -8 -10
6z = -18
Z = -18/6
Z = -3

f) 3x/2 = 3 / 4

Sol) 3X/2 = 3/4

3X = 3/4 x 2
3X = 6/4
X = 6/4 x 1/3
X = 6/12
X = 1/2

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Q2) Solve the following equations:
(а) 3(x - 3) = 12
(b) 3(P + 4) = 21
(c) 4(2 + x) = 8
(d) 3(2x + 3) = 9
(e) -4(2 + x) = 12

f) 4(2 + x) = 10
Solution:
(a) 3(x - 3) = 12
⇒ 3(x - 3) / 3=12 /3 (Dividing both sides by 3)
⇒x-3=4
⇒ x = 4 + 3 (Transposing -3 to RHS)
⇒x=7
Check: Put x = 7 in LHS
3(7 - 3) = 3 × 4 = 12= RHS

(b) 3(p + 4) = 21
⇒ 3(p + 4) / 3=21/ 3 (Dividing both sides by 3)
⇒ p+ 4 = 7
⇒ p = 7 - 4 (Transposing 4 to RHS)
p=3

(c) 4(2 + x) = 8
⇒ 4(2 + x) / 4= 8/ 4 (Dividing both sides by 4)
⇒2+x=2
⇒ x = 2 - 2 (Transposing 5 to RHS)
⇒x=0

Q3) Solve the following equations:

(a) 3 = 8(x- 3)
(b) -5 = 4(x – 2)
(c) 15 = 5 + 2 (x + 3)

Sol)
a) 3 = 8(x- 3)

3/8 = 8(x- 3) / 8 [dividing both sides by 8]

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 3/8 = x- 3

3/8 + 3 = x [transposing -3 to LHS]

(3 + 24) /8 = x

27 / 8 = x

Or x = 27/8

b) -5 = 4(x- 2)

-5/4 = 4(x- 2) / 4 [dividing both sides by 4]

-5/4 = x- 2

-5/4 + 2= x [ transposing -2 to LHS]

(-5+ 8) / 4= X

3/4 = X

Or x = 3/4

c) 15 = 5 + 2(x+ 3)

15- 5 = 2(x+ 3) [transposing 5 to LHS]

10 = 2(x+ 3)

10/2 = 2(x+ 3)/ 2 [ dividing both sides by 2]

5 = x+ 3

5–3=x [transposing 3 to LHS]

2=x

Or x = 2

Page 13 of 45
 Exercise 4.4
Q1)Set up equations and solve them to find the unknown numbers in the
following cases:
(a) The sum of 5 times a number and 6 is 15.
(b) if 3/5 times a number taken away from 16, the result is the number itself, what
is the number.
(c) If I take three-fourths of a number and add 3 to it, I get 21.
Sol)
(a) Let the required number be x.
Step I: 5x + 6
Step II: 5x + 6 = 15 is the required equation
Solving the equation, we have
5x + 6 = 15
⇒ 5x = 15 – 6 (Transposing 6 to RHS)
⇒ 5x = 9
⇒ 5x/5 = 9 / 5 (Dividing both sides by 5)
⇒x=9/5
Thus, 9 / 5 is the required unknown number.

(b) Let the required number be x.

Step I: 16 – 3/5 x
Step II: 16 – 3/5 x = x is the required equation.

Solving the equation, we get

16 – 3x/5 = x
⇒ 16 = x + 3x/5 (Transposing 3X/5 to RHS)
⇒ 16 = (5x + 3x)/5
⇒ 16 = 8x/5
⇒ 16x5 = 8x [transposing 1/5 to LHS]

80 = 8x

80/8 = x [transposing 8 to LHS]

10 = x

The unknown number is 10.

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(c) Let the required number be x.
Step I: 3/4 x + 3
Step II: 3/4 x + 3 = 21 is the required equation.
Solving the equation, we have

⇒ x = 24 is the required unknown number.

