2- INSTALLATION AND
CONFIGURATION OF ANDROID
BY SATISH PATIL
OVERVIW
• Operating System, java jdk, android SDK
• Android development Tools
• Android virtual devices(AVD)
• Emulators
• Dalvik Virtual Machine, difference between JVM &
DVM
• Steps to install and configure android studio and
SDK
OPERATING SYSTEM
• An operating system (OS) is system software that
manages computer hardware, software resources, and
provides common services for computer programs.
• A mobile OS is an operating system for smartphones,
tablets, PDAs, or other mobile devices.
• Mobile OS combine features of a personal computer OS
with other features useful for mobile or handheld use;
usually including, and most of the following considered
essential in modern mobile systems;
• touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation,
camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder,
music player, etc.
SOME CURRENT SOFTWARE
PLATFORMS
• Android (based on the Linux Kernel) is from Google Inc.
• CyanogenMod and Cyanogen OS are based on the
open source Android Open Source Project(AOSP).
• Fire OS is an operating system launched by Amazon
based on Google's AOSP.
• iOS (previously known as iPhone OS) is from Apple Inc.
• Windows Phone (Soon to be Windows 10 Mobile) is from
Microsoft.
• BlackBerry 10 (based on the QNX OS) is from BlackBerry.
• Firefox OS is from Mozilla.
REQUIREMENTS FOR ANDROID
• OS
• Android application development on either of the following
operating systems:
• Microsoft Windows.
• Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later version with Intel chip.
• Linux including GNU C Library 2.7 or later.
• Tools
• All the required tools to develop Android applications are
freely available and can be downloaded from the Web.
Following is the list of software's you will need before you start
your Android application programming.
• 1. Java JDK6 or later version
• 2. Android Studio / Android SDK and Eclipse IDE for Java Developers
(optional) and Android Development Tools (ADT) Eclipse Plug-in
(optional)
REQUIREMENTS FOR ANDROID
• Download Android Studio From
[Link]
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• System Requirements for Windows
• Microsoft Windows 7/8/10 (32-bit or 64-bit)
• 3 GB RAM minimum, 8 GB RAM recommended (plus 1 GB
for the Android Emulator)
• 2 GB of available disk space minimum, 4 GB recommended
(500 MB for IDE plus 1.5 GB for Android SDK and emulator
system image)
• 1280 x 800 minimum screen resolution
• Java Development Kit (JDK) 8
JAVA JDK
• The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software
development environment used for developing
Java applications and applets.
• It includes the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), an
interpreter/loader (java), a compiler (javac), an
archiver (jar), a documentation generator
(javadoc) and other tools needed in Java
development.
JVM
• JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is a specification that
provides runtime environment in which java byte
code can be executed.
• JVMs are available for many hardware and
software platforms. JVM is a part of Java Run
Environment (JRE).
• The JVM performs following operation:
• Loads code
• Verifies code
• Executes code
• Provides runtime environment
JRE
• The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is a set of
software tools for development of Java
applications. It combines the Java Virtual Machine
(JVM), platform core classes and supporting
libraries.
ANDROID SDK
• The Android SDK (software development kit) is a set
of development tools used to develop applications
for Android platform. The Android SDK includes the
following:
• Required libraries
• Debugger
• An emulator
• Relevant documentation for the Android application
program interfaces (APIs)
• Sample source code
• Tutorials for the Android OS
ANDROID DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
• The android developer tools let you create interactive
and powerful application for android platform
• Android Studio
• Developed by Google, Android Studio is an all-rounder
integrated development environment. Android has Gradle-
base support that has features like visual layout editor,
intelligent code editor, real-time profilers and APK analyzer.
• Visual Studio – Xamarin
• Xamarin was launched in 2011 which is the best free IDE for
delivering an enterprise-quality, crossplatform approach.
Xamarin supplies add-ins to Microsoft Visual Studio that allows
developers to build Android, iOS, and Windows apps within the
IDE
• IntelliJ IDEA
• Using this IDE, you can do in-depth coding, quick
navigation, and error analysis. It supports mobile app
development with the help of Java, Scala, Kotlin, Groovy.
• Eclipse IDE
• It is one of the most popular IDES of Android apps. The
open-source software is free to use. Released under the
Eclipse Public License, it holds a large community having
plenty of plugins and configurations. Highly customizable
offers full support for Java programming language and XML.
