EXERCISES
Exercise 1 Interpolate the function lnx by a quadratic polynomial at x = 10, 11, 12.
(a) Estimate the error committed for x = 11.1 when approximating lnx by the interpolating
polynomial.
(b) How does the sign of the error depend on x?
Exercise 2 Consider a function f which is twice continuously differentiable on the interval I
= [−1, 1]. Interpolate the function by a linear polynomial through the support points (xi,f(xi)),
i = 0, 1, x0, x1 ∈ I. Verify that
max | f / / ( ) | max | ( x x0 )( x x1 ) |
I xI
is an upper bound for the maximal absolute interpolation error on the interval I. Which values
x0, x1 minimize α? What is the connection between (x −x0)(x − x1) and cos(2arccos x)?
Exercise 3. Given the data of the function y = cos(x) as follows:
x 0
6 4 3 2
y 1 0,866025 0,707107 0,5 0
a) Construct the Newton's formula using the divided differences in both forms: forward
and backward.
π
b) Use the forward formula to compute approximately the value of f . Compare the
12
obtained value with the exact value.
Exercise 4. Given the value of (xi, yi) as follows:
x -4 -1 0 2 5
y 1245 33 5 9 1335
Construct the Newton's formula using the divided differences in both forms: forward and
backward?
Exercise 5. Use the Lagrange’s interpolation formula to decompose the following rational
functions into the proper rational expressions:
3x 2 +x+1 x2 + x - 3
a) b)
(x-1)(x-2)(x-3) x 3 - 2x 2 - x + 2
Exercise 6. Let a ≤ x0 < x1 < x2 < · · · < xn ≤ b be an arbitrary fixed partition of the interval
[a, b]. Show that there exist unique γ0, γ1, ... , γn with
n b
P( x ) P( x)dx
i 0
i i
a
for all polynomials P with degree (P) ≤ n.
Hint: P(x) = 1, x,... , xn. Compare the resulting system of linear equations with that
representing the polynomial interpolation problem with support abscissas xi, i = 0, ... , n.
Exercise 7 If f ∈ C2[a,b] then there exists an x a, b such that the error of the trapezoidal
rule is expressed as follows:
b
1 1
(b a)( f (a) f (b)) f ( x)dx (b a)3 f / / ( x).
2 a
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Exercise 8. Consider the definite integral
1
dx
I =
0
1+x
Partition [0,1] into n = 10 subintervals of equal length; calculate I and evaluate the error using
the following method:
a) Trapezoidal rule.
b) Simpson’s rule (Parabolic rule).
Exercise 9. In number theory, it is proved that the number of primes in the range (a, b) (0 < a
b
dx
< b) is approximately I =
a
lnx
a) Make a program in Scilab to calculate the number of primes in the range (100, 200).
200
dx
b) Calculate approximately the integration I = using the parabolic method with n
100
lnx
= 100. Compare with the result given in a).
Exercise 10. Find a real solution of this equation using the iterative method such that the
error is 10-4
f(x) = x 3 - x - 1 = 0.
Exercise 11. Find a positive solution of the equation using the interpolation method with the
error 10-3
f(x) = x 3 - 0,2x 2 - 0,2x - 1,2 = 0.
3
Exercise 12. Compute the approximate value of 3 by solving the following equation
f(x) = x 3 - 3 = 0.
in [1, 3] by using (iterate each method five times)
a) The interpolation method,
b) Newton’s method,
Exercise 13. Consider the system of linear equations
10 2 1 x1 1
1 10 1 x2 5
1 3 20 x3 10
Solve this system using
a) The Jacobi’s method,
b) The Gauss–Seidel method,
where each method starts with x(0) = (0, 0, 0) and iterate 4 times.
Exercise 14. Compute the numerical solution of the problem using
y x y 2
0 x 0, 4; h 0,1
y (0) 1
a) Euler’s method
b) Euler’s improved method.
c) Runge-Kutta method (RK4).