Q2) Solve the following:

(a) The teacher tells the class that the highest marks obtained by a student in her
class is twice the lowest marks plus 7. The highest score is 87. What is the lowest
score?
(b) In an isosceles triangle, the base angle are equal. The vertex angle is 40°. What
are the base angles of the triangle? (Remember, the sum of three angles of a
triangle is 180°?)
(c) Dhoni scored twice as many runs as Yuvraj. Together, their runs fell two short
of a double century. How many runs did each one score?
Solution:
(a) Let the lowest score be x.
Step I: Highest marks obtained = 2x + 7
Step II: 2x + 7 = 87 is the required equation. Solving the equation, we have
2x + 7 = 87
⇒ 2x = 87 – 7 (Transposing 7 to RHS)
⇒ 2x = 80
⇒ 2x/2=80/2 (Dividing both sides by 2)
⇒ x = 40 is the required lowest marks.

(b) Let each base angle be x degrees.

Step I: Sum of all angles of the triangle (x + x + 40) degrees.
Step II: x + x + 40 = 180°
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⇒ 2x + 40° = 180°
Solving the equation, we have
2x + 40° = 180°
2x = 180° – 40° (Transposing 40° to RHS)
2x = 140°
⇒ 2x/2=140∘/2 (Dividing both sides by 2)
⇒ x = 70°
Thus the required each base angle = 70°

(c) Let the runs scored by Yuvraj = x

Runs scored by Dhoni = 2x
Step I: sum of the runs scored by Yuvraj and Dhoni = x +2x
Step II: 3x = 200-2
Solving the equation, we have
x+2x = 200-2
⇒ 3x = 198
⇒ 3x/3=198/3 (Dividing both sides by 3)
⇒ x = 66

Thus, the runs scored by Yuvraj is 66 and the runs scored by Dhoni =2× 66 = 132

Q3)Solve the following:

(i) Mudasir says that he has 7 marbles more than five times the marbles Amin has.
Mudasir has 37 marbles. How many marbles does Amin have?
(ii) Neelam’s father is 49 years old. He is 4 years older than three times Neelam’s
age. What is Neelam’s age?
(iii) People of Gulmarg planted trees in a village garden. Some of the trees were
fruit trees. The number of non-fruit trees were two more than three times the
number of fruit trees. What was the number of fruit trees planted if the number of
non-fruit trees planted was 77?
Solution:
(i) Let the number of marbles with Amin has be = x
Step I: Number of marbles that Mudasir has = 5x + 7
Step II: 5x + 7 = 37 Solving the equation, we have 5x + 7 = 37
⇒ 5x = 37 – 7 (Transposing 7 to RHS)
⇒ 5x = 30
⇒ 5x/5=30/5 (Dividing both sides by 5)
⇒x=6
Thus, the required number of marbles = 6.
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(ii) Let Neelam’s age be x years.
Step I: Father’s age = 3x + 4
Step II: 3x + 4 = 49
Solving the equation, we get
3x + 4-= 49
⇒ 3x = 49 – 4 (Transposing to RHS)
⇒ 3x = 45
⇒ 3x/3=45/3 (Dividing both sides by 3)
⇒ x = 15
Thus, the age of Neelam = 15 years

(iii) Let the number of planted fruit tree be x.

Step I: Number of non-fruit trees = 3x + 2
Step II: 3x + 2 = 77
Solving the equation, we have
3x + 2 = 77
⇒ 3x = 77 – 2 (Transposing 2 to RHS)
⇒ 3x = 75
⇒ 3x/3=75/3 (Dividing both sides by 3)
⇒ x = 25
Thus, the required number of fruit tree planted = 25

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 The Triangle And Its Properties
Important points

• Medians of A Triangle

The line segment joining a vertex of triangles to the midpoint of its opposite sides is called a
median of the triangle.

• Altitudes of A Triangle o An altitude has one end point at a vertex of the triangle and the
other on the line containing the opposite side. o A triangle has 3 altitudes.

• Exterior Angle of A Triangle And Its Properties

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

• Angle Sum Property of A Triangle

The total measure of the three angles of a triangle is 180°.

• Two Special Triangles: Equilateral and Isosceles.

o A triangle in which all the three sides are of equal lengths is called an
equilateral triangle
o A triangle in which two sides are of equal lengths is called an isosceles
triangle

• Sum of the Length of Two sides of A Triangle

It is observed that the sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is always greater than
the third side.
• Right- Angled Triangles And Pythagoras Property

In a right-angled triangle, the side opposite to the right angle is referred to as hypotenuse
and the other two sides are called the legs of the triangle.