ANDROID VIRTUAL DEVICES (AVDS)
• An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a configuration
that defines the characteristics of an Android
phone, tablet, Wear OS, Android TV, or Automotive
OS device that you want to simulate in the Android
Emulator.
• The AVD Manager is an interface you can launch
from Android Studio that helps you create and
manage AVDs.
• To open the AVD Manager, do one of the following:
• Select Tools > AVD Manager.
• Click AVD Manager in the toolbar.
CREATE A NEW AVD
• 1. Open the AVD Manager by clicking Tools > AVD
Manager.
CREATE A NEW AVD
• 2. Click Create Virtual Device, at the bottom of the
AVD Manager dialog. The Select Hardware page
appears.
• Select a hardware profile, and then click Next. If
you don't see the hardware profile you want, you
can create or import a hardware profile. The System
Image page appears.
• Select the system image for a particular API level,
and then click Next. The Verify Configuration page
appears.
• Change AVD properties as needed, and then click
Finish. Now you get a new AVD ready for launching
your apps on it
EMULATORS
• The Android Emulator simulates Android devices on
your computer so that you can test your
application on a variety of devices and Android API
levels without needing to have each physical
device.
• The emulator provides almost all of the capabilities
of a real Android device. You can simulate
incoming phone calls and text messages, specify
the location of the device, simulate different
network speeds, simulate rotation and other
hardware sensors, access the Google Play Store,
and much more.
• The emulator comes with predefined configurations
for various Android phone, tablet, Wear OS, and
Android TV devices.
• In short, An Android emulator is an Android Virtual
Device (AVD) that represents a specific Android
device. You can use an Android emulator as a
target platform to run and test your Android
applications on your PC. Using Android emulators is
optional.
• To start the emulator:
• Open the AVD Manager.
• Double-click an AVD, or click Run
ANDROID RUNTIME
• ART / JIT/ Dalvic / IOT
• when we build our app and generate apk.
• Part of that apk are dex files
• those files contain the source code of our app
including all libraries that we used and those files
are written using low-level code designed for us
software interpreter-the bytecode
• when user runs our app the bytecode written in dex
files is translated by android runtime into the
machine code
DALVIK VERTUAL MACHINE
<=KITKAT
• In the early days of android phones were not as
powerful as they are now most phones at the time
have very little ram
• The Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is an android
virtual machine optimized for mobile devices. It
optimizes the virtual machine for memory, battery
life and performance
• The Dex compiler converts the class files into the
.dex file that run on the Dalvik VM. Multiple class files
are converted into one dex file
• Instead of compiling the whole app to machine
code before running it, it used the strategy called
just in time compilation
• The javac tool compiles the java source file into the
class file.
• The dx tool takes all the class files of your
application and generates a single .dex file. It is a
platform-specific tool.
• The Android Assets Packaging Tool (aapt) handles
the packaging process.
• at runtime and because dalvik only compiled the
code that it needed it allowed saving a lot of ram
but this strategy had one serious draw back
because compilation happened at runtime it
obviously had negative impact on runtime
performance
• some optimizations were introduced to dalvic some
of the frequently run code was cached to not be
recompiled
• Worked for few years and also apps got bigger
• Android L ART was introduced
• Used ahead of time compilation
• More memory consumption
• More time installation
• Android N-> JIT re introduced & profile guided
compilation
• to get the profile data and to precompile frequently used
methods and class user has to actually use an app
• Android P-> profiles in the cloud
• collect profile data from people who already use this app
JVM VS DVM
DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) JVM (Java Virtual Machine)
It is Register based which is It is Stack based.
designed to run on low memory
DVM uses its own byte code and JVM uses java byte code and runs
runs “.Dex” file. From Android 2.2 “.class” file having JIT (Just In Time).
SDK Dalvik has got a Just in Time
compiler
DVM has been designed so that a Single instance of JVM is shared
device can run multiple instances with multiple applications.
of the VM efficiently. Applications
are given their own instance.
DVM supports Android operating JVM supports multiple operating
system only systems.
There is constant pool for every There is constant pool for every
application. application.
Here the executable is APK. Here the executable is JAR.
INSTALL AND CONFIGURE ANDROID
STUDIO