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Mastering Ratios and Proportions Guide

This document provides comprehensive training notes on ratios and proportions, defining key concepts such as ratio, proportion, and types of ratios. It includes important properties, methods for increasing/decreasing ratios, conversions, and applications in problem-solving. Additionally, it offers examples and shortcuts for practical understanding and usage of ratios and proportions.

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chintasrinath7
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5 views2 pages

Mastering Ratios and Proportions Guide

This document provides comprehensive training notes on ratios and proportions, defining key concepts such as ratio, proportion, and types of ratios. It includes important properties, methods for increasing/decreasing ratios, conversions, and applications in problem-solving. Additionally, it offers examples and shortcuts for practical understanding and usage of ratios and proportions.

Uploaded by

chintasrinath7
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

RATIO & PROPORTION – COMPLETE TRAINING

NOTES
1. BASIC DEFINITIONS
Ratio: A comparison between two quantities of the same kind. Written as a : b.

Proportion: An equality of two ratios: a : b = c : d.

2. KEY RULE (MOST IMPORTANT)


If a/b = c/d then ad = bc (cross multiplication).

3. TYPES OF RATIOS
Simple Ratio – a : b

Compound Ratio – (a : b) × (c : d) = ac : bd

Duplicate Ratio – a² : b²

Triplicate Ratio – a³ : b³

Sub-duplicate Ratio – √a : √b

4. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES
Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same number keeps ratio unchanged.

If a/b = m/n then a = km and b = kn for some constant k.

5. INCREASING / DECREASING RATIOS


If a number increases by x%, multiply by 1 + x/100.

6. RATIO CONVERSIONS (TOTAL → PARTS)


If A : B = m : n and total = T, then A = m/(m+n) × T and B = n/(m+n) × T.

7. CONTINUED PROPORTION
If a : b = b : c, then b² = ac.

8. DIRECT & INVERSE PROPORTION


Direct proportion: a■ : a■ = b■ : b■.
Inverse proportion: a■ : a■ = b■ : b■.

9. IMPORTANT SHORTCUTS
Equivalent Ratios – make bases equal.

Change in Ratio – % change = (new - old)/old × 100.

Ratio of ratios – equalize middle terms to form A : B : C.

10. IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS


Dividing quantities, missing terms, age problems, salary ratios, work problems, partnership,
mixtures.

11. EXAMPLES
Divide 900 in ratio 1:2:3 → parts = 150, 300, 450.

12 men finish work in 15 days → 20 men take 9 days (inverse proportion).

A:B = 2:3 and B:C = 4:5 → A:B:C = 8:12:15.

12. QUICK SUMMARY


Ratio = comparison; Proportion = equality; Direct = same order; Inverse = reverse;
Compound, continued, duplicate—all ratio tools for problem solving.

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