Pythagoras property of triangles is stated as:

• In a right-angled triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal sum of the squares on
the legs.

Page 18 of 45
 EXERCISE 6.1

Q1. In Δ PQR, D is the mid- . point of

(i)
is ___.
Sol) Altitude
An altitude has one endpoint at a vertex of the triangle and another on the line containing the
opposite side.
(ii) PD is ___.
Sol) Median
A median connects a vertex of a triangle to the mid-point of the opposite side.
(iii) Is QM = MR?
Sol) No, QM ≠ MR because D is the mid-point of QR.
2. Draw rough sketches for the following:

(a) In ΔABC, BE is a median.

Sol) A median connects a vertex of a triangle to the mid-point of the opposite side.

(b) In ΔPQR, PQ and PR are altitudes of the triangle.

Solution:-

An altitude has one endpoint at a vertex of the triangle and another on the line containing the
opposite side.

(c) In ΔXYZ, YL is an altitude in the exterior of the triangle.

Solution:-

Page 19 of 45
In the figure, we may observe that for ΔXYZ, YL is an altitude drawn exteriorly to side XZ
which is extended up to point L.
3. Verify by drawing a diagram if the median and altitude of an isosceles triangle can be the
same.
Solution:-

Draw a line segment PS BC. It is an altitude for this triangle. Here, we observe that the length
of QS and SR is also the same. So PS is also a median of this triangle.

EXERCISE 6.2

1. Find the value of the unknown exterior angle x in the following diagram:
(NOTE :- Do alternate parts on Notebook)
(i)

Sol) We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
= x = 50o + 70o
= x = 120o
(ii)

Page 20 of 45
Solution:-
We know that,
An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
= x = 65o + 45o
= x = 110o
(iii)

Sol) We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
= x = 30o + 40o
= x = 70o
(iv)

Sol) We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
x = 60o + 60o
x = 120o
(v)

Page 21 of 45
Solution:-
We know that,
An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
= x = 50o + 50o
= x = 100o

Q 2. Find the value of the unknown interior angle x in the following figures:
(NOTE :- Do alternate parts on Notebook)

(i)

Sol) We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
x + 50o = 115o
By transposing 50o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 50o
x = 115o – 50o
x = 65o

(ii)

Sol) We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
Page 22 of 45
70o + x = 100o
By transposing 70o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 70o
x = 100o – 70o
x = 30o
(iii)

Sol) We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles. The given
triangle is a right-angled triangle. So, the angle opposite to the x is 90o.
x + 90o = 125o
By transposing 90o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 90o
x = 125o – 90o
x = 35o
(iv)

Sol) We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
x + 60o = 120o
By transposing 60o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 60o
x = 120o – 60o
x = 60o
(v)

Page 23 of 45
Sol) We know that,
An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
The given triangle is a right-angled triangle. So, the angle opposite to the x is 90o.
x + 30o = 80o
By transposing 30o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 30o
x = 80o – 30o
x = 50o
(vi)

Sol) We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles. The given
triangle is a right-angled triangle. So, the angle opposite to the x is 90o.
x + 35o = 75o
By transposing 35o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 35o
x = 75o – 35o
x = 40o

Exercise 6.3

1. Find the value of the unknown x in the following diagrams:

(NOTE :- Do alternate parts on Notebook)

(i)

Sol) We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
Page 24 of 45
Then,
BAC + ABC + BCA = 180o
x + 50o + 60o = 180o
x + 110o = 180o
By transposing 110o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 110o
x = 180o – 110o
x = 70o
(ii)

Sol) We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
The given triangle is a right-angled triangle. So, the QPR is 90o.
Then,
QPR + PQR + PRQ = 180o
90o + 30o + x = 180o
120o + x = 180o
By transposing 110o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 110o
x = 180o – 120o
x = 60o
(iii)

Sol) We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
Then,
XYZ + YXZ + XZY = 180o
110o + 30o + x = 180o
140o + x = 180o
Page 25 of 45
By transposing 140o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 140o
x = 180o – 140o
x = 40o
(iv)

Sol) We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
Then,
50o + x + x = 180o
50o + 2x = 180o
By transposing 50o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 50o
2x = 180o – 50o
2x = 130o
x = 130o/2
x = 65o
(v)

Sol) We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o. Then,
x + x + x = 180o 3x = 180o x = 180o/3
x = 60o
the given triangle is an equiangular triangle.
(vi)

Page 26 of 45
Sol) We know that,
The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
Then,
90o + 2x + x = 180o
90o + 3x = 180o
By transposing 90o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 90o
3x = 180o – 90o
3x = 90o
x = 90o/3
x = 30o
Then,
2x = 2 × 30o = 60o
2. Find the values of the unknowns x and y in the following diagrams:
(NOTE :- Do alternate parts on Notebook)

(i)

Sol) We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
Then,
50o + x = 120o
By transposing 50o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 50o
x = 120o – 50o
x = 70o
We also know that,
The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
Then,
50o + x + y = 180o
50o + 70o + y = 180o
120o + y = 180o
By transposing 120o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 120o
y = 180o – 120o
y = 60o

Page 27 of 45
(ii)

Sol)
From the rule of vertically opposite angles, y = 80o
Then,
We know that,
The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
Then,
50o + 80o + x = 180o
130o + x = 180o
By transposing 130o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 130o
x = 180o – 130o
x = 50o
(iii)

Sol) We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
Then,
50o + 60o + y = 180o
110o + y = 180o
By transposing 110o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 110o
y = 180o – 110o
y = 70o
Now,
From the rule of linear pair,
x + y = 180o
x + 70o = 180o
By transposing 70o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 70o

Page 28 of 45
 x = 180o – 70
x = 110o
(iv)

Sol) From the rule of vertically opposite angles,

x = 60o
Then, We know that,
The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
Then,
30o + x + y = 180o
30o + 60o + y = 180o
90o + y = 180o
By transposing 90o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 90o
y = 180o – 90o
y = 90o
(v)

Sol)
o
From the rule of vertically opposite angles, y = 90
Then, We know that,
The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o. Then,
x + x + y = 180o
2x + 90o = 180o
By transposing 90o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 90o
2x = 180o – 90o
2x = 90o
x = 90o/2
x = 45o
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(vi)

Sol)
From the rule of vertically opposite angles,
x=y
We know that, the sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.
Then, x + x + x = 180o
3x = 180o
x = 180o/3
x = 60o

Exercise 6.4

1. Is it possible to have a triangle with the following sides?

(i) 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm
Sol) Clearly, we have
(2 + 3) = 5
5=5
Thus, the sum of any two of these numbers is not greater than the third.
Hence, it is not possible to draw a triangle whose sides are 2 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm.
(ii) 3 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm
Sol) Clearly, we have
(3 + 6) = 9 > 7
(6 + 7) = 13 > 3
(7 + 3) = 10 > 6
Thus, the sum of any two of these numbers is greater than the third.
Hence, it is possible to draw a triangle whose sides are 3 cm, 6 cm and 7 cm.
(iii) 6 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm
Sol) Clearly, we have
(3 + 2) = 5 < 6

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Thus, the sum of any two of these numbers is less than the third.
Hence, it is not possible to draw a triangle whose sides are 6 cm, 3 cm and 2 cm.
2. Take any point O in the interior of a triangle PQR. Is (i) OP +
OQ > PQ?
(ii) OQ + OR > QR?
(iii) OR + OP > RP?

Solution:-
If we take any point O in the interior of a triangle PQR and join OR, OP, OQ. Then, we get
three triangles ΔOPQ, ΔOQR and ΔORP are shown in the figure below.

We know that,
The sum of the length of any two sides is always greater than the third side.

(i) Yes, ΔOPQ has sides OP, OQ and PQ.

So, OP + OQ > PQ

(ii) Yes, ΔOQR has sides OR, OQ and QR. So, OQ + OR > QR
(iii) Yes, ΔORP has sides OR, OP and PR.
So, OR + OP > RP
3. AM is a median of a triangle ABC.
Is AB + BC + CA > 2 AM?
(Consider the sides of triangles ΔABM and ΔAMC.)

Solution:- We
know that,
The sum of the length of any two sides is always greater than the third side.
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Now consider the ΔABM,
Here, AB + BM > AM … [equation i]
Then, consider the ΔACM
Here, AC + CM > AM … [equation ii]
By adding equations [i] and [ii], we get,
AB + BM + AC + CM > AM + AM
From the figure we have, BC = BM + CM
AB + BC + AC > 2 AM
Hence, the given expression is true.
4. ABCD is a quadrilateral.
Is AB + BC + CD + DA > AC + BD?

Solution:- We
know that,
The sum of the length of any two sides is always greater than the third side.
Now consider the ΔABC,
Here, AB + BC > CA … [equation i]
Then, consider the ΔBCD
Here, BC + CD > DB … [equation ii]
Consider the ΔCDA
Here, CD + DA > AC … [equation iii]
Consider the ΔDAB
Here, DA + AB > DB … [equation iv]
By adding equations [i], [ii], [iii] and [iv], we get,
AB + BC + BC + CD + CD + DA + DA + AB > CA + DB + AC + DB
2AB + 2BC + 2CD + 2DA > 2CA + 2DB
Take out 2 on both the side,
2(AB + BC + CA + DA) > 2(CA + DB)
AB + BC + CA + DA > CA + DB
Hence, the given expression is true.

Page 32 of 45
 Exercise 6.5

1. ABC is a triangle, right-angled at B. If AB = 4 cm and BC = 5cm, find AC

Solution:-
Let us draw a rough sketch of a right-angled triangle.
By the rule of Pythagoras’ Theorem,
Pythagoras’ theorem states that for any right-angled triangle, the area of the square on the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the areas of squares on the legs.
AC is the hypotenuse,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AC2 = 42 + 52
AC2 = 16+ 25
AC2 = 41
AC = √41
2. In right angled triangle PQR , right angled at Q. If PQ= 3cm and PR = [Link] is RQ.
Solution:- Let us draw a rough sketch of the right-angled triangle.
By the rule of Pythagoras’ Theorem,
Pythagoras’ theorem states that for any right-angled triangle, the area of the square on the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the areas of squares on the legs.
In the question, PR is the hypotenuse,
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
52 = 32 + QR2
25 = 9+ QR2
By transposing 9 from RHS to LHS, it becomes – 9
25 – 9 = RQ2
16 = RQ2

Or RQ = √16
RQ = 4 cm
Hence, the length of the RQ= 4 cm
3. A 15 m long ladder reached a window 12 m high from the ground on placing it against a
wall at a distance a. Find the distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall.

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Solution:-
By the rule of Pythagoras’ Theorem,
Pythagoras’ theorem states that for any right-angled triangle, the area of the square on the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the areas of squares on the legs.
In the above figure, RQ is the hypotenuse,
152 = 122 + a2
225 = 144 + a2
By transposing 144 from RHS to LHS, it becomes – 144
a2 = 225 – 144
a2 = 81
a = √81 a
=9m
Hence, the length of a = 9 m
4. Which of the following can be the sides of a right triangle?
(i) 2.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm
(ii) 2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm
(iii) 1.5 cm, 2cm, 2.5 cm
In the case of right-angled triangles, identify the right angles.
Solution:-
(i) Let a = 2.5 cm, b = 6.5 cm, c = 6 cm
Let us assume the largest value is the hypotenuse side, i.e., b = 6.5 cm.
Then, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
b2 = a2 + c2
6.52 = 2.52 + 62
42.25 = 6.25 + 36
42.25 = 42.25

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The sum of squares of two sides of the triangle is equal to the square of the third side, the
given triangle is a right-angled triangle.
The right angle lies on the opposite of the greater side, 6.5 cm.
(ii) Let a = 2 cm, b = 2 cm, c = 5 cm
Let us assume the largest value is the hypotenuse side, i.e. c = 5 cm.
Then, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
c2 = a2 + b2
52 = 22 + 22
25 = 4 + 4
25 ≠ 8
The sum of squares of two sides of the triangle is not equal to the square of the third side,
the given triangle is not a right-angled triangle.
(iii) Let a = 1.5 cm, b = 2 cm, c = 2.5 cm
Let us assume the largest value is the hypotenuse side, i.e., b = 2.5 cm.
Then, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
b2 = a2 + c2
2.52 = 1.52 + 22
6.25 = 2.25 + 4
6.25 = 6.25
The sum of squares of two sides of the triangle is equal to the square of the third side,
∴ the given triangle is a right-angled triangle.
The right angle lies on the opposite of the greater side 2.5 cm.

Q 5. TRY it yourself

Page 35 of 45
 Congruence Of Triangles

Introduction

 Congruent objects are exact copies of one another.

 If two line segments have the same (i.e., equal) length, they are congruent.
Also, if two line segments are congruent, they have the same length.
 If two angles have the same measure, they are congruent. Also, if
two angles are congruent, their measures are same.

• Criteria For the congruence of Triangles.

1. SSS congruence criteria: Triangles are congruent if three sides of the
one are equal to the three corresponding sides of the other.
2. SAS congruence criteria: Triangles are congruent if two sides and
the angle included between them in one of the triangle are equal to
the corresponding sides and the angle included between them of the
other triangle.
3. ASA congruence criteria: Two triangles are congruent if
two angles and the side included between them in one of
the triangles are equal to the corresponding angles and the
side included between them of the other triangle.
4. RHS congruence criteria: If under a
correspondence, the hypotenuse and one side of a right-angled
triangle are respectively equal to the hypotenuse and one side of
another right-angled triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

Exercise 7.1
1. Complete the following statements:
(a) Two line segments are congruent if ___________.
Solution:- Two line segments are congruent if they have the same length.
(b) Among two congruent angles, one has a measure of 70o; the measure of the
other angle is ___________.
Solution:- Among two congruent angles, one has a measure of 70o; the measure of
the other angle is 70o.

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If two angles have the same measure, they are congruent. Also, if two angles are
congruent, their measure is the same.
(c) When we write < A = <B, we actually mean ___________.
Solution:- When we write <A = <B, we actually mean m <A = m < B.
2. Give any two real-life examples of congruent shapes.
Solution:- The two real-life examples of congruent shapes are as follows:
(i) Fan feathers of the same brand
(ii) Size of chocolate in the same brand
(iii) Size of pens in the same brand
3. If ΔABC ≅ ΔFED under the correspondence ABC ↔ FED, write all the
corresponding congruent parts of the triangles.
Solution:- Two triangles are congruent if pairs of corresponding sides and
corresponding angles are equal.
8All the corresponding congruent parts of the triangles are,
<A ↔ <F, <B ↔ <E, <C ↔ <D
Correspondence between sides:

4. If ΔDEF ≅ ΔBCA, write the part(s) of ΔBCA that correspond to

(i) <E (ii) (iii) <F (iv)
Solution:-

From the above figure, we can say that,

The part(s) of ΔBCA that correspond to,
(i) <E ↔ <C
(ii)
(iii) <F ↔ <A
(iv)
Page 37 of 45
 Exercise 7.2

1. Which congruence criterion do you use in the following?

(a) Given: AC = DF
AB = DE
BC = EF
So, ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF

Solution:-
By SSS congruence property: Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one
triangle are respectively equal to the three sides of the other triangle.
ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF
(b) Given: ZX = RP
RQ = ZY
<PRQ = <XZY
So, ΔPQR ≅ ΔXYZ

Solution:- By SAS congruence property: Two triangles are congruent if the two
sides and the included angle of one are respectively equal to the two sides and the
included angle of the other. ΔACB ≅ ΔDEF
(c) Given: <MLN = <FGH
<NML = <GFH
ML = FG
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So, ΔLMN ≅ ΔGFH

Solution:-
By ASA congruence property: Two triangles are congruent if the two angles and
the included side of one are respectively equal to the two angles and the included
side of the other. ΔLMN ≅ ΔGFH
(d) Given: EB = DB
AE = BC
<A = <C = 90o
So, ΔABE ≅ ΔACD

Solution:-
By RHS congruence property: Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse
and one side of the first triangle are respectively equal to the hypotenuse and one
side of the second. ΔABE ≅ ΔACD
2. You want to show that ΔART ≅ ΔPEN,
(a) If you have to use the SSS criterion, then you need to show
(i) AR = (ii) RT = (iii) AT =

Solution:- We know that SSS criterion states that two triangles are congruent if
the three sides of one triangle are respectively equal to the three sides of the other
triangle.

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(i) AR = PE
(ii) RT = EN
(iii) AT = PN
(b) If it is given that <T = <N and you are to use the SAS criterion, you need to
have
(i) RT = and (ii) PN =

Solution:- We know that SAS criterion states that two triangles are congruent if
the two sides and the included angle of one are respectively equal to the two sides
and the included angle of the other.
(i) RT = EN
(ii) PN = AT
(c) If it is given that AT = PN and you are to use the ASA criterion, you need to
have (i) ? (ii) ?
Solution:- We know that, ASA criterion states that two triangles are congruent if
the two angles and the included side of one are respectively equal to the two
angles and the included side of the other.
Then,
(i) <ATR = <PNE
(ii) <RAT = <EPN
3. You have to show that ΔAMP ≅ ΔAMQ.
In the following proof, supply the missing reasons.

Steps Reasons

(i) PM = QM (i) …

(ii) <PMA = <QMA (ii) …

(iii) AM = AM (iii) …

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 (iv) ΔAMP ≅ ΔAMQ (iv) …

Solution:-

Steps Reasons

(i) PM = (i) From the given figure

QM

(ii) (ii) From the given figure

<PMA =
<QMA

(iii) AM (iii) Common side for both triangles

= AM

(iv) (iv) By SAS congruence property: Two triangles are

ΔAMP congruent if the two sides and the included angle of one
≅ are respectively equal to the two sides and the included
ΔAMQ angle of the other.

4. In ΔABC, <A = 30o, <B = 40o and <C = 110o

In ΔPQR, <P = 30o, <Q = 40o and <R = 110o
A student says that ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR by AAA congruence criterion. Is he justified?
Why or Why not?

Page 41 of 45
Solution:- No, because the two triangles with equal corresponding angles need not
be congruent. In such a correspondence, one of them can be an enlarged copy of
the other.
5. In the figure, the two triangles are congruent. The corresponding parts are
marked. we can write ΔRAT ?

Solution:- From the given figure,

We may observe that,
RA = WO
<RAT = <WON
AT = ON
Hence by SAS Congruence, ΔRAT ≅ ΔWON
6. Complete the congruence statement:

ΔBCA ≅ ΔQRS ≅
Solution:- First, consider the ΔBCA and ΔBTA
From the figure, it is given that, BT = BC
Then, BA is the common side for the ΔBCA and ΔBTA
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Hence, ΔBCA ≅ ΔBTA
Similarly,
Consider the ΔQRS and ΔTPQ
From the figure, it is given that
PT = QR
TQ = QS
PQ = RS
Hence, ΔQRS ≅ ΔTPQ
7. In a squared sheet, draw two triangles of equal areas such that
(i) The triangles are congruent
(ii) The triangles are not congruent
What can you say about their perimeters?
Solution:-
(i)

In the above figure, ΔABC and ΔDEF have equal areas.

And also, ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF
So, we can say that the perimeters of ΔABC and ΔDEF are equal.
(ii)

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In the above figure, ΔLMN and ΔOPQ
ΔLMN is not congruent to ΔOPQ
So, we can also say that their perimeters are not the same.

8. If ΔABC and ΔPQR are to be congruent, name one additional pair of

corresponding parts. What criterion did you use?

Solution:-
By observing the given figure, we can say that
<ABC = <PQR
<BCA = <PRQ
The other additional pair of corresponding parts is BC = QR
∴ ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR by ASA Congruence criterion

9. Explain, why ΔABC ≅ ΔFED

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Solution:- From the figure, it is given that,
<ABC = <DEF = 90o
<BAC = <DFE
BC = DE
By ASA congruence property, two triangles are congruent if the two angles and
the included side of one are respectively equal to the two angles and the included
side of the other.
ΔABC ≅ ΔFED

Page 45 of 45